不同杂交组合6月龄羔羊生长及产肉效果分析

为了研究草原放牧条件下不同杂交组合后代羔羊的生长和产肉效果,以特克塞尔、白萨福克、邦德和澳洲美利奴4个国外引进品种为父本,甘肃高山细毛羊为母本开展杂交试验。羔羊生长发育观测结果表明,特甘细6月龄前各阶段的体重均明显高于其余3个杂交组合的相应体重(P0.01),断奶体重达到28.90 kg,分别比澳甘细、白萨甘细和邦甘细高20.12%、16.53%和24.14%,6月龄体重为31.24 kg,分别比以上3个杂交组合高16.26%、17.44%和9.6%。4个杂交组合的平均日增重差异不大,但哺乳期日增重明显高于断奶至6月龄阶段的日增重(P0.01),澳甘细、白萨甘细、邦甘细、特甘细哺乳期日增重分别是后期的5.21、8.58、2.71和6.46倍。屠宰性能测定结果表明,特甘细的胴体重(断奶和6月龄)、6月龄屠宰率均高于澳甘细、白萨甘细、邦甘细和甘高细(P0.01),同时5个绵羊群体的6月龄屠宰结果(胴体重和屠宰率)均低于断奶时其相应的指标,其中澳甘细、白萨甘细、邦甘细、特甘细、甘高细的6月龄胴体重比断奶时下降了10.68%、8.21%、7.67%、1.29%、7.33%。由此表明,在当地天然放牧条件下(无补饲),特克塞尔×甘肃高山细毛羊是生产羔羊肉的最优杂交组合,特克塞尔是理想的肉羊杂交父本;同时断奶出栏是春羔生产羔羊肉的最佳出栏期。     

不同品种肉羊与蒙古杂种羊杂交效果研究

通过引进5个国外优良肉用公羊为父本,以当地蒙古杂种羊为母本进行二元经济杂交,研究增重及产肉性能.结果:多赛特♂×蒙古杂种羊♀、特克赛尔♂×蒙古杂种羊♀及杜泊♂×蒙古杂种羊♀F1代哺乳期日增重较高;德美♂×蒙古杂种羊♀F1代断乳日增重、屠宰前体重较高;德美♂×蒙古杂种羊♀、多赛特♂×蒙古杂种羊♀及杜泊♂×蒙古杂种羊♀F1代胴体重、屠宰率及净肉率较高.     

甘肃高山细毛羊不同杂交组合羔羊产肉性能研究

以甘肃高山细毛羊为母本,澳洲美利奴羊、邦德羊、无角陶赛特羊、白萨福克羊、特克塞尔羊、南非美利奴羊等国外优良品种为父本,开展杂交组合试验,研究6个杂交组合F1的产羔率、羔羊生长发育和产肉性能。结果表明：在高寒牧区自然放牧条件下,6个杂交组合杂交效果均十分明显,尤其是特×甘F1表现出了良好的适应性,其羔羊初生重、断奶重、胴体重、净肉重均高于其他杂交组合,分别比甘细羔羊高0．92、5．07和4．50kg（P〈0．01）,屠宰率、净肉率也分别比甘细羔羊提高了4．62个百分点和4．95个百分点。     

甘肃河西肃南牧区不同杂交组合肥羔生产效果研究

为了探讨甘肃河西肃南牧区放牧条件下肥羔生产的优化模式,以黑头萨福克羊、特克塞尔羊和无角陶赛特羊等国外优良品种羊为父本,以当地甘肃高山细毛羊为母本,在相同管理条件下进行杂交对比试验。结果表明:黑萨甘细、特甘细和陶甘细等3个杂交组合F_1羔羊在断奶重、平均日增重和胴体重、净肉重、屠宰率等方面均高于甘高细(P0.05或P0.01);特甘细F_1羔羊在断奶重、平均日增重和胴体重、净肉重等方面均高于其他2个杂交组合及甘高细羔羊。黑头萨福克羊、特克塞尔羊、无角陶赛特羊与甘肃高山细毛羊杂交,F_1羔羊杂交优势明显,肉用性能好,可大大提高养羊业的经济效益,是肃南牧区生产优质肥羔肉的理想父本。综合增重速度、断奶体重及屠宰性能,在甘肃省肃南县皇城草原自然放牧条件下,特克塞尔羊(♂)×甘肃高山细毛羊(♀)是生产肥羔的最佳杂交组合。     

天祝县高寒牧区羔羊杂交生产和出栏时间研究

为了探讨天祝县高寒牧区优质羔羊生产的杂交模式和出栏时间,以特克塞尔×甘肃高山细毛羊杂种一代、无角陶赛特×甘肃高山细毛羊杂种一代、白萨福克×甘肃高山细毛羊杂种一代(分别简称特甘细、陶甘细、白萨甘细)和甘肃高山细毛羊纯繁羊只(简称甘高细)作为试验对象,观测4个组合羊只的周岁前体重(初生重、断奶重、6月龄重和周岁重)及断奶、6月龄和周岁时的屠宰性能。结果表明,特甘细的周岁前体重、全期平均日增重和哺乳期平均日增重均最大。羔羊的日增重在断奶前后差异很大,在哺乳期,特甘细、陶甘细、白萨甘细和甘高细的平均日增重分别为218.29g、180.17g、187.62g和156.59g,断奶后的平均日增重分别为25.16g、32.34g、29.18g和30.87g;在断奶、6月龄和周岁3个时期,特甘细的胴体重和屠宰率均高于其余3个群体。比较不同时期屠宰率和胴体重的结果发现,3个屠宰时期中羔羊的断奶屠宰率最高。6月龄时(断奶后70d),特甘细、陶甘细、白萨甘细和甘高细的胴体重分别仅比断奶胴体重增加了0.33kg、0.36kg、0.19kg和0.09kg;周岁时(断奶后255d),上述群体的胴体重分别仅比断奶胴体重增加了1.08kg、1.68kg、1.69kg和1.75kg。因此,断奶后70d(6月龄)和255d(周岁)的饲养期内,羔羊的产肉量增加十分有限,是对草场和人力资源的无效损耗。在天祝县高寒牧区的生态环境条件下,特克塞尔是甘肃高山细毛羊肉用性能杂交改良的最优父本,断奶时期(110d)是羔羊的最佳出栏时间。     

