繁殖性状的杂种优势与基因效应分析

测定杜长大三元杂交体系和斯格配套系各杂交组合的繁殖性能,计算出繁殖性状的杂种优势率;选用5个与繁殖性状紧密连锁的微卫星标记对测定个体进行基因型检测,利用混合效应线性模型计算出繁殖性状各位点的基因效应。结果表明:斯格祖代猪与父母代猪产仔数、产活仔数、断奶仔数、断奶窝重的差异均达到极显著水平(P<0.01),父母代猪与祖代猪的初生窝重差异显著(P<0.05),斯格父母代猪的产仔数、产活仔数、断奶仔数和断奶窝重与长大母猪的差异均达到极显著水平(P<0.01),斯格父母代猪与长大母猪的初生窝重差异显著(P<0.05),初生重、断奶重杂优率低,其余各性状的杂种优势率处于较高水平。显性效应在初生窝重、断奶窝重的杂种优势中起着很重要作用,加性效应是初生重和断奶重杂种优势的主要遗传学基础,产仔数、产活仔数、断奶仔数的杂种优势的产生存在上位效应。     

影响母猪产仔性能因素的分析研究

对山东省某大型种猪场2009--2010年间的1 101窝次的繁殖母猪(包括大白、长白、杜洛克3个品种)的部分繁殖性状进行统计分析,探讨品种、胎次和产仔季节等因素对母猪产仔性能的影响,并分析产仔性状间的相关性.研究结果表明,品种因素对母猪产仔性能有显著影响(P＜0.05),长白猪在窝产仔数和仔猪初生重方面均表现最好,杜洛克猪产仔数最低,但仔猪的初生重显著高于大白猪.胎次因素对母猪产仔性能也有显著影响(P＜0.05),表现为第1胎至第5胎母猪的窝产仔数逐渐增加,经产母猪的产仔数显著高于初产母猪.季节因素显著影响仔猪的初生重(P＜0.05),但对母猪的窝产仔数影响不显著.相关性分析表明,母猪的窝产仔数愈多,仔猪初生重就愈低,并且窝内仔猪初生重的离散性就愈大,即初生仔猪的均匀度愈低.     

杜洛克猪繁殖性状遗传参数估计及非遗传因素影响分析

为了对杜洛克猪繁殖性状进行遗传参数估计，并分析非遗传因素分娩季节及胎次对繁殖性状的影响，试验整理了陕西省某核心育种场2009—2020年杜洛克母猪繁殖性状数据，利用DMU软件估计各繁殖性状的遗传参数，结合R软件中aov函数对非遗传因素季节和胎次进行方差分析，研究遗传参数和非遗传因素对繁殖性状的影响。结果表明：杜洛克猪除妊娠周期为中等遗传力性状外，其余繁殖性状遗传力均在0.01～0.05之间，且总产仔数与产活仔数、健仔数、弱仔数、初生窝重之间为遗传正相关，妊娠周期与总产仔数、产活仔数、健仔数、死仔数、弱仔数、初生窝重之间呈遗传负相关。分娩胎次对杜洛克猪的总产仔数、产活仔数、健仔数、初生窝重、妊娠周期的影响达到极显著水平(P<0.01);而季节仅对死胎数、死仔数、妊娠周期3个性状具有极显著影响(P<0.01)。冬季损失的仔猪数最少，死仔数和死胎数显著低于春季、夏季、秋季(P<0.05),春季总产仔数、产活仔数、健仔数和初生窝重显著高于夏季、秋季、冬季(P<0.05),冬季妊娠周期显著长于春季、夏季、秋季(P<0.05)。分娩胎次为2胎次时的死胎数、死仔数、弱仔...     

