4种单胞藻对卤虫生长和生殖影响的比较研究

以亚心形扁藻、小球藻、湛江等鞭金藻、绿色巴夫藻为饵料,卤虫为投喂对象,建立五个实验组分别进行研究,观察不同饵料对卤虫生长和生殖的影响,结果表明:投喂亚心形扁藻的卤虫生长最快,成活率高,生殖量也最多,其次为绿色巴夫藻组,湛江等鞭金藻的饵料效果最差.混合4种单胞藻投喂的效果也较好.     

珠母贝浮游幼虫饵料的研究

研究了湛江等鞭金藻、等鞭金藻OA-3011、亚心形扁藻、小球藻、绿色巴夫藻、面包酵母、光合细菌单独及多种混合投喂对珠母贝浮游幼虫生长、存活和变态的影响.结果表明:单独投喂时湛江等鞭金藻、等鞭金藻OA-3011效果最好,幼虫壳长93 μm时可投喂亚心形扁藻,小球藻、绿色巴夫藻、面包酵母、光合细菌不宜单独投喂;直线铰合期、壳顶幼虫的最适日投饵量扁藻为2 400cell/mL和5 000 cell/mL,湛江等鞭金藻为3 000 cell/mL和5 500 cell/mL,光合细菌为10 000 cell/mL和15 000cell/mL湛江等鞭金藻、亚心形扁藻、光合细菌和绿色巴夫藻混合投喂对浮游幼虫生长、存活和变态有显著提高,出现壳初、眼点、附着和变态时间显著缩短.     

四种微藻对缢蛏稚贝暂养效果研究

采用实验生态学方法研究了小球藻、牟氏角毛藻、绿色巴夫藻和亚心形扁藻对缢蛏稚贝的暂养效果.结果表明:在20 d的实验时间内,4种单胞藻对缢蛏稚贝的暂养成活率为小球藻(0.91±0.05)＞亚心形扁藻(0.80±0.06)＞牟氏角毛藻(0.79±0.05)＞绿色巴夫藻(0.76±0.09),方差分析表明终末成活率并无显著性差异(P＞0.05).4组稚贝的仞始壳长无显著性差异(P＞0.05),但最终壳长差异显著(P＜0.05),就日生长率而言,绿色巴夫藻明显高于小球藻和亚心形扁藻(P＜0.05).牟氏角毛藻和小球藻之间差异显著(P＜0.05),其他各组问差异不显著(P＞0.05).因此,绿色巴夫藻和牟氏角毛藻对缢蛏稚贝的暂养效果优于小球藻和亚心形扁藻.     

几种饵料对华贵栉孔扇贝浮游幼虫生长和成活率的影响

研究了湛江叉鞭金藻、亚心形扁藻、小球藻、干酵母、湛江叉鞭金藻与干酵母、湛江叉鞭金藻与亚心形扁藻对华贵栉孔扇贝幼虫生长和成活的影响。试验结果表明,投喂金藻和亚心形扁藻混合组生长速度最快,投喂金藻和酵母组次之,单独投喂小球藻和亚心形扁藻时生长速度最差。投喂酵母组成活率最高。     

介绍培养轮虫的一种方法

对虾幼体进入溞状幼体三期以后,饵料成了育苗的关键,因此,培养一种小型的动物性饵料,就显得很重要。几年来,我们在工作实践中,用褶皱臂尾轮虫培养对虾幼体取得了很好的效果,现将培养褶皱臂尾轮虫(以下简称轮虫)的方法介绍如下:首先要培养好褶皱臂尾轮虫的饵料。单胞藻的扁藻、盐藻、小球藻等绿藻是轮虫的主要饵料,以扁藻为最好。当水温上升到15℃左右时,我们在有上列几种藻种的土池里进行肥水繁殖,施氮肥10ppm(未施磷肥)、在4日30日到5月18日间共施肥4次,同时也施少量人粪。     

在人工海水条件下，利用面包酵母培养褶皱臂尾轮虫（Brachionus plicatilis）的研究

在充气、以面包酵母为饵料、盐度为20的条件下,进行人工海水培养褶皱臂尾轮虫的实验。结果表明,不同人工海水中,用速溶海水晶配制成的海水和自然海水稀释的海水培养褶皱臂轮虫的效果明显地优于粗盐配制的;用速溶海水晶配制成的海水培养褶皱臂尾轮虫时,最大密度能达1710个／ml。不同营养强化剂中,绿色巴夫藻、扁藻以及胶囊肝油 蛋黄的效果较好。添加剂4ppm氯霉素时,培养褶皱臂尾轮虫的效果较好。     

