灰飞虱酵母双杂交cDNA文库的构建及分析

以灰飞虱（Laodelphax striatellus Fallen）mRNA为起始模板,利用Gateway技术构建了灰飞虱酵母双杂交cDNA文库。经过检测表明：构建的初级cDNA文库的库容量为1.85×107 cfu;扩增文库滴度为7.7×108 cfu/mL,重组率约为97%;扩增文库插入片段主要集中在1 000~1 500 bp之间。随机挑取10个克隆,经测序与GenBank数据库比对结果显示7个克隆具有同源序列,其中L2、L9为已公布的灰飞虱序列。灰飞虱酵母双杂交cDNA文库的构建为克隆全长目的基因及研究灰飞虱与其传播的水稻病毒间的互作奠定了基础。     

Proteomic analysis of digestive tract peptidases and lipases from the invasive gastropod Pomacea canaliculata

Background

The invasive gastropod Pomacea canaliculata has received great attention in the last decades as a result of its negative impact on crops agriculture, yet knowledge of their digestive physiology remains incomplete, particularly the enzymatic breakdown of macromolecules such as proteins and lipids.

Results

Discovery proteomics revealed aspartic peptidases, cysteine peptidases, serine peptidases, metallopeptidases and threonine peptidases, as well as acid and neutral lipases and phospholipases along the digestive tract of P. canaliculata. Peptides specific to peptidases (139) and lipases (14) were quantified by targeted mass spectrometry. Digestion begins in the mouth via diverse salivary peptidases (nine serine peptidases; seven cysteine peptidases, one aspartic peptidase and 22 metallopeptidases) and then continues in the oesophagus (crop) via three luminal metallopeptidases (Family M12) and six serine peptidases (Family S1). Downstream, the digestive gland provides a battery of enzymes composed of aspartic peptidase (one), cysteine peptidases (nine), serine peptidases (12) and metallopeptidases (24), including aminopeptidases, carboxypeptidases and dipeptidases). The coiled gut has M1 metallopeptidases that complete the digestion of small peptides. Lipid extracellular digestion is completed by triglyceride lipases.

Conclusion

From an integrative physiological and anatomical perspective, P. canaliculata shows an unexpected abundance and diversity of peptidases, which participate mainly in extracellular digestion. Moreover, the previously unknown occurrence of luminal lipases from the digestive gland is reported for the first time. Salivary and digestive glands were the main tissues involved in the synthesis and secretion of these enzymes, but plausibly the few luminally exclusive peptidases are secreted by ventrolateral pouches or epithelial unicellular glands. © 2022 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.     

模式贝类Helix aspersa Mueller触角cDNA文库的构建

利用Trizol试剂,从实验室培养的模式贝类散大蜗牛(Helix aspersa)成体触角中提取总RNA;应用SMART技术,反转录合成cDNA第1链,长距离PCR扩增得到双链cDNA,分级分离后将片段插入λTripIEx2,再经包装完成蜗牛触角的cDNA文库构建。经平板培养及蓝白斑法检测,未扩增文库滴度达到1.22×106 pfu/mL,扩增文库滴度达到5.6×109 pfu/mL,重组率达到96.4%以上。挑取部分克隆转成质粒,酶切分析显示插入片段平均长度大约为500 bp。经过上述工作,得到了一个高质量散大蜗牛触角cDNA文库,为进一步研究陆生贝类化学感受相关基因及其与行为的相互关系奠定了基础。     

Euparyphium albuferensis and Echinostoma friedi (Trematoda: Echinostomatidae): experimental cercarial transmission success in sympatric snail communities

Euparyphium albuferensis and Echinostoma friedi cercarial infectivity to four species of sympatric snails was examined under single- or multiple-choice laboratory conditions to show the level of parasite-snail host compatibility. Radix peregra, Lymnaeafuscus, Physella acuta and Gyraulus chinensis act as second intermediate hosts of both parasite species although different cercarial transmission success (CTS) was observed. In single-host experiments, R. peregra and P. acuta showed a high degree of compatibility with E. albuferensis, while only P. acuta in the case of E. friedi. In two-choice snail communities, a snail with high CTS increased the values of another with low compatibility, in both parasite species. In multiple-choice snail communities, high CTS of some hosts decreased, while low CTS of other hosts increased. The degree of parasite-host compatibility of each snail species could be determined by the presence of other snails in the community.     

