菊花CgF3’H基因克隆及表达特性分析

根据菊花花器官表达序列标签序列设计引物,采用PCR和5’-RACE技术对类黄酮3'-羟化酶(F3’H)基因进行全长cDNA克隆.克隆获得F3'H cDNA全长为1 760 bp,其开放阅读框(ORF)为1 524 bp,编码一条包含508个氨基酸残基的多肽,GenBank登录号为AB523844.预测该基因编码的蛋白分...     

强旱生植物沙冬青AmERF基因的克隆及生物信息学研究

为了分离克隆强旱生植物沙冬青的ERF基因,研究其结构和功能,在已对沙冬青cDNA文库和EST分析的基础上,设计了1对特异性引物,利用PCR技术分离克隆了1个沙冬青ERF基因.该基因全长899 bp,没有内含子,开放阅读框633 bp,编码211个氨基酸,编码的蛋白理论MW=23 216.0,理论pI=8.20.     

Aspergillus niger 乳糖酶基因的克隆及序列分析

利用PCR及RT-PCR技术从黑曲霉(Aspergillus niger)菌株DL116中克隆到了乳糖酶基因组DNA，cDNA序列(GENBANK ACCESSION No.EF103141)。序列分析表明，乳糖酶基因组DNA序列长3368bp，其中含有8个内含子，cDNA编码区长2967bp，共编码988个氨基酸，氨基酸序列中共含有12个潜在的糖基化位点。并将此基因与不同来源的乳糖酶基因进行了同源性比较     

两个陆地棉过氧化物酶cDNA的克隆和鉴定

从陆地棉优质材料7235不同发育时期的棉纤维混合cDNA文库中分离出2个与过氧化物酶相关的cDNA克隆GhPOD1和GhPOD2。GhPOD1是利用5’RACE技术得到的长度为1 489 bp的完整cDNA序列,开放读码框长度为816 bp,编码271个氨基酸,BLAST结果表明,该基因和拟南芥中已报道的过氧化物酶基因同源性最高。GhPOD2是通过对cDNA克隆直接测序获得,其插入片段长度为1 355 bp,开放读码框长度为999 bp,编码332个氨基酸,BLAST结果表明,该cDNA序列与已报道的1个陆地棉纤维过氧化物酶基因（pod8, L08199）氨基酸相似性达99％。RT－PCR分析表明GhPOD1是一个组成性表达的基因,而GhPOD2在根中不表达,而在茎、叶、胚珠和纤维细胞中表达,并从开花后14 d起,在纤维细胞中表达量逐渐减弱。进化树分析显示GhPOD1与已知的11个过氧化物酶基因距离都较远,是1个新的陆地棉过氧化物酶基因;GhPOD2与相似性高的pod8在同一分支,但与其余的第3类过氧化物酶也有较大的差异。Southern杂交结果表明这两个基因在陆地棉基因组中都存在2个拷贝,推测A、D亚组中各有1个拷贝。GhPOD1和GhPOD2的棉花转基因功能验证正在进行。     

红鳍东方 SREBP-1和 SREBP-2基因克隆及表达分析

为了研究红鳍东方 SREBP-1和 SREBP-2基因的功能及在脂肪代谢中的分子机制，从红鳍东方脂肪组织提取总 RNA，反转录获得 cDNA 模板，利用设计的引物 PCR 扩增获得 SREBP-1和 SREBP-2开放阅读框（ORF）， SREBP-1基因 ORF 区的 cDNA 序列长度为3330 bp，编码1109个氨基酸，SREBP-2基因 ORF 区的 cDNA 序列为3444 bp，编码1147个氨基酸。实时荧光定量 PCR 检测 SREBP-1基因在红鳍东方不同组织中的表达特征，结果表明， SREBP-1在脑组织中表达丰度最高，其次为眼、脂肪组织、肠、鳃、脾脏、心脏及肝脏，在肌肉中表达丰度最低。将SREBP-1连接到原核表达载体 pET32a 上，利用 IPTG 对重组质粒 pET32a-SREBP-1在大肠杆菌 Rosetta（DE3）进行诱导表达，SDS-PAGE 电泳显示在141 kDa 处有特异性的条带出现。     

海带lhcf4基因克隆和配子体差异表达研究

根据糖海带(Laminaria saccharina)光捕获蛋白基因lhcf4的cDNA全长序列(GenBank登录号:AF226860)设计引物,通过RT-PCR方法获得海带(Saccharina japonica)配子体lhcf4基因的cDNA全长序列,共1042 bp,编码一个含218个氨基酸的前体蛋白LHCF4...     

