耐冬山茶快速繁育

<正> 青岛附近是山茶在我国天然分布的最北缘,由于生境的变化,耐冬的耐寒能力显著高于南方茶,可在青岛地区室外地栽过冬。山茶具有较高的观赏价值,近年山茶栽培热不断升温,从而导致过度采挖幼苗、收集种子,使“耐冬”种群遭到严重破坏,分布范围不断缩小。为了减轻对野生种群资源的压力,保护好这一珍贵种质资源,我们经过实践摸索出了耐冬山茶的繁殖技术。     

耐冬山茶野生资源保护与利用

对耐冬山茶野生资源状况调查研究结果表明,目前耐冬山茶的野生分布区仅剩长门岩岛、大管岛和崂山顶三处,共有植株506株,生存环境受到极大破坏。由于近年来的保护,残存野生植株生长状况良好。       

耐冬山茶的园林应用

山茶(Camellia japonica)在我国栽培历史悠久，是我国十大传统名花之一。我国是世界山茶的起源中心与分布中心。在山东青岛近海岛屿和崂山等地有相当数量的野生山茶分布(当地称之为耐冬山茶)，是山茶科山茶属植物在我国天然分     

青岛市山茶花（耐冬）种群恢复和开发利用

山茶花(耐冬)是青岛卞花,自然分布于青岛崂山沿海乡镇和部分岛屿,野生群落已处于濒临灭绝。该文记述了它的主要生物学、生态学特征,种群恢复和开发利用方法,并提出了保护山茶花(耐冬)资源的建议。     

富贵吉祥山茶花

富贵吉祥山茶花伍时宝文王晋平摄影茶花，别名山茶、晚山茶、耐冬等，也称“岩客”。原产我国，野生山茶分布于云、浙、赣、川等省的山岳沟谷丛林下和山东省岭山及沿海岛屿等地。是我国十大名花之一。历代文人墨客均挥毫泼墨，用诗词歌赋赞誉山茶。宋代苏拭在《赵昌四季·...     

岛屿地理隔离对山茶种群遗传结构的影响

利用简单重复序列间扩增(ISSR)分子标记对分布于我国浙江和山东的8个山茶种群共240个个体进行了遗传结构分析。结果表明:筛选出的20条引物扩增得到210条清晰条带,其中184条为多态性条带,多态位点百分率(PPB)为87.62%。经POPGENE1.32软件分析,山茶种群平均多态位点百分率(PPB)为68.99%,Nei’s基因多样性指数(HE)为0.256 9,Shannon信息指数(H)为0.377 9,种群遗传多样性较高。基因分化系数Gst=0.182 9,表明遗传变异主要存在于种群内个体间。地理距离与遗传距离具有显著相关性(r=0.856 7,P<0.05),岛屿地理隔离对山茶种群的遗传分化具有重要影响。UPGMA聚类表明:浙江5个山茶种群间的遗传相似度较高,山东青岛的植物园种群和五四广场种群可能移植自长门岩岛。我国野生山茶资源受人为破坏严重,建议在加强现有岛屿自然种群就地保护力度的同时,建立山茶种质资源库,促进基因交流。     

"耐冬"山茶优良单株选择及性状早期预测

根据2001年至2003年的田间调查,从北京和天津引种的12000株“耐冬”山茶中筛选出抗冻优良单株56株。此外,对青岛植物园“耐冬”山茶55个性状的R型聚类分析结果表明,部分营养器官性状与生殖器官性状具一定相关性。根据这些相关性,对筛选出的部分优良单株的花色和花型进行了预测。     

耐冬山茶愈伤组织诱导研究

重点探讨耐冬山茶愈伤组织诱导过程中不同植物生长调节剂、培养基pH值、不同培养基及不同类型外植体对愈伤组织诱导效应的影响。研究结果表明:MS+6-BA 2.0 mg.L-1+2,4-D 0.5 mg.L-1培养基是耐冬山茶愈伤组织诱导的最佳培养基;耐冬山茶愈伤组织诱导培养基pH值以5.5较为合适;耐冬山茶叶柄作为外植体,诱导率和生长状况最佳。     