黄边糙鸟蛤幼虫对9种单胞藻的摄食与消化研究

为确定黄边糙鸟蛤(Trachycardium flavum)幼虫生长发育时期的合适饵料,研究了幼虫对9种单胞藻的摄食与消化效果。用浓度为105个·m L-1的9种单胞藻分别饲喂2、6、10、14和18日龄幼虫,1 h后观察幼虫摄食情况,对已摄食单胞藻的幼虫过滤冲洗后转移至过滤海水中观察其消化效果。结果表明,幼虫在所有日龄都能摄食小球藻(Chlorella vulgaris)、微绿球藻(Nannochloropsis oculata)、绿色巴夫藻(Pavlova viridis)、湛江叉鞭金藻(Dicrateria zhanjiangensis)和球等鞭金藻(Isochrysis galbana),6日龄开始摄食杜氏盐藻(Dunaliella salina),14日龄摄食亚心形扁藻(Platymonas subcordiformis)和三角褐指藻(Phaeodactylum tricornutum),18日龄摄食牟氏角毛藻(Chaetoceros muelleri);但对小球藻和微绿球藻较难消化,水体中单胞藻投喂过多使单胞藻不消化或不完全消化。因此,在幼虫培育中应选择容易摄食和消化的绿色巴夫藻、湛江叉鞭金藻和球等鞭金藻作为开口饵料并遵循少量多次的投喂原则。     

微藻饵料对紫海胆浮游幼体生长及存活影响的研究

文章采用湛江叉鞭金藻(Dicrateria zhanjiangensis)、纤细角毛藻(Chaetoceros gracilis)、绿色巴夫藻(Pavlova viridis)、扁藻(Platymonas subcordiformis)、小球藻(Chlorella vulgaris)及混合藻(金藻和角毛藻1∶1混合)投喂紫海胆(Anthocidaris crassispina),研究了微藻饵料对紫海胆浮游幼体生长发育的影响。结果表明,不同饵料对紫海胆浮游幼体生长发育的效果有差异,金藻是最佳饵料品种,角毛藻次之,其后分别为巴夫藻、小球藻和混合藻,扁藻不适于作为紫海胆浮游幼体的开口饵料。就饵料种类而言,金藻作为紫海胆浮游幼体饵料的成活率可达(23.12±1.8)%,显著高于其他单胞藻类(P<0.05)。就发育速度而言,以角毛藻和金藻混合喂食的海胆浮游幼体整体发育速度最快,幼体平均体长为(885.25±30.49)μm,显著高于其他5种处理(P<0.05);投喂巴夫藻的浮游幼体前期生长较慢,体长为(337.98±24.56)μm,后期较其他单胞藻类生长快,体长可达(580±32.95)μm,适宜作为紫海胆浮游幼体后期饵料。     

江苏沿海贝类育苗中单胞藻培养的实用技术

正单胞藻,即单细胞藻类,又称微藻,俗称藻类水,是贝类生长发育过程中主要的饵料,为贝类幼体和稚贝提供了生长所必需的丰富营养。常用作贝类饵料的有金藻门(Chrysophyta)的湛江等鞭金藻(Isochrysis zhanjiangensis)、3011(Isocrydid galbana)、3012(Pavlova riridis galbana)、绿色巴夫藻(Pavlova viridis),绿藻门(Chlorophyta)的扁藻(Platymonas sp.)、     

单胞藻的生产性培养技术

单胞藻类具有营养丰富,生长繁殖迅速,对环境适应性强和易培养的特点,是水产动物特别是贝类、甲壳类幼体的优质适口饵料。但由于天津地区海水透明度低,有机质含量、浮游动物、浮游植物丰富,进行藻类生产性培养困难很大,为此,2004年笔者以球等鞭金藻(Isochrysis galbana)、小球藻( Chlorellasp.)、牟氏角毛藻( Chaetoceros miiellerilemmermann)、湛江叉鞭金藻(Dicrateria zhanjiangensis)、亚心形扁藻(Platymonas subcordiformis)为试验藻种,研究了海水单胞藻类一级培养(保种)、二级培养(中继培养)、三级培养(生产性培养)的操作规程。探讨…     

NaHCO3浓度对等鞭藻3011、等鞭藻塔溪堤品系和绿色巴夫藻生长的影响

对等鞭藻3011(Isochrysis galbana3011)、等鞭藻塔溪堤品系(Tahitian Isochrysis galbana)和绿色巴夫藻(Pavlova viridisai)3株微藻种进行培养。NaHCO     

