皖南花猪部分屠宰性状的发育性变化及性别差异

为了研究皖南花猪部分屠宰性状的发育性变化及性别差异,试验采用0,30,45,90,180日龄的皖南花猪公、母各5头进行屠宰测定。结果表明:皖南花猪的各项屠宰指标都有不同程度的发育性变化,30日龄时,肾脏重有显著增长(P0.05),其他指标都有极显著增长(P0.01);在30～45日龄阶段,胴体斜长、膘厚、皮厚、肺脏重有显著增长(P0.05),但眼肌面积、心脏重、肝脏重、脾脏重、肾脏重增长不显著(P0.05);在45～180日龄阶段,所有指标都呈现快速的增长。出生和180日龄时,屠宰指标的性别差异均不显著(P0.05);30日龄时母猪的膘厚显著大于公猪(P0.05);45日龄时,母猪的胴体斜长和肝脏、脾脏、肾脏重显著小于公猪(P0.05);90日龄时母猪的胴体斜长显著大于公猪(P0.05);皖南花猪的肌内脂肪含量较高,且在背最长肌和半腱肌有不同的发育规律。     

不同日龄皖南黑猪体重及体尺变化的研究

对皖南黑猪初生、20、30、60和90日龄的体重和体尺进行测定。统计分析结果表明,皖南黑猪的平均日增重随着日龄的增长而提高,30日龄时头长指标与体重呈显著相关,相关系数为0.852,20、30日龄时胸围指标与体重呈极显著相关,相关系数分别为0.896和0.903,以上指标可以考虑作为留种的依据。     

杜洛克公猪活体肌内脂肪含量与重要生长性状的相关性分析

为研究杜洛克公猪肌内脂肪含量与重要生长指标的相关性,试验通过B超测定了738头杜洛克公猪活体肌内脂肪以及重要的生长性状,结果表明:肌内脂肪与180日龄体重、背膘厚、眼肌面积均呈极显著正相关(P0.01),相关系数分别为0.334、0.510和0.267;眼肌面积与初生重、180日龄体重、背膘厚呈极显著正相关(P0.01),相关系数分别为0.157、0.624和0.323;背膘厚与180日龄体重呈极显著正相关(P0.01),相关系数为0.498;180日龄体重和初生重呈极显著正相关(P0.01),相关系数为0.200。研究为高肌内脂肪含量的杜洛克公猪选育提供了相关理论及数据支持。     

不同性别猪只的生长性能分析

通过对上海某猪场法系大白母猪、阉公猪和公猪各30头的饲养试验,分析3种类别的猪在40~100 kg阶段日采食量、料重比、日增重、活体背膘厚、眼肌面积、眼肌高度的差异。结果显示,料重比,阉公猪分别比母猪和公猪显著高15.05%和11.85%;日增重,阉公猪分别比母猪和公猪显著低10.77%和8.93%;活体背膘厚,公猪分别比母猪和阉公猪高13.28%和3.21%;眼肌面积,阉公猪分别比母猪和公猪高1.76%和4.71%;眼肌高度,阉公猪分别比母猪和公猪高3.25%和6.49%。阉公猪从90~100 kg体重开始采食量明显高于公猪和母猪,提示在生产上应该在阉公猪到达90 kg时尽早上市销售,或者在这一阶段到来时开始限饲以降低成本。     

美系仔猪的断奶重与肥育阶段生长性能、背膘厚和眼肌面积的关系

为了研究不同品种的美系仔猪断奶重与其40~100 kg肥育阶段日增重、料重比、校正达100 kg体重日龄、背膘厚和眼肌面积的关系,收集分析了59头杜洛克、130头长白、190头大白母猪的相关数据。结果表明:仔猪断奶重与其40~100 kg肥育阶段的日增重呈显著或极显著正相关,与料重比和校正达100 kg体重日龄呈显著或极显著负相关,而与背膘厚和眼肌面积无关。     