玉米纹枯病菌全长cDNA文库的构建与鉴定

 以玉米纹枯病菌菌丝为材料,利用In-Fusion SMARTer^TM cDNA Lib Construction Kit构建玉米纹枯病菌全长cDNA文库。文库质量鉴定结果表明,文库滴度为1.2×10⁶pfu·mL^-1,重组率为99.2%,插入片段平均长度大于1.0 kb。随机挑取400个白色克隆进行测序,共获得329个高质量EST序列,经聚类拼接后得到250条unique EST,包括36条contigs和214条singletons。在GenBank 进行Blastn 与Blastx 同源比对,有227条EST 与已知核酸或蛋白有不同程度的同源性,占全部EST 的90.8%,其余23条无任何同源性,占9.2%。     

Extensive release of an antigen associated with the sporogonic stages of myxobolus cerebralis (Myxozoa: Myxosporea) is detected by a heterologous antibody raised to Tetracapsuloides bryosalmonae (Myxozoa: Malacosporea)

Monoclonal antibody B4 (mAb B4) was previously developed to the myxozoan parasite Tetracapsuloides bryosalmonae Canning, Curry, Feist, Longshaw et Okamura, 1999, the causative agent of proliferative kidney disease of salmonids, Here we describe the reaction of mAb B4 against Myxobolus cerebralis Hofer, 1903, the parasite that causes 'whirling disease' in salmonids. Tissues examined were collected from experimentally infected rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum) and the aquatic oligochaete Tubifex tubifex (O.F. Müller), the two hosts involved in the life cycle of M. cerebralis. Paraffin sections of infected rainbow trout taken at 4 h and 3, 10, 17 and 54 days post-exposure to infective M. cerebralis actinospores were immunohistochemically stained with mAb B4. Longitudinal sections through infected T. tubifex sampled 120 days post-exposure to M. cerebralis myxospores were also examined using this method. The only phase of the M. cerebralis life cycle that expressed the mAb B4 antigen was during sporogenesis in the salmonid host. The immunohistochemical staining demonstrated that the antigen was released into the tissues surrounding the spore and sporogonic stages of the parasite. The localisation of the antigen was diffuse in the fish, suggesting that the possible effect of M. cerebralis infection is extensive through the head tissues and not limited to areas of cartilage destruction as previously thought.     

铜绿丽金龟雌虫触角全长cDNA文库的构建及质量分析

为了研究铜绿丽金龟(Anomala corpulentaMotschulsky)成虫嗅觉相关蛋白的功能,本文以铜绿丽金龟雌成虫触角为原始材料提取总RNA,利用SMART技术构建了铜绿丽金龟雌虫触角全长cDNA文库。经测定,原始文库滴度为6.74×106pfu/mL,扩增后的文库滴度为1.08×1010pfu/mL,文库重组率为98.98%。随机挑取24个单克隆,通过菌液PCR检测得知文库插入片段的大小在0.5~2.0kb之间,片段平均长度为1.0kb左右。经过菌液PCR并测序筛选cDNA文库,本试验获得了两条编码气味结合蛋白的全长基因序列AcorOBP1和AcorOBP2。以上数据表明,已获得高质量的铜绿丽金龟触角全长cDNA文库,并筛选、克隆获得了气味结合蛋白基因序列。这为进一步研究触角内气味结合蛋白的功能奠定了基础。     

链孢粘帚霉寄生核盘菌菌核差异表达基因的筛选及分析

为克隆和研究链孢粘帚霉Gliocladium catenulatum寄生核盘菌菌核的相关基因,应用抑制消减杂交技术构建了cDNA消减文库并进行了筛选。通过PCR技术从文库中共筛选到1315个阳性克隆,克隆中插入片段大小主要集中于300～600bp之间。随机挑取120个克隆,经测序和同源性分析,获得60条有效序列,其中部分序列所编码的血红素加氧酶、核糖体蛋白L11、细胞色素P450及热激蛋白等均参与机体对胁迫条件的应答反应。11条序列在NCBI数据库中未找到显著匹配的序列,可能为新基因片段。分别将寄生于核盘菌菌核上的粘帚霉cDNA和粘帚霉与核盘菌纯培养的cDNA混合物经RasⅠ酶切后进行标记作为探针,利用反向Northern杂交技术验证了所选取的25条序列全部为差异表达基因片段。     