陆川猪和大白猪胰岛素样生长因子2基因对生长性状的效应分析

试验旨在探讨陆川猪和大白猪胰岛素样生长因子2(insulin-like growth factor-2,IGF2)基因多态性与生长性状的关系,以期为猪生产性状标记辅助选择侯选基因的选择提供理论依据。采用PCR-SSCP技术,在陆川猪和大白猪群体中检测到了1个SNP位点,并将这个SNP位点与生长性状进行关联分析。结果表明,IGF2基因对陆川猪和大白猪初生重、平均日增重影响均显著(P<0.05),对断奶重的影响在大白猪上显著(P<0.05),在陆川猪上不显著(P>0.05),可作为用于育种实践的分子遗传标记。     

荣昌猪初产繁殖性状的全基因组关联研究

旨在鉴定荣昌猪初产繁殖性状的重要变异位点和基因,为荣昌猪繁殖性状的遗传改良提供重要的分子标记和基因资源。本研究选取429头荣昌母猪进行猪50K芯片基因分型,经过质量控制和基因型填充后,保留35 046个SNPs用于分析。采用主成分分析法研究群体结构,利用混合线性模型(mixed-linear model, MLM)将出生年、出生月作为固定效应,将主成分值作为协变量对总产仔数、活产仔数、死胎数和初生窝重性状进行全基因组关联分析(GWAS)。结果显示,在全基因组显著水平上鉴定出2个影响荣昌猪初生窝重的SNPs和1个影响荣昌猪死胎数的SNP;在潜在显著水平上鉴定到5个影响荣昌猪总产仔数的SNPs, 3个影响荣昌猪活产仔数的SNPs和10个影响荣昌猪死胎数的SNPs。通过全基因组关联分析筛选到1个显著的SNP(SSC17:57 315 180 bp)同时影响荣昌猪总产仔数、活产仔数和初生窝重,1个显著的SNP(SSC1:279 214 647 bp)同时影响荣昌猪活产仔数和总产仔数,暗示基因在不同性状间具有一因多效性。本研究根据候选基因的相关分子生物学功能,确定BMP7基因为影响荣昌猪总产仔数...     

嘉兴黑猪FSHβ和RFRP基因外显子多态性与繁殖性状的相关分析

本研究以128头嘉兴黑猪为实验群体,通过直接测序检测FSHβ和RFRP基因外显子单核苷酸多态性(SNP)位点,并探讨其多态性对母猪繁殖性状的影响。结果表明:在FSHβ和RFRP基因外显子中各检测到1个SNP位点。FSHβ基因在外显子2存在突变位点C1035T;RFRP基因在外显子3存在突变位点T4696C,且2个位点均存在AA、AB、BB 3种基因型;FSHβ-C1035T对嘉兴黑猪的初生窝重有显著影响(P0.05),RFRP-T4696C对初产母猪的总产仔数、产活仔数和初生窝重均有显著影响(P0.05)。综上所述,FSHβ、RFRP基因外显子多态性对嘉兴黑猪繁殖性状有一定的遗传效应,可作为潜在的遗传标记。     

胎次和分娩季节对新疆某场不同杂交模式母猪繁殖性能的影响

为研究胎次及分娩季节对不同杂交模式母猪繁殖性能的影响，本试验根据新疆某猪场2018年12月—2019年12月大约克夏、大长、长大、杜长大共8 461窝繁殖记录，统计分析胎次及分娩季节对不同杂交模式母猪总产仔数、健仔数、死胎数、畸形和初生窝重的影响。结果表明：胎次对母猪繁殖性能有显著影响，其中总产仔数、健仔数及初生窝重均随着胎次增加呈现先上升后下降的趋势，3～7胎繁殖性能较好，均在5胎达到高峰，5胎的总产仔数、健仔数及初生窝重显著或极显著高于其他胎次，死胎数10胎最高，畸形数1胎最高；春季母猪的总产仔数和健仔数最大且均高于秋季和冬季（P<0.01），夏季的初生窝重最大且均高于秋季和冬季（P<0.01），秋季母猪的产死胎数最多；4～6胎杜长大的总产仔数、健仔数和初生窝重均最高，总产仔数高于大长母猪（P<0.05），健仔数和初生窝重高于大约克夏（P<0.05）。综上所述，母猪的繁殖性状受到胎次、分娩季节和品种杂交效应的综合影响，生产中需要加强初产和8胎以上高胎龄母猪的饲养管理，并及时淘汰高胎龄母猪，以维持最佳胎次结构，并可提高母猪3～7胎龄在猪群中的占比，调整配种时间...     