高寒牧区羔羊育肥效果分析

为了探讨高寒牧区羔羊的最优育肥模式,以澳洲美利奴×甘肃高山细毛羊杂种一代羔羊、邦德×甘肃高山细毛羊杂种一代羔羊、特克塞尔×甘肃高山细毛羊杂种一代羔羊(分别简称澳甘细、邦甘细、特甘细)和甘肃高山细毛羊纯繁羔羊(简称甘高细)作为试验对象,采用全舍饲和"放牧+补饲"2种方式进行育肥试验,观测其生长(育肥期增重、平均日增重)和屠宰(胴体重、屠宰率)性能。结果表明:不同育肥方式对羔羊的生产性能无明显影响(P>0.05),全舍饲和"放牧+补饲"下,羔羊的育肥期增重分别是9.95 kg和9.83 kg,平均日增重分别是165.88 g和163.79 g,胴体重分别是14.41 kg和14.38 kg,屠宰率分别是47.61%和47.26%。经济效益分析表明"放牧+补饲"育肥羔羊的平均效益较全舍饲高35元/只;3个杂种羔羊群体的育肥效果都好于甘高细,其中特甘细的生长和屠宰性能最好。全舍饲育肥下,特甘细的胴体重分别比澳甘细、邦甘细高2.83和2.3 kg(P<0.01);"放牧+补饲"育肥下,分别比这2个群体高0.79和0.28 kg。由此说明,"放牧+补饲"是高寒牧区羔羊育肥的最优技术,特克塞尔×甘肃高山细毛羊杂种一代羔羊是羔羊育肥的最优群体。     

无角道赛特羊和特克塞尔羊与藏系羊杂交效果

在高寒农区放牧加舍饲条件下,分别采用优良肉用无角道赛特、特克塞尔公羊与当地藏系羊杂交,利用杂交优势进行羔羊肉生产。道藏 F1和特藏 F1羔羊平均初生重分别为3.40 kg 和3.35 kg,3月龄重分别为11.45 kg 和12.32 kg,6月龄断奶重分别为28.24 kg 和27.67kg,6月龄羯羊胴体重分别为14.65 kg 和14.24kg,屠宰率分别为51.34%和51.1%,净肉率分别为76.45%和76.27%。两品种肉羊与当地藏系羊杂一代羔羊的肉用生产性能显著高于藏系羔羊(P<0.01)。     

不同杂交组合断奶羔羊肉用性能分析

为了探讨高原放牧条件下不同杂交后代的肉用品质,以白萨福克、特克塞尔、邦德、澳洲美利奴为父本,与甘肃高山细毛羊为母本杂交生产羔羊肉(分别设为Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ和Ⅳ组)。选择4个杂交组合断奶羔羊和纯种甘肃高山细毛羊断奶羔羊各5只,开展屠宰测定和肉质分析,结果表明杂交子代胴体品质明显提高,宰前活重、热胴体重、屠宰率指标明显于甘肃高山细毛羊,其中胴体品质尤以Ⅱ组最好,肉质尤以Ⅲ组最好。     

高寒牧区不同杂交组合奶羔生产效果试验

为了探讨高寒地区放牧条件下奶羔生产的优化模式,以澳洲美利奴、白萨福克、邦德、特克塞尔等国外优良品种为父本,以当地甘肃高山细毛羊为母本,开展杂交组合试验。不同杂交组合后代羔羊肉用性能观测结果表明:特甘细断奶前的体重均高于其余3个杂交组合(P<0.01),断奶平均体重达到28.90 kg,分别比澳甘细、白萨甘细和邦甘细高出20.12%、16.53%和24.14%;平均日增重最快,达到204 g;特甘细的胴体重高于其余3个杂交组合(P<0.01),澳甘细、白萨甘细、邦甘细之间差异不显著(P>0.05),但分别比甘高细高28%、27.4%和26.5%(P<0.01);4个杂交组合屠宰率均高于甘高细(P<0.01),特甘细为47.68%,高于白萨甘细和邦甘细。说明利用澳洲美利奴、白萨福克、邦德和特克塞尔改良甘肃高山细毛羊效果好,在当地自然条件下,特克塞尔改良效果最显著,特甘细是生产奶羔的最佳杂交组合。     

无角陶赛特羊和特克塞尔羊与藏系羊杂交试验

在高寒农区放牧加舍饲条件下,分别采用优良肉用无角陶赛特、特克塞尔公羊与当地藏系羊杂交,利用杂交优势进行羔羊肉生产.陶藏F1和特藏F1羔羊平均初生重分别为3.40㎏和3.35㎏,3月龄重分别为11.45㎏和12.32㎏,6月龄断奶重分别为28.24㎏和27.67㎏,6月龄羯羊胴体重分别为14.65㎏和14.24㎏,屠宰率分别为51.34%和51.1%,,净肉率分别为76.45%和76.27%,两品种肉羊与当地藏系羊杂一代羔羊的肉用生产性能显著高于藏系羔羊(P<0.01),在生产或育种方面值得推广.     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …     

鸡败血支原体垂直传播模式及其阻断方法

以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.