华北大黑鳃金龟Holotrichia oblita中肠羧酸酯酶基因 HoCL1的克隆与序列分析

利用粉纹夜蛾(Trichoplusia ni)围食膜蛋白多克隆抗体,从已构建的华北大黑鳃金龟 Holotrichia oblita 中肠cDNA表达文库中筛选得到1个编码羧酸酯酶的cDNA克隆 HoCL1 ,其开放阅读框(ORF)长1 599 bp,编码532个氨基酸,推导的蛋白质分子质量为59.5 kDa,等电点(p I)为4.5。 HoCL1蛋白具有羧酸酯酶的保守结构域:1个二硫键形成的位点和1个丝氨酸活性中心,三联体催化活性中心位于Ser207、Asp333和His422上,不含有氮联糖基化位点和氧联糖基化位点,只含有3 个半胱氨酸残基。依据氨基酸序列同源性分析和保守结构域分析,HoCL1属于B类酯酶,与赤拟谷盗 Tribolium castaneum 羧酸酯酶相似性最高,为35.2%。通过与其他昆虫羧酸酯酶序列比对及构建系统发育树,发现HoCL1羧基端的氨基酸序列保守性低,但靠近N端的活性中心处的氨基酸序列则高度保守,可与赤拟谷盗、异色瓢虫 Harmonia axyridis 羧酸酯酶聚类在一起。羧酸酯酶 HoCL1 基因的克隆鉴定为进一步研究该基因在华北大黑鳃金龟体内的表达及功能奠定了基础。     

小麦条锈菌cDNA文库构建和表达序列标签(ESTs)分析

 小麦条锈菌(Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici)是全世界范围内小麦生产上的重要病原真菌, 但是对小麦条锈菌的基因组和基因功能却了解甚少。为了促进小麦条锈菌基因组学的发展和大规模基因发现, 我们以噬菌体λTrip1Ex2为载体, 采用SMART技术构建了小麦条锈菌萌发夏孢子的cDNA文库。原始文库的滴度为1.1×10⁶pfu/mL, 平均插入片段长度为750 bp。从文库中随机挑取279个cDNA克隆测序, 分析发现这些ESTs的平均GC含量为45.08%。通过聚类分析, 279个ESTs拼接成31个contigs和80 singletons。BLASTx分析表明, 47%的ESTs与GenBank中报道的功能已知或未知蛋白具有相似性。tBLASTx分析表明12个uniseqs与EST数据库中的序列具有相似性, 其中9个是来自担子菌的cDNA文库。几个EST与已知的真菌致病相关基因具有高度相似性。RT-PCR分析了几个基因在小麦条锈菌侵染过程中的表达水平。这些结果为小麦条锈菌夏孢子萌发以及侵染寄主过程中的基因表达研究奠定了很好的分子生物学基础。     

四川省小麦条锈菌耐高温性鉴定及其cDNA文库构建

近年条锈菌越夏调查发现,小麦条锈菌耐高温性增强,越夏海拔下限有所降低。本研究通过在高温(21±0.2)℃条件下接种,评价了119个来自四川省的条锈菌菌株耐高温性,并构建了耐高温菌株SC-PX1-4-3萌发夏孢子的cDNA文库。结果发现来自四川的条锈菌群体中耐高温菌株占35.3%,主要分布在成都市、凉山市、简阳市和广元市。夏孢子萌发率统计分析表明,耐高温菌株在高温条件下比温度敏感菌株具有更高的萌发率。采用SMART技术构建了耐高温菌株萌发夏孢子cDNA文库,库容为2.1×106cfu,插入片段平均多大于1.0kb。本研究结果初步明确了四川省小麦条锈菌群体中耐高温菌株组成和分布区域,不同菌株在夏孢子萌发阶段对高温的耐受性存在显著差异,为进一步研究条锈菌耐高温机制奠定基础。     

