凤台县山羊球虫种类及感染情况调查

目的　为较全面了解凤台县山羊感染球虫的种类,进行了本调查。方法　采用饱和盐水漂浮、重铬酸钾培养等方法,对凤台县112头山羊粪样进行了检查。结果　山羊球虫感染率为94.64%(106/112)。共查获10种艾美耳球虫,即雅氏艾美耳球虫(Eimerianinakohlyakimovae);阿氏艾美耳球虫(E.arloingi);浮氏艾美耳球虫(E.fau-rei);小型艾美耳球虫(E.parva);阿撒他艾美耳球虫(E.ahsata);槌型艾美耳球虫(E.crandallis);颗粒艾美耳球虫(E.granulosa);克氏艾美耳球虫(E.christenseni);苍白艾美耳球虫(E.pallida)和山羊艾美耳球虫(E.caprina)。结论　当地山羊感染的艾美耳球虫的优势种为雅氏艾美耳、阿氏艾美耳、浮氏艾美耳和小型艾美耳球虫,在4个调查点这几种球虫所占的感染比例最大,分布广泛。     

湖北地区山羊球虫感染调查与虫种形态学观察

从湖北省9个地区采集山羊粪便668份,采用饱和食盐水漂浮法和改良麦克马斯特虫卵计数法对采集的样品进行了球虫感染率和感染强度的分析,对山羊球虫种类进行了形态学鉴定。湖北地区山羊球虫总感染率为72.60%,母山羊和公山羊的球虫感染率分别为64.22%和60.06%。大于1岁、6月龄到1岁和小于6月龄山羊的球虫感染率分别为54.70%、62.87%和68.36%,不同性别和不同年龄段山羊的球虫感染率的统计学差异均不显著。天门、咸宁和恩施3个地区的平均OPG(每克粪便卵囊数)分别为2 808、1 107和910。本调查共鉴定出8种羊球虫,即阿氏艾美耳球虫(E.arloingi)、艾丽艾美耳球虫(E.alijevi)、克氏艾美耳球虫(E.christenseni)、羊艾美耳球虫(E.caprovina)、山羊艾美耳球虫(E.caprina)、家山羊艾美耳球虫(E.hirci)、约奇艾美耳球虫(E.jolchijevi)和雅氏艾美耳球虫(E.ninakohlyakimovea)。湖北省地区山羊球虫当中的优势虫种是阿氏艾美耳球虫(E.arloingi)、艾丽艾美耳球虫(E.alijevi)和克氏艾美耳球虫(E.christenseni)。     

杨凌某山羊场球虫种类及感染情况的调查研究

为了解陕西杨凌某奶山羊场山羊球虫的感染状况,采用粪便漂浮法、斯陶尔法和卵囊培养法等对山羊的球虫感染情况进行了初步调查,并对各虫种进行鉴定。结果检获12种艾美耳球虫(Eimeria),即艾丽艾美耳球虫(E.alijevi)、小型艾美耳球虫(E.parva)、浮氏艾美耳球虫(E.faurei)、阿氏艾美耳球虫(E.arloingi)、颗粒艾美耳球虫(E.granulosa)、山羊艾美耳球虫(E.caprina)、羊艾美耳球虫(E.caprovina)、槌状艾美耳球虫(E.crandallis)、克氏艾美耳球虫(E.christenseni)、阿普艾美耳球虫(E.apsheronica)、阿撒他艾美耳球虫(E.ahsata)和错乱艾美耳球虫(E.intricata)。山羊球虫平均感染率为95.2%(40/42),羔羊感染率为100%。平均感染强度(每克粪便卵囊数)为1 086OPG,多数羊为2种~6种卵囊混合感染。优势种为阿氏艾美耳球虫(E.arloingi)、小型艾美耳球虫(E.parva)、艾丽艾美耳球虫(E.alijevi)、山羊艾美耳球虫(E.caprina)、阿撒他艾美耳球虫(E.ahsata)和错乱艾美耳球虫(E.intricata)。     

上海市临港地区山羊球虫种类及感染情况调查

为了解上海市山羊体内球虫种类及感染情况,采用卵囊培养法和粪便漂浮法,对上海市临港地区120份山羊新鲜粪便进行球虫检查。结果显示:山羊球虫的感染率为80%;经鉴定在山羊粪便中发现8种艾美耳球虫,分别是克氏艾美耳球虫(E.christenseni)、阿普艾美耳球虫(E.apsherenica)、尼柯雅艾美耳球虫(E.ninakohlyakimovae)、约奇艾美耳球虫(E.jolchijevi)、家山羊艾美耳球虫(E.hirci)、艾丽艾美耳球虫(E.alijeri)、山羊艾美耳球虫(E.caprina)和阿氏艾美耳球虫(E.arloingi)。在2~6月龄山羊的肠内容物中发现大量的克氏艾美耳球虫和山羊艾美耳球虫,说明这2种球虫是上海市临港地区山羊的优势虫种。     

广西圈养山羊球虫种类和感染状况的调查

抽检广西12个县市751头山羊粪便,发现86.68%的粪样含球虫卵囊,经鉴定有10种艾美耳球虫(Eim eria),即阿氏艾美耳球虫(E.arloingi)、艾氏艾美耳球虫(E.alijevi)、阿普艾美耳球虫(E.aspherenica)、雅氏艾美耳球虫(E.ninakohlyakim ovae)、克氏艾美耳球虫(E.christenseni)、约氏艾美耳球虫(E.jolchijevi)、家山羊艾美耳球虫(E.hirci)、山羊艾美耳球虫(E.caprina)、苍白艾美耳球虫(E.pallida)和羊艾美耳球虫(E.caprovina)。对其形态进行了描述。95.01%(324/341)的阳性粪样为混合感染(含2～8种卵囊)。     