长大、PIC、混血母猪繁殖性状研究

对红河州某猪场长大母猪311窝、PIC母猪138窝及当地农村饲养混血母猪753窝的繁殖性状进行测定,探讨品种、胎次和分娩季节对母猪繁殖性状的影响。结果表明,品种因素对母猪产仔性能有显著影响,长大母猪和混血母猪的总产仔数、产活仔数、初生窝重、28 d校正断奶窝重均极显著高于PIC母猪（P〈0.01）,长大母猪和混血母猪间除初生窝重、初生个体重和28 d校正断奶成活率有极显著差异（P〈0.01）外,其它指标差异均不显著（P〉0.05）。胎次因素对母猪产仔性能产生显著影响,经产母猪显著高于初产母猪（P〈0.05）,长大、PIC母猪2~8胎、混血母猪3胎以上产仔性能较好,其中长大、PIC母猪以第4胎最佳。分娩季节对PIC、混血母猪的繁殖性状无显著影响（P〉0.05）,而对长大母猪的产活仔数有显著影响（P〈0.05）。     

伊拉配套系曾祖代和祖代引进重庆后的繁殖性能测定分析

对重庆市引进的伊拉曾祖代4个系和祖代2个系开展连续3个胎次的繁殖性能测定,结果显示伊拉曾祖代C系平均窝产仔数和平均初生窝重显著高于A、B、D系(P<0.05),伊拉曾祖代D系21日龄平均窝重和35日龄平均断奶个体重显著高于A、B、C系;伊拉祖代D系平均窝产仔数、平均出生窝重、泌乳力(21日龄平均窝重)、35日龄平均断奶个体重均显著高于B系(P<0.05)。结果表明从法国引进的伊拉兔已基本适应重庆地区高温高湿的环境条件,初生窝重、初生产活仔数、断奶个体重等繁殖性能各项指标基本稳定。     

大河乌猪磷酸酯转移蛋白基因内含子4的SNPs检测及其与生产性能的关联分析

本研究旨在阐明猪磷酸酯转移蛋白(phospholipid transfer protein,PLTP)基因第4内含子多态性及其与生长性状之间的关系。结果表明,该位点具有2种等位基因A/a,F4、F5、F6各群体中的基因频率分别为0.4172/0.5828、0.4155/0.5845、0.4309/0.5691。取不同基因型纯合子样品进行测序,共发现4个单核苷酸多态位点(SNPs),其有3个突变为转换,1个为颠换,多态位点分别为1085、1192、1286和1305 bp。应用最小二乘模型分析不同基因型对生长性状(初生重、45日龄体重、4月龄体重及6月龄体重、体高、体长、管围、背膘厚)的影响。结果显示,F4代各性状基因型间差异不显著(P>0.05);F5代Aa基因型个体初生重及背膘厚显著高于AA基因型(P<0.05),与aa基因型个体间差异不显著(P>0.05);F6代aa基因型个体4月龄体重及Aa基因型个体6月龄管围都极显著高于AA基因型(P<0.01),aa基因型个体6月龄体高显著高于AA基因型(P<0.05),Aa基因型个体初生重显著高于AA基因型(P<0.05)。另外,Aa基因型的雌性个体对初生重及膘厚性状的影响较AA基因型高(P<0.05);Aa基因型雄性个体对管围性状的影响较AA基因型高(P<0.01)。研究结果提示猪PLTP基因Aa基因型对生长性状有着重要的影响,该SNP可能是改良猪经济性状的重要分子标记位点。     

