江苏省响水县优质稻米产业发展的制约因素与对策

对江苏省响水县优质稻米生产优势和稻米生产现状进行简要概述,从农村劳动力短缺、农田基础设施差、种植效益低下、粮食流通体制不畅、施肥存在盲目性五个方面详细分析了优质稻米产业发展的不利因素障碍,提出了改善基础设施、加强优质稻米品种的示范与推广、推广应用优质稻米绿色保优栽培技术、建设优质稻米生产基地、发展品牌战略等五个方面的发展对策,为响水今后优质稻米产业的发展提供支撑。     

衡阳市无公害优质稻米生产现状与产业化开发对策

根据衡阳市优质稻生产、粮食加工企业、农田生态环境的现状，提出了建设无公害优质稻谷生产基地，严格按照无公害优质稻米的要求进行加工生产，全面监控确保无公害优质稻米品质，防治结合改善农业生态环境，加强宣传提高全民农业环境保护意识，切实加强领导、部门通力协作的促进无公害优质稻米产业化开发的对策。     

强力推进链式开发 做大做强稻米产业

淮安是江苏省优质稻米的主要产区,也是中国稻博会的发源地。近年来,淮安市以产业化链式开发为主线,按照“品种优质化、基地规模化、生产安全化、加工精深化、产品品牌化、市场多元化”的思路,大力推进优质稻米产业化链式开发,初步形成了“市场牵龙头,龙头连基地,基地带农户”的产业化经营格局,优质稻米的市场竞争力和综合效益不断提升。本文对淮安市建设规模特色基地、强化品种技术支撑、搭建展示展销平台、组建协会整合品牌、壮大龙头加工企业等推进优质稻米产业链式开发的做法进行了总结介绍。     

寒地绿色优质稻米生产技术要点

发展绿色优质稻米是适应人民生活水平提高的需要,建立完善的绿色优质稻米生产基地,掌握绿色优质稻米的生产与加工技术是发展绿色优质稻米的保障。文章重点介绍了生产绿色优质稻米的栽培要点及操作规程,提出选择优质品种是前提,旱育稀植培育壮苗是基础,科学的本田管理是保证,并对绿色优质稻米的开发进行总结和展望。     

伊犁河谷水稻生产发展现状与对策

针对伊犁河谷水稻生产发展的现状和存在的问题,分析了发展优质稻米的优势,结合实际提出加大优质稻新品种选育和推广力度;优化区域布局,加强优质稻米基地建设;抓好优质稻栽培技术的推广应用;加强优质种子生产和经营管理;扶持龙头企业,实现企业规模化生产,促进优质稻生产的产业化经营等发展优质稻米生产的思路与对策。     

浅谈绿色优质粳米生产与加工技术

提出生产绿色稻米对生产基地、环境质量、农田及农事管理的要求,并重点阐述了绿色优质稻米栽培要点和操作规程及绿色优质粳米加工技术。     

杂交水稻优质无公害栽培技术浅析

根据山区生产的稻米品质较优的实际情况,结合水稻优质栽培技术,提出了生产优质无公害稻米必须注意的几个环节.     

影响水稻品质的因素分析

高产优质的稻米生产已成为水稻发展的必然趋势。本文介绍了优质稻米的标准,从遗传因素、生态环境、栽培管理等方面阐述了影响稻米品质的主要因素及解决方法,为稻米品质的提高提出了可行性建议和意见。     

盘锦市优质水稻生产形势与分析

根据盘锦市所处的地理位置及水稻生产现状,综合分析了盘锦优质稻米开发的主要优势及稻米产业发展在稳产性、生产方式及市场竞争力等方面存在的问题。提出了盘锦市优质水稻产业开发的基本思路,把优化区域布局、实行标准化栽培及实施名牌战略作为工作重点,阐述了稻米生产在高产与优质、品种与栽培、品种引进与推广等方面的具体保障措施。     

浅谈绿色优质粳米生产与加工技术

提出生产绿色稻米对生产基地、环境质量、农田及农事管理的要求，并重点阐述了绿色优质稻米栽培要点和操作规程及绿色优质粳米加工技术。     

Factors in the Reduction in Grain Number in Winter Wheat by Early-Sowing in Yamaguchi

