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BLUP法是数理统计在遗传学上的应用,基于线性代数和数理统计模型方法。对于BLUP法估计育种值模型可以分为公畜模型、公畜一母畜模型、外祖父模型、动物模型及简化动物模型,其中公畜模型未能对影响后代的母畜效应进行有效的计算,在同质选配过程中会对公畜效应的预测带来一定的偏差,同时也不能预测后代的个体效应;公畜一母畜模型也不能预测后代个体效应,而外祖父模型适用于种公牛评定,缺点也与上述2种模型一样。因此根据实际情况,对宁乡猪进行育种值估计时采用动物模型,其一般形式为: 相似文献
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奶牛体型线性性状的动物模型遗传评估 总被引:6,自引:1,他引:6
本文利用北京市7个奶牛场的奶牛体型线性评定资料,累计收集了4年共1647头母牛的15个线性性状数据,采用最佳线性无偏预测(BLUP,Best Linear Unbiased Prediction)方法,配合个体动物模型(AM,Animal Model),估计了胎次、泌乳月、鉴定日期、奶牛场以及鉴定员等固定环境效应,并计算出了每头奶牛15个线性性状的个体育种值。鉴于奶牛体型线性评定方法在国内正处于推广应用阶段,而BLUP的动物模型方法目前在国内的研究应用也少见报道。本文通过将两者结合起来,估计动物个体的种用价值,结果表明奶牛体型线性评定以第三胎、第三个泌乳月效果较好。经济效益好的场队其牛群也较整齐。不同的鉴定日期、不同的鉴定员对评定结果也略有影响。最后,可以得到剔除固定效应并经过排序用于选择的奶牛个体育种值。处理分析表明效果比较理想,为推动我国的动物育种工作,建议今后在国内大力推广奶牛体型线性评定和动物模型BLUP评估相结合的育种方法和手段。 相似文献
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<正>BLUP法是数理统计在遗传学上的应用,基于线性代数和数理统计模型方法。对于BLUP法估计育种值模型可以分为公畜模型、公畜-母畜模型、外祖父模型、动物模型及简化动物模型,其中公畜模型未能对影响后代的母畜效应进行有效的计算,在同质选配过程中会对公畜效应的预测带来一定的偏差,同时也不能预测后代的个体效应;公畜-母畜模型也不能预测后代个体效应,而外祖父模型适用于种公牛评定,缺点也 相似文献
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黑龙江省种公牛用动物模型预测育种植 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
在奶牛改良中,种公牛占各相关通径合计贡献度的65%(VanVleck,1977),其中从种公牛到女儿牛的通径占26%,从种公牛到人工授精后备种公牛(儿子牛)的通径占39%。因此正确估计种公牛育种值是奶牛改良的必须条件,为了提高种公牛评价的准确性,黑龙江省不断改进种公牛的评价方法,先后应用了母女比较法(1962),女儿同期比较法(1971),群伴比较法(1972),总性能指数法(1983),公牛模型BLUP法(1985)。目前在黑龙江省奶牛后裔测定中仍使用公牛模型BLUP法,这种方法优点是可把公牛间的亲缘关系、公牛的组别、牛场、年度和季节等进行校正,准… 相似文献
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建立规范的全国公牛后裔测定系统 总被引:3,自引:2,他引:1
奶牛育种的关键是培育优秀的种公牛,而选择优秀种公牛的基础是能够建立完善的公牛后裔测定体系。目前我国只有少量的公牛在进行后裔测定,而且测定奶牛场数量少,后裔种群数量少,各公牛站各自评定公牛,没有进行国家层面的统一后测与评定。所以只有建立国家层面的后裔测定系统,各自分工,各地奶协完成系谱资料登记与外貌登记,各公牛站完成后备公牛试配,DHI中心进行奶牛生产性能测定,中国奶业协会收集各组织的数据并运算,共同进行全国公牛的评定。只有这样,才能快速推进我国奶牛良种化建设的进程,确保我国奶业的长期健康发展。 相似文献
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一、美国种公牛后裔鉴定方法美国对种公牛后裔鉴定所采用的方法与评定母牛的育种值的方法非常相似,是直接利用其女儿的育种值来评定父亲的遗传性能的。最初曾简单地利用女儿的平均数值作测定,后来,随着人工授精的普遍开展,种公牛后裔鉴定的方法也得到了改进。现在采用“美国农业部——奶牛改良协会”同群比较法。这个方法 相似文献
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奶牛泌乳曲线数学模型的遗传分析 总被引:7,自引:3,他引:7
本文采用Wood、改进多项式、回归模型各参数估值及拟合、预报奶量进行了方差分析,遗传力、遗传相关估计及BLUP法育种值估计。方差分析结果表明,产犊季节和胎次对各性状具有较为显著的影响。各遗传相关的估值均较高,这是由环境因素及取样情况所致。实际及估计305天产奶量的遗传力估值较高,Wood模型参数c、改进多项式模型参数d及回归模型参数d、e的遗传力估值也相对较高。各估计、预报奶量及各选定模型参数的BLUP育种值排队序号与实际305天产奶量BLUP育种值排队序号均呈极显著的秩相关(p<0.001).这表明可以用估计和预报奶量及模型参数来评定种公牛的优劣。这对奶牛生产和育种实践具有一定的实践意义。 相似文献
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选择新疆乌鲁木齐种牛场6头新疆褐牛种公牛及后代母牛为研究对象,运用DMU软件AIREML算法及动物模型BLUP法,估计该场后代母牛的遗传参数及种公牛的育种值,并进行排序,为该场褐牛种公牛及后代母牛的选种选配计划提供理论依据。结果表明:该场新疆褐牛后代母牛的产奶量、乳脂率、乳蛋白率、乳糖率及总固体的遗传力分别为0.35、0.06、0.19、0.06、0.04;00233号种公牛在所选公牛中的各项育种值最高,196318号种公牛各项育种值最低。通过研究结果,可对公牛各项育种值高的后代母牛进行选育选配,进一步扩大核心群体,为该场牛品种的改良提供决策。 相似文献
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魏静 《四川畜牧兽医学院学报》2009,(4):28-32
在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。 相似文献
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本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。 相似文献
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以国际标准强毒R株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离MG,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离MG。结果表明,人工感染48小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,96小时气囊已被感染,120小时输卵管已能分离到MG,卵巢始终分离不到MG。人工感染鸡自144小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出MG。药物治疗能在72小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需24天后逐渐降低蛋内MG分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内MG,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。 相似文献
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REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air. 相似文献
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Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF
Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo. 相似文献