饲喂水平对公、母分群饲养的生长肥育猪生产性能及肉品质的影响

为了研究不同饲喂水平对生长肥育阶段公、母分群饲养的母猪和去势公猪生产性能、胴体性状及肉品质的影响,试验选用90日龄、体重(40.80±0.10)kg、健康的生长肥育猪256头,按照相同性别随机分成母猪自由采食组、母猪限饲组、去势公猪自由采食组和去势公猪限饲组,母猪限饲组喂料量是母猪自由采食组料量的90%,去势公猪限饲组喂料量是去势公猪自由采食组料量的90%。试验于188日龄时结束,分别于90,125,170,188日龄测定各试验组猪只生产性能、眼肌面积及背膘厚度。试验结束时,各组随机选取10头猪只进行屠宰并测定胴体性状及肉品质。结果表明:去势公猪自由采食组的体重、平均日采食量和平均日增重最高;母猪限饲组体重及平均日增重最低;限饲组料重比均比其相应自由采食组低;去势公猪限饲组生产性能与母猪自由采食组接近。去势公猪自由采食组在各阶段背膘厚度均为最高;母猪限饲组背膘厚度在试验各阶段显著低于其他3组(P0.05);去势公猪限饲组在188日龄时眼肌面积显著低于母猪自由采食组和公猪自由采食组(P0.05)。去势公猪自由采集组屠宰率和瘦肉率最低,板油最多,母猪限饲组瘦肉率最高,板油最少。去势公猪自由采食组肉色亮度在屠宰后1 h显著高于去势公猪限饲组(P0.05),接近PSE肉的亮度;母猪限饲组肉色红度最高,去势公猪限饲组大理石纹评分低于母猪和去势公猪自由采食组(P0.05)。说明自由采食的公、母猪增重最好,但料重比及肉质性状差于限饲的公母猪。     

新美系大白猪测定选育报告

新美系大白猪测定选育。2003年组建基础群，经过三个世代的选育测定，其主要经济性状达到和超过保种选育指标。公猪30～100kg日增重达到936g，母猪912g；100kg体重背膘厚，公猪10．6mm，母猪11．5mn2，生长到100kg体重日龄公猪152d，母猪157d，饲料报酬为2．6：1，公猪屠宰率为70．3％，眼肌面积46．57％，瘦肉率66．85％；母猪屠宰率为71．5％，眼肌面积48．6％，瘦肉率67．32％。母猪初产仔猪10．3头，二胎为11．5头，经产为12．6头，猪群氟烷基因阳性率为2．03％。开展杂交利用效果好。且将种猪推广到全国20几个省市的218个种猪场，社会效益和经济效益显著。     

双肌臀大约克猪选育与杂交利用的初步研究

双肌臀大约克第2胎母猪6窝纯繁的窝产仔、35日龄育成仔数和个体重分别为11.5头、10.83头和11.80千克,24头仔猪(12头阉公)20～105千克的育肥全期日增重、每千克增重耗料和日龄为816克、2.81千克和161.2天,6头阉公猪105千克时的胴体背膘厚、眼肌面积和瘦肉率分别为17mm、40.63cm2和65.87%;与长白公猪和长·二母猪杂交的后代各24头的育肥全期日增重、每千克增重耗料及各6头阉公猪的背膘厚、眼肌面积、胴体瘦肉率分别为810克和730克、2.88千克和3.03千克及18.83mm和20.08mm、38.5cm2和35.92cm2、64.63%和59.53%.     

皖南花猪不同头型母猪繁殖性能比较研究

皖南花猪按头型可分为狮子头型、马脸型和桩头型,为研究皖南花猪母猪不同头型母猪间的繁殖性能差异,研究通过整理安徽省皖南花猪保种场以往数据,现场记录等方法,统计皖南花猪不同头型经产母猪(370窝)的窝产仔数、窝产活仔数、初生窝重、35日龄窝断奶仔猪数和35日龄断奶窝重等繁殖性能指标,并进行比较分析。结果如下:皖南花猪马脸型母猪窝产仔数、窝产活仔数、仔猪初生窝重、35日龄断奶仔猪数、35日龄断奶窝重均显著高于狮子头型及桩头型母猪(P0.05);皖南花猪桩头型母猪在窝产仔数、窝产活仔数、仔猪初生窝重等繁殖性能上优于狮子头型母猪,但在35日龄断奶窝重这一指标中低于狮子头型母猪。研究表明皖南花猪马脸型母猪繁殖性能与狮子头型、桩头型母猪相比更为优异,为皖南花猪种质资源保护与开发利用提供了一定的参考依据。     

姜曲海瘦肉型品系亲本母猪早期体重增长及体尺变化的研究

本试验测定了姜曲海瘦肉型品系亲本母猪初生、15、30、45、60、75日龄的体重和体尺。结果表明:姜曲海瘦肉型品系亲本母猪的平均日增重随着日龄的增长而不断提高,但是相对生长率呈不断下降趋势。初生、75日龄的胸围指标与体重呈显著相关(P<0.05),而30日龄的胸围与体重呈极显著相关(P<0.01)。75日龄的体长、管围、体高、胸围各指标与体重均相关显著(P<0.05)。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …     

鸡败血支原体垂直传播模式及其阻断方法

以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.