小麦脂质转运蛋白cDNA结构及相应肽链构造特征的分析

根据测序获得的1条261 bp cDNA片段,通过电子延伸、设计引物,从小麦Mardler/7*百农3217(Pm2)的cDNA中扩增获得1条651 bp的cDNA片段,通过同源比对发现其包含小麦LTP1 完整的编码序列.该片段包含基因的5'非翻译区42 bp,3'非翻译区261 bp,开放阅读框348 bp,编码115个氨基酸.预计蛋白的分子量为11.2 kD,等电点为9.46.此基因有8个位置保守的半胱氨酸(C)残基及25个氨基酸的信号肽,为典型的植物脂质转运蛋白基因.其基因序列数据库(GenBank)登录号为AY796184(基因)和AAV65513(蛋白).通过疏/亲水性分析,发现肽链分子具有较大范围的疏水面.     

全明星草莓乙烯受体Etr1基因克隆及序列分析

克隆了与草莓成熟有关的乙烯受体Etr1基因片段,为进一步研究Etr1基因功能并通过基因技术改善草莓贮运性能奠定基础.以全明星草莓成熟果实中分离到得基因组DNA为模板,经PCR扩增到一条约600 bp的特异片段,将该片段克隆到pEGM-T easy vector上经测序分析,基因全长617 bp,编码205个氨基酸.序列分析结果表明,该序列与Chandler-Etr1的cDNA序列同源性98%,氨基酸序列同源性97%.     

夜来香LIS基因的克隆与表达分析

为了研究夜来香生物钟和花香代谢机制,本研究以夜来香花瓣为材料,利用PCR技术,从中获得了夜来香LIS基因的全长cDNA,并命名为CnLIS。生物信息学分析结果表明:该cDNA序列全长为1 800 bp,编码560个氨基酸,其中ORF为1 683 bp,5'UTR为56 bp,3'UTR为61 bp;该序列编码的氨基酸序列与软枣猕猴桃、温州蜜柑LIS基因的同源性分别为55%、50%,属于类异戊二烯合成C1超级家族。实时荧光定量PCR分析结果表明,0~12 h CnLIS表达水平较低,16 h后表达量明显上调,20 h表达量达最大,随后表达量急剧下降,其表达量随花瓣开放与闭合呈节律性变化。推测CnLIS可能参与夜来香香气形成,调控花香形成过程,同时,该基因的表达可能受生物钟基因所调控。     

疣粒野生稻金属硫蛋白(OMMT-2)基因的获得及序列分析

从疣粒野生稻叶片cDNA文库中分离出1个金属硫蛋白基因的cDNA序列,命名为OMMT-2。该基因全长532bp,其中5’非翻译区为111bp,3’非翻译区171bp,开放阅读框长249bp,编码82个氨基酸,该蛋白的分子量为7775.9,理论等电点为6.49;基因编码的氨基酸含有14个半胱氨酸(Cys),占了总氨基酸的17.07%,且集中分布在肽链的N端和C端,呈CXC和CXXC排列方式。疏水性分析表明,该蛋白在43~56个氨基酸之间有较强的疏水区。通过氨基酸序列分析表明,金属硫蛋白中半胱氨酸的位置和数目有较强的保守性,揭示了半胱氨酸对金属硫蛋白的功能十分重要。     

Location of a high-lysine gene and the DDT-resistance gene on barley chromosome 7

Summary The high-lysine gene in Risø mutant 1508 conditions an increased lysine content in the endosperm via a changed protein composition, a decreased seed size, and several other characters of the seed. The designation lys3a, lys3b, and lys3c, is proposed for the allelic high-lysine genes in three Risø mutants, nos 1508, 18, and 19. Linkage studies with translocations locate the lys3 locus in the centromere region of chromosome 7. A linkage study involving the loci lys3 and ddt (resistance to DDT) together with the marker loci fs (fragile stem), s (short rachilla hairs), and r (smooth awn) show that the order of the five loci on chromosome 7 from the long to the short chromosome arm is r, s, fs, lys3, ddt. The distance from locus r to locus ddt is about 100 centimorgans.     

