温度胁迫对柱花草叶绿素荧光参数和光合速率的影响

为了探讨柱花草对不同温度的适应机制,以播种后40 d的幼苗为试验材料,在光照培养箱内分别用高温(36℃)处理5 d,低温(6℃)处理2 d,并以常温(25℃)处理5 d为对照,测定光合速率及叶绿素荧光参数等相关指标在不同温度胁迫下的变化。结果表明,低温处理2 d,叶绿素荧光参数的最大光化学效率(Fv/Fm)、光系统Ⅱ电子传递量子效率(Ф_PSⅡ)、光化学猝灭系数(qP) 和非光化学猝灭系数(NPQ)、叶片光合速率、叶片ATP含量及RuBPcase和FBPase活性显著降低;而高温处理5 d对其光合效率没有产生明显的抑制作用。在温度胁迫条件下,足够的ATP供应对保证柱花草的光合能力是有必要的。     

九个苜蓿品种叶绿素荧光参数与叶水势日变化研究

在田间旱作条件下,对9个苜蓿品种的叶绿素荧光参数、叶片水势及其日变化进行了观测。结果表明:不同苜蓿品种的初始荧光(Fo)、可变荧光(Fv)、PSⅡ最大光能转化效率(Fv/Fm)、光合性能指数(PI)波动趋势呈单峰曲线,均在中午出现峰值,方差分析得出Fm、Fv、Fv/Fm、Fv/Fo以及PSⅡ活性中心数(RC/ABS)均表现出极显著差异(P<0.01),基于叶绿素荧光参数参试品种聚为两大类,第一类包括准格尔苜蓿、草原2号、敖汉苜蓿、中苜1号和龙牧801,叶绿素荧光特性较优,第二类包括肇东苜蓿、甘农3号、公农1号和龙牧803,叶绿素荧光特性较差;9个苜蓿品种水势日变化较大,其中准格尔苜蓿和敖汉苜蓿叶片水势较高且较为稳定,而公农1号和肇东苜蓿叶水势较低。准格尔苜蓿、草原2号、敖汉苜蓿、中苜1号和龙牧801对环境耐受性较好,肇东苜蓿、甘农3号、公农1号和龙牧803对环境耐受性较差。     

植物生长延缓剂对金钱树抗寒性指标的影响

探讨了植物生长延缓剂多效唑和烯效唑对盆栽金钱树(Zamioculcas zamiifolia)冬季生长和抗寒性生理指标的影响。结果表明,多效唑和烯效唑均可增加金钱树小叶叶宽、叶厚及质量,增加叶片的可溶性糖含量,促进抗氧化酶活性,增强细胞的活性氧清除能力。在5℃/4℃2 d的低温胁迫过程中,植物生长延缓剂处理过的金钱树质膜相对透性及叶绿素荧光参数Fv/Fm变化幅度较对照清水处理明显减小,有助于提高金钱树的抗寒能力。     

肇东苜蓿对高温的生理响应

高温对紫花苜蓿(Medicago sativa L.)产生伤害,使其生长缓慢,易生病害,以肇东苜蓿(Medicago sativa L. cv. zhaodong)为材料,研究在0℃高温胁迫条件下叶片细胞膜相对透性、叶绿素含量、抗氧化系统和叶绿素荧光特性等生理指标的变化情况.结果表明:随高温时间的延长,肇东苜蓿叶片的细胞膜相对透性和丙二醛(MDA)含量增高,叶绿素含量、过氧化物酶(POD)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)等抗氧化系统以及叶绿素荧光Fv/Fm、Fv/Fo呈降低的变化趋势.高温下生理指标的改变,可为高温地区肇东苜蓿栽培管理和抗热苜蓿品种选育提供理论依据.     

库布齐沙地4个苜蓿品种的叶绿素荧光比较

以草原3号、康赛、皇冠和驯鹿4个苜蓿品种为材料,研究了其叶绿素荧光参数的日变化及与环境因子的相关性。结果表明:4个苜蓿品种Fo日变化呈先升后降趋势,Fv、Fm和Fv/Fm日变化呈不同规律;国外育成品种康赛、皇冠和驯鹿日平均Fo、Fv、Fm和Fv/Fm均低于国内育成品种草原3号;相关分析表明,对Fv/Fm影响显著的因子是PAR,其次是Ta、RH。     

不同叶龄拟南芥荧光参数分析及对强光的响应

采用叶绿素荧光图像分析系统,研究了野生型拟南芥（Wild Arabidopsis thaliana）Col-0不同叶龄叶片的荧光参数变化及对强光的响应。结果表明,随叶片趋于成熟或衰老,20min暗适应的最大PSⅡ光化学量子效率（Fv／Fm）,稳定作用光下的PS II有效和实际光化学效率（Fv＇／Fm＇和ФPS Ⅱ）以及...     