耐冬山茶种子萌发特性研究

耐冬山茶（Camellia japonica L．）为山茶科山茶属常绿阔叶树种,山东是我国山茶科植物自然分布的最北端。用耐冬山茶种子作为供试材料,采用浸种、温度、浓硫酸、赤霉素等不同处理对耐冬山茶种子萌发特性进行了研究,结果表明：耐冬山茶种子在常温水中浸种24h有利于种子萌发,发芽率为85％;萌发的适宜温度为25℃;浓硫酸处理60min发芽率最高,为80％;赤霉素以浓度为800mg·L^-1的GA浸种效果较好,发芽率为90％。     

“耐冬”山茶引种适应性调查

2000年将山东青岛"耐冬"山茶引种至北京及天津地区。引种适应性调查表明:"耐冬"山茶在背风及夏天遮荫小气候条件下,发育基本正常,引种适应性为Ⅱ级,基本适应京津地区;冬季及早春的土壤干旱、冷风及日晒是决定"耐冬"山茶引种成功与否的关键因子。     

RAPD Marker Diversity Within and Among Natural Populations of the Clonal Tree Cryptomeria japonica D. Don.

Abstract

The Japanese cedar, Cryptomeria japonica D. Don., is one of the most important endemic species in Japan. A long history of heavy logging has resulted in natural populations being discontinuously distributed and scattered among small, restricted areas. An understanding of the patterns of genetic variability among and within populations of C. japonica is important for conserving the genetic resources of this economically important species. We studied genetic variation by random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers in C. japonica of Kyoto prefecture, western Japan. A total of 398 plants sampled from six natural populations were analyzed by ten arbitrarily chosen decamer primers, resulting in 50 highly reproducible RAPD bands. Analysis of molecular variance partitionated the RAPD variation into the among- and within population components. The within-population component accounted for 93.75% of the variation. The among-population component accounted for only 6.25%. Indirect estimates of gene flow indicated that the average number of migrants exchanged among six populations per generation was 3.72. A Mantel test for each population did not yield significant correlations between geographic and genetic distances. The extent and distribution of C. japonica diversity in the Kyoto prefecture is in agreement with the conclusion that long-lived, wind-pollinated, out-crossing species with wide ranges retain a considerable amount of genetic diversity within populations and exhibit little genetic differentiation among populations.     

Genetic diversity and differentiation of yellowwood [<Emphasis Type="Italic">Cladrastis kentukea</Emphasis> (Dum.Cours.) Rudd] growing in the wild and in planted populations outside the natural range

Yellowwood (Cladrastis kentukea) grows in small, widely scattered populations in the wild, but is also a popular ornamental tree that thrives when planted in urban areas outside its natural range. Since the small native populations of yellowwood in several states are considered at risk of extirpation, the cultivated population could serve as an ex situ repository of yellowwood genetic diversity that could be used to restore lost local populations of the species. The potential value of cultivated yellowwood for conservation depends on the genetic diversity among cultivated trees compared to natural populations. Using nuclear microsatellite markers, we genotyped 180 yellowwoods from natural populations in Indiana, Missouri, Arkansas, and Kentucky, along with 61 trees from urban parks and landscapes in Indiana, Ohio, and Missouri. We found that, even when statistics were adjusted based on population size, the urban “population” had higher genetic diversity than any of the wild populations sampled, indicating that commercially-grown yellowwood is most likely a mixture of genotypes from isolated wild populations. We observed strong genetic differentiation among wild populations, and evidence for inbreeding in at least one of the wild populations.     