链孢粘帚霉寄生核盘菌菌核相关基因的EST生物信息学分析

链孢粘帚霉Gliocladium catenulatum是一种重要的菌寄生真菌,为了明确该菌与寄主核盘菌Sclerotinia sclerotiorum互作中参与菌寄生过程的功能基因,本实验室前期采用抑制消减杂交技术(SSH)构建了消减cDNA文库.本文从该库里随机挑选420个阳性克隆进行测序分析,结果表明克隆片段大小在200～600bp的序列占81.07%.去除载体和小于100bp的序列,获得391条有效序列,其平均长度为409bp.通过序列拼接得到181个单值基因(unigenes),其中包括27个重叠群(contigs)和154个单拷贝的ESTs(singletons).将得到的ESTs与NCBI非冗余蛋白数据库(NR)进行BLASTx分析,结果显示有38个基因的编码蛋白与已知功能的蛋白有较高的相似性,其中包括可能与生物防治功能相关的内切葡聚糖酶、脂滴包被蛋白、MFS转运蛋白、过氧化物酶等;有39条序列在NCBI数据库中未找到相似序列,可能为新基因;其他基因的编码蛋白与数据库中功能未知蛋白相似性高.本研究为明确与重寄生功能相关的基因奠定了基础.     

Sphaerospora elwhaiensis sp.n. (Myxosporea: Sphaerosporidae) from landlocked sockeye salmon Oncorhynchus nerka (Salmoniformes: Salmonidae) in Washington State, USA

A new species of sphaerosporid myxosporean, Sphaerospora elwhaiensis sp. n., is described from kidney of non-anadromous sockeye salmon (kokanee) Oncorhynchus nerka (Walbaum) from Lake Sutherland in the northern Olympic Peninsula, Washington, USA. Infection with the parasite was detected in 45% of 177 kokanee examined over 5 years. While conforming to the morphological criteria by which members of the genus are defined, the parasite is distinguished from congeners in salmonids of western North America by a unique combination of valvular sculpting of the myxospore, the relatively large size of the myxospore and monosporous development within the pseudoplasmodium. In addition, nucleotide sequences of the parasite's small and large subunit ribosomal RNA gene are unique. Phylogenetic analyses of these sequences suggested that the parasite is most closely related to freshwater Myxidium spp. and Zschokkella spp. The molecular data have provided further evidence for a polyphyletic association previously recognized among members of the genus and emphasize the need for a taxonomic revision of Sphaerospora Thélohan, 1892 and related genera.     

绿色木霉几丁质酶基因Tvchi cDNA的克隆、原核表达与活性分析

 利用RT PCR方法从绿木霉ZBS 6中扩增了几丁质酶基因Tvchi,序列分析表明Tvchi 开放阅读框为1 293 bp,编码430个氨基酸残基,Blast 分析表明,与多种木霉18家族内切几丁质酶具有较高的同源性。将该基因克隆到原核表达载体pET 28a上,转化大肠杆菌BL21(DE3),经IPTG诱导,SDS PAGE和Western印迹分析表明成功的获得了47 kD 的融合蛋白。该融合蛋白经Ni NTA柱亲和纯化,获得了纯度较高的融合蛋白Tvchi。Tvchi最适酶活温度为37℃,最适酶活pH值为6.8。表达产物对小麦全蚀病、赤霉病、纹枯病病原菌显示出较好的抑菌活性。本研究结果将为进一步研究木霉几丁质酶的应用提供了基础。     

小麦种质N9820抗白粉病的特异基因表达谱分析

小麦白粉病是由白粉菌(Blumeria graminis f.sp.tritici)引起的世界性真菌病害之一,白粉病原菌的生理小种多,毒性变异速度快,很容易造成品种抗病性的丧失。培育抗病新品种有两种基本措施,一是发现与利用新的抗病基因;二是诱导防御     

Expressed sequence tags from the phytopathogenic fungus Botrytis cinerea

A large set of genes was identified in the phytopathogenic fungus Botrytis cinerea by using an expressed sequence tag approach. The fungus was grown in axenic culture and a cDNA library was produced. From this library, 6559 ESTs were obtained. The combined sequences represent 3026 unisequences that corresponds to approximately one-quarter of the estimated total number of genes in B. cinerea. Approximately 18% of the ESTs showed significant similarities with genes coding for proteins with known functions,~56% were similar to genes coding for proteins with unknown functions and ~26% were orphans. A substantial B. cinerea gene inventory including putative virulence factors was therefore obtained and is now available at the Génoplante-Info Database interface (http://urgi.infobiogen.fr///Projects/GPiDB/Interface/).