低温胁迫下AMF对景天三七生长和生理特性的影响

以景天三七(Sedum aizoon)为试材,接种丛枝菌根真菌(AMF)后,再进行低温处理(0℃、5℃、10℃,以25℃为对照),在低温处理2、4、6、8和10d后对生长指标和相对电导率、丙二醛(MDA)含量、抗氧化酶活性、脯氨酸(Pro)含量、可溶性蛋白含量、叶绿素含量和叶绿素荧光参数进行测定,旨在探讨低温胁迫下接种AMF对景天三七生长和生理特性的影响。结果表明,低温胁迫抑制了AMF(Glomus mosseae)对景天三七根系的侵染能力和菌根的相对依赖性。与未接种对照相比,接种AMF的景天三七在株高、根长、干鲜重等方面有明显增加,0℃低温下增长效应更明显,总干重比未接种对照增加了75.38%;低温胁迫下景天三七相对电导率、MDA含量和Pro含量随胁迫温度的下降和胁迫时间的延长而增加;超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性、过氧化物酶(POD)活性、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性和可溶性蛋白含量则呈先上升后下降的趋势;叶绿素含量和PSⅡ原初光能转化效率(Fv/Fm)呈下降趋势。与未接种对照相比,接种AMF能显著抑制低温下景天三七细胞膜透性和MDA含量的升高,显著提高景天三七体内SOD、POD和CAT的活性,诱导产生更多的可溶性蛋白和脯氨酸;提高植株体内叶绿素含量和Fv/Fm,明显缓解低温胁迫对景天三七的伤害,增强景天三七对低温胁迫的耐受性。     

高温胁迫下银杏离体枝条叶片的叶绿素荧光特性

银杏是一种重要经济树种，随着全球气温升高，高温适应性问题已经影响了其在低纬度区域的栽培。为了探明高温胁迫对银杏叶片光合过程的影响，本研究中离体银杏枝条被置于不同温度（25 ℃、30 ℃、35 ℃、40 ℃、45 ℃）下处理，随即对其叶绿素荧光参数进行监测。 结果显示：40 ℃以上高温胁迫下，银杏叶片的光系统II（PSⅡ）潜在光化学效率（Fv/Fo）、最大光化学效率（Fv/Fm）显著下降；最大荧光（Fm）、最大相对电子传递速率（rETRmax）、PSⅡ实际光化学效率（Yield）、光化学淬灭系数（qP）均显著下降；而初始荧光（Fo）和非光化学淬灭系数（NPQ）在40℃以上高温胁迫下显著上升。本研究表明，银杏离体枝条叶片光合作用对温度变化较敏感，推测高温可能伤害了光合机构，从而对光能的吸收、转换与光合电子传递都有显著的影响。银杏离体枝条叶片的叶绿素荧光动力学参数对高温的敏感性，可能有助于快速筛选和培育耐高温的银杏品种。     

外源NO对NaCl胁迫下夏枯草幼苗抗氧化能力及光合特性的影响

试验采用硝普钠(SNP)为NO供体,夏枯草幼苗为材料,研究外源0.01~0.50 mmol/L SNP对70 mmol/L NaCl胁迫下夏枯草幼苗抗氧化系统、光合参数与叶绿素荧光参数的影响。结果表明,0.05~0.10mmol/L SNP可以缓解NaCl胁迫对夏枯草幼苗造成的伤害,其中0.10mmol/L SNP缓解效果最显著,该处理显著提高了NaCl胁迫下夏枯草幼苗叶片的过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性,降低了电导率与丙二醛(MDA)的含量。显著提高了夏枯草叶片叶绿素a含量、叶绿素b含量、总叶绿素含量、净光合速率(Pn)、气孔导度(Gs)与蒸腾速率(Tr),降低了胞间CO2浓度(Ci)。叶绿素荧光动力学参数显示,0.10mmol/L SNP处理显著降低了NaCl胁迫下夏枯草幼苗的初始荧光(Fo)与非光化学荧光猝灭系数(NPQ),提高了最大荧光(Fm)、PSⅡ潜在光化学效率(Fv/Fo)、PSⅡ最大光化学效率(Fv/Fm)和PSⅡ有效光化学量子产量(Fv′/Fm′)。外源NO通过提高抗氧化酶活性,来减少脂质过氧化作用,减少光抑制对PSⅡ的破坏,提高光化学能力,增强夏枯草叶片的光合能力,从而最终提高夏枯草的抗盐能力。本试验条件下,以0.10mmol/L SNP处理效果最为显著。     

干旱胁迫对假俭草叶绿素荧光特性的影响

试验以假俭草(Eremochloa ophiuroides)的Yaan和Common品系为材料,研究了中度干旱(土壤含水量为田间最大持水量的50%)和重度干旱(土壤含水量为田间最大持水量的35%)胁迫对假俭草叶绿素荧光参数及叶绿素含量的影响。结果表明,重度干旱胁迫显著地提高了Yaan和Common叶片中类胡萝卜素含量及Common叶片中叶绿素A和叶绿素B的含量。干旱胁迫显著地降低了供试材料的最大荧光(Fm)、可变荧光(Fv)、PSII最大光化学量子产量(Fv/Fm)和PSⅡ潜在活性(Fv/Fo)及光合量子产额(Yield),而对基础荧光(Fo)、光化学猝灭系数(qP)和非光化学猝灭系数(qN)没有产生显著影响;与对照相比,在Common和Yaan品系中PSⅡ最大光化学量子产量分别下降了15%和5%,说明干旱胁迫会伤害假俭草的光系统Ⅱ。2个品系的叶绿素荧光参数对干旱胁迫的反应存在一定的差异。在重度干旱胁迫下,Common的Fo有上升趋势,而Fm显著降低;Yaan品系Fo呈下降趋势,Fm无显著变化。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …     

鸡败血支原体垂直传播模式及其阻断方法

以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.