Genetic diversity and population genetic structure of Python bivittatus in China

The Burmese python(Python bivittatus) has recently suffered large population declines in the wild in China due to illegal capture, overexploitation, deforestation and the loss of its natural habitat. Greater knowledge of the genetic diversity and structure of wild P. bivittatus populations is needed to help ensure its effective management.In this study, we investigated the genetic diversity and population genetic structure of wild P. bivittatus in China in detail. 109 P. bivittatus individuals from five distribution areas in Guangdong(GD), Guangxi(GX), Hainan(HN),Fujian(FJ) and Yunnan(YN) province of China were collected, and their genetic structure and diversity were analyzed. Eight highly polymorphic microsatellite loci were utilized to reveal high levels of genetic diversity in the P. bivittatus population. Genetic diversity was highest in GX, and lowest in GD. All geographic populations demonstrated a bottleneck effect indicating recent population decline. Fstand AMOVA analyses revealed that there was moderate genetic differentiation among the five populations, and that only 10.59 % of total genetic diversity occurred among populations. Fstvalues between populations were positively correlated with their geographical distances. Genetic structure analyses revealed that the HN,GX and GD populations, which were geographically closest, were assigned to a genetic cluster, while the YN and FJ populations constituted a single cluster,respectively.     

板栗野生居群与栽培品种间叶绿体微卫星遗传差异初探

对24对epSSR通用引物进行筛选,选用4对呈现多态性的引物对板栗的4个野生居群和9个地方品种群进行遗传分析.结果表明:4个位点在128个样本中扩增等位基因数(Na)平均为3,有效等位基因数(Ne)平均为1.635,期望杂合度(He)平均为0.381,各遗传参数值远低于核基因组对群体研究的相应值.4个等位基因共组合出8种单倍型,既有共享率超过57%的单倍型,也存在特异稀有单倍型,其中陕西汉中与安徽广德板栗天然野生居群,具有较高的单倍型多样性,分别为0.671和0.781,明显高于其他地区,显示两地是板栗的分布及遗传多样性中心.基于cpSSR数据,对板栗地方品种与天然野生居群间的遗传结构、关系及地方品种的起源进行初步探讨.     

基于表型和ISSR标记滇产黄杨叶栒子遗传多样性分析

[目的]从表型和分子2个角度揭示黄杨叶栒子(Cotoneaster buxifolius Lindl.)野生种群的遗传多样性。[方法]利用33个表型性状和ISSR分子标记对滇产野生黄杨叶栒子进行了遗传多样性分析。用PopGen 32软件计算多样性指数,用SPSS 16.0软件构建系统发育树系图。[结果]黄杨叶栒子种内表型性状在居群间存在着丰富的变异,居群间表型性状叶片大小变异系数达25.99%,萼裂片相关3个性状变异达40.66%,差异较大;24条ISSR引物扩增出228条带,其中,153条具有多态性,平均多态率为81.56%,Nei’s基因多样性指数和Shannon多样性指数分别为0.352 0和0.505 9,具有较高的遗传多样性;采用UPGMA法构建遗传关系聚类图,形态和分子标记的2种聚类结果基本一致:分布在同一地区的各个居群多数能聚在一起,地理位置的隔离促进了黄杨叶栒子居群间的遗传分化;个别居群未能与同一产区的其他居群聚在一起,而聚进了其他产区的居群之中,其原因可能是同一产区内各居群的小生境不完全相同,在不同产区内也有相似的小生境,导致黄杨叶栒子居群间发生了趋同进化。[结论]黄杨叶栒子遗传多样性丰富,居群间的亲缘关系及分布与地理位置、海拔位置有密切关系。     

用随机扩增多态DNA (RAPD)技术分析野生与笼养绿孔雀种群的遗传多样性

利用随机扩增多态DNA(RAPD)技术对野生14个和笼养18个绿孔雀(Pavomuticus)个体进行了种群遗传多样性分析。用23个随机引物对野生与笼养绿孔雀基因组DNA扩增,分别获得161和166个扩增片段。计算发现野生与笼养绿孔雀的种群内平均相对遗传距离分别是0.0555和0.1355,两种群间的平均相对遗传距离为0.1635;野生绿孔雀和笼养绿孔雀种群的Shannon多样性指数平均分别是0.4348和1.0163,表明有显著性差异。以上分析都显示野生绿孔雀的遗传多样性很低。利用UPGMA法聚类显示两个种群都是分别来源于两个家系,可据此进行绿孔雀的繁育管理。图1表3参5。