Abstract

Grain number per spike of wheat is lower in early sowing than in the conventional standard cultivation in Yamaguchi, Prefecture, Japan. Components of the grain number per spike in five cultivars were analyzed with respect to temperature during the spike development period throughout three growing seasons 2001/2002, 2002/2003 and 2003/2004 to find the cause of the problem of early sowing cultivation. The plants sown in early-October and late-November were called the early sown group and the standard group, respectively, in the following. Three of the five cultivars, Hokushin, Akitakko and Nanbukomugi, showed a strong winter habit, which requires very cold temperatures for spike differentiation. The other two cultivars, Iwainodaichi and Airakomugi, had a moderate winter habit. Grain number per spike and grain yield were decreased by early-sowing (compare with the standard group) in almost all cultivars throughout the three growing seasons. The three cultivars which had a strong winter habit had fewer spikelets per spike in the early-sown group than in the standard group. The other two cultivars which had a moderate winter habit had fewer grains per spikelet in the early-sown group. The higher the temperature during the spikelet formation phase, which is from flag leaf initiation to terminal spikelet initiation, the higher the number of spikelets per spike in the standard group. The spikelet number per spike in the early-sown group increased with the increase in productive tillers under fertile conditions. Such conditions also increased the grain number per spike.     

Allelopathy in Agroecosystems in Spain

Summary

This paper reviews the effects of allelopathic interactions in agroecosystems in Spain on plant physiological activity and their ecological advantages. The phenological stage of growth of donor plants and the effective allelochemicals in the soil solution while studying the role of phenolic compounds were highlighting. Finally possible future prospects and conclusions regarding weed control by allelochemi-cals under integrated crop management strategies are discussed.     

2009年中国稻米市场分析及2010年展望

以翔实的资料对2009年中国稻米生产、消费、进出口、供求平衡、库存、价格走势、购销政策和国际稻米供求等情况进行了全面地分析,对影响2010年稻米市场价格走势的各种因素进行了深入研究,并在此基础上对2010年我国稻米市场价格走势进行了预测,结论是我国稻米价格仍呈上行趋势。     

Diurnal changes in net photosynthetic rate in potato in two environments

Summary Diurnal changes in net photosynthetic rate were measured in a furrow-irrigated potato crop and in a riverbed crop where the water table was always maintained at 20–28 cm from the soil surface. In the irrigated crop, the photosynthetic rate during mid-afternoon was about half the peak rate observed at noon. This reduction was accompanied by a near tripling of stomatal resistance, a 45% reduction in transpiration, and a 5-fold increase in the difference between leaf and air temperatures. No such changes were observed in the riverbed crop where the photosynthetic rate remained nearly constant at about 0.9 mg m⁻² s⁻¹ between 9 a.m. and 4 p.m. Tuber yield in the riverbed crop was about 30% higher than in the irrigated crop.     

我国干热区甘蔗抗旱植蔗主要问题研讨

我国干热蔗区是我国甘蔗糖业的重要生产基地,蔗区光热资源丰富,唯降水分布不均成为植蔗生产的主要限制因子;根据蔗区植蔗特点和甘蔗需水规律,苗期抗旱是干热蔗区抗旱植蔗的关键,保证较多的总苗数和足够的生长量是苗期抗旱植蔗需解决的关键技术难题,制定相应的苗期抗旱植蔗栽培技术措施是解决该难题的重要保障;该观点为我国干热蔗区植蔗生产、甘蔗引育种提供理论和技术支持。     

Advances in Variable Rate Technology Application in Potato in The Netherlands

Precision agriculture is a farming management concept based on observing, measuring and responding to inter- and intra-field variability in crops. In this paper, we focus on responding to intra-field variability in potato crops and analyse variable rate applications (VRAs). We made an overview of potential VRAs in potato crop management in The Netherlands. We identified 13 potential VRAs in potato, ranging from soil tillage to planting to crop care to selective harvest. We ranked them on availability of ‘proof of concept’ and on-farm test results. For five VRAs, we found test results allowing to make a cost-benefit assessment. These five VRAs were as follows: planting, soil herbicide weed control, N side dress, late blight control and haulm killing. They use one of two types of spatial data: soil maps or biomass index maps. Data on costs and savings of the VRAs showed that the investments in VRAs will pay off under practical conditions in The Netherlands. Savings on pesticide use and N-fertilizer use with the VRAs were on average about 25%, which benefits the environment too. We foresee a slow but gradual adoption of VRAs in potato production. More VRAs will become available given ongoing R&D. The perspectives of VRAs in potatoes are discussed.     

棉花体细胞无性系变异的研究进展

体细胞无性系变异是一种重要的细胞工程育种技术,其应用于棉花育种的前提是建立高效的组织培养诱导再生植株体系.本文简要综述了棉花离体诱导植株再生研究的现状,重点讨论了棉花体细胞无性系变异的表现、利用方法及机理,提出了当前研究存在的问题并对今后的研究进行了展望.     

我国高粱育种研究进展

对我国高粱育种的主要途径和研究方向进行了概述,针对目前高粱产量徘徊现象,提出了高粱超高产育种设想,并对其技术路线进行了探讨。