白术、微米白术和白术多糖对断奶仔猪生长性能和肠道形态及微生态区系的影响

试验选用96头平均体重14.82 kg左右的杜×长×大断奶仔猪,随机分成4组,每组3栏,每栏8头(公母各半)。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验1、2、3组分别添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖和1%微米白术。试验期30 d。结果表明:在生长性能方面,与对照组相比,1%微米白术添加组可显著提高日增重(P0.05)、降低饲料增重比和腹泻率,而且效果优于1%80目白术组和0.2%白术多糖组,在肠道形态和肠道微生态区系方面,与对照组相比,日粮添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖、1%微米白术均可不同程度的提高十二指肠和空肠的绒毛高度,加深十二指肠和空肠的隐窝深度,并且增加肠道微生态区系的多样性,其中以1%微米白术添加组的效果最佳。     

Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia

Sissay, M.M., Uggla, A. and Waller, P.J., XXXX. Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. Tropical Animal Health and Production, XXXX. A 2-year abattoir survey was carried out to determine the prevalence, abundance and seasonal incidence of gastro-intestinal (GI) nematodes and trematodes (flukes) of sheep and goats in the semi-arid zone of eastern Ethiopia. During May 2003 to April 2005, viscera including liver, lungs and GI tracts were collected from 655 sheep and 632 goats slaughtered at 4 abattoirs located in the towns of Haramaya, Harar, Dire Dawa and Jijiga in eastern Ethiopia. All animals were raised in the farming areas located within the community boundaries for each town. Collected materials were transported within 24 h to the parasitology laboratory of Haramaya University for immediate processing. Thirteen species belonging to 9 genera of GI nematodes (Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus axei, T. colubriformis, T. vitrinus, Nematodirus filicollis, N. spathiger, Oesophagostomum columbianum, O. venulosum, Strongyloides papillosus, Bunostomum trigonocephalum, Trichuris ovis, Cooperia curticei and Chabertia ovina), and 4 species belonging to 3 genera of trematodes (Fasciola hepatica, F. gigantica, Paramphistomum {Calicohoron} microbothrium and Dicrocoelium dendriticum) were recorded in both sheep and goats. All animals in this investigation were infected with multiple species to varying degrees. The mean burdens of adult nematodes were generally moderate in both sheep and goats and showed patterns of seasonal abundance that corresponded with the bi-modal annual rainfall pattern, with highest burdens around the middle of the rainy season. In both sheep and goats there were significant differences in the mean worm burdens and abundance of the different nematode species between the four geographic locations, with worm burdens in the Haramaya and Harar areas greater than those observed in the Dire Dawa and Jijiga locations. Similar seasonal variations were also observed in the prevalence of flukes. But there were no significant differences in the prevalence of each fluke species between the four locations. Overall, the results showed that Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus, Nematodirus, Oesophagostomum, Fasciola and Paramphistomum species were the most abundant helminth parasites of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia.     

Internal Parasites and Haematological Values in Cattle Slaughtered in Buea Subdivision of Cameroon

Tropical Animal Health and Production -     

Phase I evaluation of CCNU (lomustine) in tumor-bearing cats

1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks.     

Chemotaxis of macrophage in inflammation

Our particular attention in this article was given to natural mediators for macrophages isolated from the sites of tissue injury. A number of chemotactic factors, which may satisfy many criteria making them acceptable as inflammatory leucocyte chemotactic factors, has been separated. Among them, our laboratory has isolated three macrophage (monocyte) chemotactic factors (MCF-a, -b and -c). Their purification, characterization and functional specificity are discussed.     

Prevalence of gastric lesions in racing Alaskan sled dogs

Human and equine athletes are reported to have a high prevalence of gastric disease, and anecdotal evidence suggests a similar phenomenon applies to racing sled dogs. To investigate the prevalence of gastric disease in racing sled dogs, we conducted 2 gastroscopy studies on dogs competing in the annual Iditarod Sled Dog Race. A pilot study of dogs that were either dropped from the 2000 Iditarod Sled Dog Race because of illness or that finished the race indicated that, approximately 5 days after competing, 10 of 28 dogs (35%) had endoscopic evidence of gastric ulceration, erosion, or hemorrhage. The next year, an endoscopic study of 73 dogs participating in the 2001 Iditarod race was performed in order to evaluate a larger population of dogs. Data from 70 of these dogs could be used; 34 (48.5%) had ulceration, erosion, gastric hemorrhage, or some combination of these findings. When this group of 70 dogs was compared retrospectively to a control group of 87 dogs presented to the Texas A&M University (TAMU) Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, the Iditarod sled dogs had a significantly higher prevalence (P = .049) of gastric lesions. These findings suggest that, similar to athletes of other species, elite canine athletes have an increased prevalence of gastric disease compared to the canine population at large.     