西藏尼木县山羊球虫感染情况的调查

采用饱和食盐水漂浮法检查尼木县1 200份山羊粪便样本,剖检48只山羊,调查西藏尼木县山羊球虫感染率、球虫种类及危害。结果显示,西藏尼木县山羊球虫年平均感染率91.16%,1 094例阳性病例中混合感染率达100%;1岁龄以下山羊球虫感染强度最高,1岁羊与其他年龄山羊球虫感染强度相比差异极显著(P0.01);经鉴定,感染9种艾美耳球虫(Eimeria),分别为艾丽艾美耳球虫(E.alijevi)7.24%,雅氏艾美耳球虫(E.ninakohlyakimovae)16.74%,家山羊艾美耳球虫(E.hirci)2.49%,阿氏艾美耳球虫(E.arloingi)22.17%,约奇艾美耳球虫(E.jolchijevi)15.84%,柯氏艾美耳球虫(E.christenseni)1.13%,阿普艾美耳球虫(E.aspheronica)1.58%,山羊艾美耳球虫(E.caprina)20.36%,羊艾美耳球虫(E.caprovina)12.44%;剖检发现羊只消瘦,被毛粗乱,小肠黏膜上有淡白色卵圆形结节,成簇分布,十二指肠和空肠点状、带状出血。     

1例山羊球虫病的诊疗及球虫的种类调查

对高邮市1例山羊球虫病进行了诊疗并对山羊球虫病原进行了分离与种类鉴定,共检获到5种球虫,均属艾美耳属(Eimeria)球虫,即:柯氏艾美耳球虫(E.christenseni)、山羊艾美耳球虫(E.hirci)、尼柯雅氏艾美耳球虫(E.ninakohlyakimovae)、艾力加艾美耳球虫(E.alijevi)、绵山羊艾美耳球虫(E.caprovina)。在所有的粪样中均至少有3种球虫,其中柯氏艾美耳球虫的感染率最高,占90%以上,为优势种,是本次球虫病的主要病原。     

皖西地区鸡球虫病流行情况调查

采用群体采样法分别从安徽省六安、寿县、霍邱三地调查点采集新鲜鸡粪,检查粪样.阳性粪样采用饱和食盐水漂浮和离心沉淀法进行卵囊分离.显微镜下观察卵囊进行虫种鉴定,并统计各调查点的鸡球虫感染率和感染强度等.调查结果:检查50份鸡的新鲜粪样.得出鸡球虫感染率为100%;共检出6种球虫,经鉴定均隶属于艾关耳属,分别为毒害艾美耳球虫(Eimeria rwcatrix)、堆型艾美耳球虫(E.acervulina)、巨型艾美耳球虫(Emaxima)、柔嫩艾美耳球虫(E.tenel-la)、缓艾美耳球虫(E.mitis)和早熟艾美耳球虫(E.praecox).调查结果说明:鸡球虫在皖西地区普遍存在,且有的调查点感染强度很高,养殖户的科学防治意识不强.     

安徽合肥市鸡球虫种类及感染情况调查

本文采用饱和盐水漂浮、重铬酸钾培养等方法，对合肥市79份鸡的粪样进行了鸡球虫感染情况的检查。结果表明：鸡球虫感染率为62．03％(49／79)。经鉴定，所获7种球虫均隶属艾美耳属，即：毒害艾美耳球虫(Eimeria necatrix)、堆型艾美耳球虫(E．acervulina)、巨型艾美耳球虫(E．maxima)、柔嫩艾美耳球虫(E．tenella)、和缓支美耳球虫(E．mitis)、哈氏艾美耳球虫(E．hagani)和早熟艾美耳球虫(E．praecox)。文中还对鸡球虫与地区、日龄的关系及优势虫种等进行了分析，得出合肥市鸡球虫感染率存在一定的地区性和日龄差异，鸡球虫优势虫种为毒害艾美耳球虫和堆型艾美耳球虫。     

海南省文昌鸡主要养殖地区鸡球虫种类及感染情况调查

为了解海南省文昌鸡主要养殖地区鸡球虫种类及感染情况,采用群体采样法分别从各调查点采集新鲜鸡粪,检查粪样。阳性粪样采用饱和盐水漂浮和离心沉淀法进行卵囊分离,2.5%重铬酸钾培养保存。显微镜下观察卵囊进行虫种鉴定,并统计各调查点的鸡球虫种类、感染率和感染强度。结果显示,检查雏鸡(15～42日龄)、青年鸡(43～84日龄)和成年鸡(85～130日龄)粪样各300份,球虫的感染率分别为82.7%、78.0%和38.3%。共检出7种球虫,均属艾美耳属,分别为毒害艾美耳球虫(E.necatrix)、堆型艾美耳球虫(E.acervulina)、巨型艾美耳球虫(E.maxima)、柔嫩艾美耳球虫(E.tenella)、和缓艾美耳球虫(E.mitis)、哈氏艾美耳球虫(E.hagani)和早熟艾美耳球虫(E.praecox)。结果表明,球虫感染在海南省文昌鸡主要养殖地区普遍存在,雏鸡和青年鸡的感染率较高,且中度以上(包括中度)感染偏多;成年鸡的感染率相对较低,且多为轻度感染。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …     

鸡败血支原体垂直传播模式及其阻断方法

以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.