A note on the origin of Kalanchoë x vadensis Boom & Zeilinga (Crassulaceae)

Summary K x vadensis is a hybrid of K. blossfeldiana and K. marmorata obtained after doubling the number of chromosomes.     

Simultaneous Determination of Four Phenolic Acids in Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae Formula Granules by QAMS

[Objectives]This study aimed to establish a QAMS(quantitative analysis of multi-components by single-marker)method for simultaneous determination of four phenol...     

Avoidance of leaf rust fungi in wild relatives of cultivated cereals

Summary Avoidance of rust fungi that was based on poor appressorium induction was previously found in Hordeum chilense. In the present study 95 accessions of Triticeae were screened for avoidance of Puccinia hordei. The percentage of appressorium formation per germinated spore ranged from 6 to 90%. On none of the 41 accessions of Aegilops, Agropyron, Elymus, Secale, Thinopyrum or Triticum studied was the rate of appressorium formation lower than 25%. Lower rates of appressorium formation were, however, found on accessions of wild barley species Hordeum brachyantherum, H. marinum, H. parodii and H. secalinum. Its implications in cereal breeding are discussed.     

Present status and future strategy in breeding faba beans (Vicia Faba L.) for resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses

Progress is being made, mainly by ICARDA but also elsewhere, in breeding for resistance to Botrytis, AScochyta, Uromyces, and Orobanche; and some lines have resistance to more than one pathogen. The strategy is to extend multiple resistance but also to seek new and durable forms of resistance. Internationally coordinated programs are needed to maintain the momentum of this work.Tolerance of abiotic stresses leads to types suited to dry or cold environments rather than broad adaptability, but in this cross-pollinated species, the more hybrid vigor expressed by a cultivar, the more it is likely to tolerate various stresses.     

Water Extraction Process of Chinese Herbal Compound Man Gan Ning

[Objectives]To optimize the water extraction process of Chinese Herbal Compound Man Gan Ning and establish a method for its extraction and content determination...     

Cytoplasmic male sterility,resistance to gall mite and mildew,and season of leafing out in black currants