Y‐chromosomal variation of local goat breeds of Turkey close to the domestication centre

Genetic variations in chromosome Y are enabling researchers to identify paternal lineages, which are informative for introgressions and migrations. In this study, the male‐specific region markers, sex‐determining region‐Y (SRY), amelogenin (AMELY) and zinc finger (ZFY) were analysed in seven Turkish native goat breeds, Angora, Kilis, Hair, Honaml?, Norduz, Gürcü and Abaza. A SNP in the ZFY gene defined a new haplotype Y2C. All domestic haplogroups originate from Capra aegagrus, while the finding of Y1A, Y1B, Y2A and Y2C in 32, 4, 126 and 2 Turkish domestic goats, respectively, appears to indicate a predomestic origin of the major haplotypes. The occurrence of four haplotypes in the Hair goat and, in contrast, a frequency of 96% of Y1A in the Kilis breed illustrate that Y‐chromosomal variants have a more breed‐dependent distribution than mitochondrial or autosomal DNA. This probably reflects male founder effects, but a role in adaptation cannot be excluded.     

Furosemide continuous rate infusion in the horse: evaluation of enhanced efficacy and reduced side effects

Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses.     

Changes in proportion of canine urinary calculi composed of calcium oxalate or struvite in specimens analyzed from 1981 through 2001

The objective of this report was to characterize 20-year changes in proportion of calcium oxalate (CaOx) calculi and struvite calculi in dogs, and associations with breed, age, and sex. In this retrospective study, results of analysis of urinary calculi from dogs were reviewed for specimens received between July 1, 1981, and December 31, 2001. Breed, sex, age, year of submission of the specimen, and mineral type(s) were analyzed statistically. CaOx or Struvite or both were contained in 18,966 of 20,884 (91%) specimens. For both sexes, a 20-year statistically significant increase was observed in the proportion of calculus specimens that contained CaOx. The increase in this proportion was greater in females (1% to 31%) than in males (18% to 82%). From 1998 to 2001, when proportions may have plateaued, the odds of specimens containing CaOx were markedly higher in 18 breeds, markedly lower in 5 breeds, and not significantly different in 13 breeds compared with crossbreds. For both sexes, a 20-year statistically significant decrease was observed in the proportion of calculus specimens that contained struvite. This decrease in proportion was greater for males (79-16%) than for females (97-68%). From 1998 to 2001, when proportions plateaued, the odds of calculi containing struvite were markedly lower in 20 breeds, markedly higher in 1 breed, and not significantly different in 15 breeds when compared with crossbreds. Breed, age, and sex were associated statistically with CaOx or struvite urolithiasis. In conclusion, there appears to have been a long-term increase in the proportion of specimens of canine urinary calculi that contain CaOx as well as a long-term decrease in the proportion of specimens of calculi that contain struvite for both male and female dogs. The rate of change appeared to begin leveling off in the period 1998 to 2001. The recent proportion of dogs with either CaOx- or struvite-associated urolithiasis may depend on breed, age, and sex, and on interactions among these 3 factors.     

Smart Phone Assisted City-scale Wireless Sensor Network Deployment for Transportation System Monitoring

<正>1.INTRODUCTION Ensuring transportation network security is one Of the most daunting challenges confronting homeland security agencies today.Significant research has been dedicated.To model and analyze the vulnerability of transportation systems,while notably fewer studies propose specific strategies for deploying defensive technologies to safeguard these systems.