Summary Cytoplasmic male sterility (cms) is described in the F₁ hybrids Ribes × carrierei (R. glutinosum albidum × R. nigrum) and R. sanguineum × R. nigrum. In backcrosses to R. nigrum, progenies with R. glutinosum cytoplasm were either all male sterile, or segregated for full male fertility (F) and complete (S) and partial (I) male sterility. Ratios of F:I+S suggested that two linked genes controlled cms, F plants being dominant for one (Rf ₁) and recessive for the other (Rf ₂).Segregation for cms in relation to three linded genes, Ce (resistance to the gall mite, Cecidophyopsis ribes), Sph ₃(resistance to American gooseberry mildew, Sphaerotheca mors-uvae) and Lf ₁(one of two dominant additive genes controlling early season leafing out) indicated that Rf ₁and Rf ₂were in this linkage group. The gene order and approximate crossover values appeared to be: % MathType!MTEF!2!1!+-% feaafiart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn% hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXafv3ySLgzGmvETj2BSbqef0uAJj3BZ9Mz0bYu% H52CGmvzYLMzaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqr1ngBPrgifHhDYfgasa% acOqpw0xe9v8qqaqFD0xXdHaVhbbf9v8qqaqFr0xc9pk0xbba9q8Wq% Ffea0-yr0RYxir-Jbba9q8aq0-yq-He9q8qqQ8frFve9Fve9Ff0dme% aabaqaciGacaGaamqadaabaeaafaaakeaacaWGdbGaamyzamaamaaa% baGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGWaGaaiOlaiaacgdacaGG0aGaaiiiaiaacc% caaaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaamOuaiaadAgaliaaigdakmaamaaa% baGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaaccdacaGGUaGaaiOmaiaacs% dacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaaaacaWGsbGaamOzaSGa% aGOmaOWaaWaaaeaacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacc% cacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccaaaGaamitaiaadAgaliaaigdakmaamaaa% baGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacc% cacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaaaaiaadofacaWGWbGaamiAaSGa% aG4maaaa!6E4D!\[Ce\underline { 0.14 } Rf1\underline { 0.24 } Rf2\underline { } Lf1\underline { } Sph3\]. Crossover values of 0.36 for Ce-Lf ₁, and 0.15 for Lf ₁-Sph ₃were estimated from the relative mean differences in season of leafing out between seedlings dominant and recessive for Ce and Sph ₃.It is suggested that competitive disadvantage of lf ₁-carrying gametes and/or zygotes at low temperatures may be implicated in the almost invariable deficit of plants dominant for the closely linked mildew resistance allele Sph ₃. Poor performance of lf ₁- (and possibly lf ₂-) carrying gametes and young zygotes during periods of low temperature at flowering might also account for the liability of some late season cultivars and selections to premature fruit drop (running off).     

Optimization of Extraction Technology and Determination of Content of Total Phenols of Leaves in Acanthopanax giraldii Harms

[Objectives] To determine the optimum extraction technology for total phenols of leaves in Acanthopanax giraldii Harms.[Methods]The single factor test and ortho...     

Pollen and pollination experiments. III. The viability of apple and pear pollen as affected by irradiation and storage

Summary Apple and pear pollen was irradiated with doses of 0, 50, 100, 250 and 500 krad (gamma rays) and stored at 4°C and 0–10% r.h. From the in-vitro germination percentages an average LD 50 dose of about 220 krad was estimated. For both irradiated and untreated pollen a close and corresponding lineair relationship existed between germination percentage and pollen tube growth.Irradiated pollen was much more sensitive to dry storage conditions than untreated pollen, resulting in less germination and more bursting. Apparently, irradiation caused the pollen cell membrane to lose its flexibility faster than normal. Rehydration of dry-stored, irradiated pollen in water-saturated air restored germination percentages up to their initial levels. The importance of this procedure in germination trials is stressed.     

Screening techniques and sources of resistance to parasitic angiosperms

Parasitic angiosperms cause great losses in many important crops under different climatic conditions and soil types. The most widespread and important parasitic angiosperms belong to the genera Orobanche, Striga, and Cuscuta. The most important economical hosts belong to the Poaceae, Asteraceae, Solanaceae, Cucurbitaceae, and Fabaceae. Although some resistant cultivars have been identified in several crops, great gaps exist in our knowledge of the parasites and the genetic basis of the resistance, as well as the availability of in vitro screening techniques. Screening techniques are based on reactions of the host root or foliage. In vitro or greenhouse screening methods based on the reaction of root and/or foliar tissues are usually superior to field screenings and can be used with many species. To utilize them in plant breeding, it is necessary to demonstrate a strong correlation between in vitro and field data. The correlation should be calculated for every environment in which selection is practiced. Using biochemical analysis as a screening technique has had limited success. The reason seems to be the complex host-parasite interactions which lead to germination, rhizotropism, infection, and growth of the parasite. Germination results from chemicals produced by the host. Resistance is only available in a small group of crops. Resistance has been found in cultivated, primitive and wild forms, depending on the specific host-parasite system. An additional problem is the existence of pathotypes in the parasites. Inheritance of host resistance is usually polygenic and its transfer is slow and tedious. Molecular techniques have yet to be used to locate resistance to parasitic angiosperms. While intensifying the search for genes that control resistance to specific parasitic angiosperms, the best strategy to screen for resistance is to improve the already existing in vitro or greenhouse screening techniques.