Nutritional composition of rotifers following a change in diet from yeast and emulsified oil to microalgae

Rotifers, Brachionus plicatilis, fed baker's yeast and a lipid emulsion (High DNA Super Selco, INVE Aquaculture NV Systems SA, Belgium), were harvested and fed Isochrysis galbana for 72 h, the nutrient composition was analysed during this period. The enrichment effect on the rotifers following transfer to I. galbana was most pronounced for ascorbic acid and thiamin. I. galbana seemed to contribute very little as a source of the lipid-soluble vitamins. Most of the minerals and trace elements were unaffected by the transfer to I. galbana, but Fe, Mn, As and Cd increased, Cu and Ni decreased whereas the effect on Cr and Mo were uncertain. The fatty acid composition of the rotifers changed towards the composition of I. galbana during the experimental period. Intermediate glycogen levels were measured in the rotifers at all sampling times. With the exception of lysine, serine and proline, all amino acid levels seemed to be unaffected by the transfer to I. galbana. This study showed that transfer of rotifers to microalgae (I. galbana) feeding had a positive effect on nutritional value. Macronutrients were maintained at adequate levels, and algal feeding improved the nutritional quality of rotifers with respect to water-soluble vitamins. Changes in rotifer nutrient composition are discussed in relation to nutritional requirements of fish larvae.     

Effects of yeast and algal diets on the growth and biochemical composition of the rotifer Brachionus plicatilis (Müller) in culture

Abstract. Growth rates and fecundity of Brachionus plicatilis fed baker's yeast, a diatom, and three different flagellates, were monitored during a 15-day feeding trial. Identical growing conditions and equivalent food levels for the different diets were maintained during rotifer culture. The highest growth rate and mean fecundity were exhibited by rotifers fed Chlorella saccharophila , followed in decreasing order by those fed Isochrysis galbana (T-iso), Tetraselmis suecica, Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Thalassiosira pseudonana . Significant differences in contents of neutral lipids, polar lipids, sugars, glycogen, protein, ash and corresponding energy reserves in the resultant five groups of rotifers were diet dependent. Total available energy, about 15 kJ/g in rotifers fed S. cerevisiae and I. galbana (T-iso) was significantly different from the 14kJ/g in rotifers fed T. suecica and C saccharophila, and in turn from the 13kJ/g in rotifers fed T. pseudonana .     

尖紫蛤壳顶幼虫适宜饵料的研究

为了研究尖紫蛤壳顶幼虫适宜饵料种类和投喂浓度,选用5组微藻做为饵料,研究其对尖紫蛤(Soletellina acuta Cai et Zhuang)壳顶幼虫生长和存活的影响。5组微藻分别是A组微绿球藻(Nannochloropsis oculata sp.),B组亚心形扁藻(Platymonas subcordiformi),C组湛江等鞭金藻(Isochrysis zhanjiangensis)+亚心形扁藻,D组绿色巴夫藻(Pavlova viridis)+亚心形扁藻,E组小球藻(Chlorella sp.)+亚心形扁藻。单因素方差分析表明:A组饵料效果为最好;B组和C组的饵料效果次之,E组和D组的饵料效果较差;不同饵料种类下,A组壳顶幼虫有最大生长和存活率;不同饵料浓度下,A组的最适投喂浓度是12 000个/(mL.d),C组的最适投喂浓度是5 000+5 000个/(mL.d)。A组和C组获得了较高的生长速率和成活率,可做为尖紫蛤壳顶幼虫适宜的饵料。     

Evaluation of Seven Algal Diets for Spat of the Pacific Scallop Argopecten ventricosus

The nutritive value of Isochrysis galbana (Tahitian), Chaetoceros calcitrans, Chaetoceros muel-leri . and their bi- and trialgal combinations for Pacific scallop Argopecten ventricosus spat culture was studied. Ingestion rate, growth, survival, and biochemical composition were the variables evaluated. Growth results showed C. calcitrans and I. galbana + C. calcitrans diets have the best nutritive values. Poorest results were obtained with I. galbana diet. The acceptability and a high lipid content of C. calcitrans could explain the good results of C. calcitrans and I. galbana + C. calcitrans diets along with a better balanced diet effect in the bialgal mixture. The low growth of the scallops using the C. calcitrans + C. muelleri diet, despite the high ingestion rate, is explained by a low energy content and an unbalanced nutrient supply. The gross biochemical composition of the diets did not show a clear relationship to spat gross biochemical composition.     

6种微藻生长及脂肪累积对氮含量变化的响应

研究了绿色巴夫藻、米氏凯伦藻、球等鞭金藻、三角褐指藻、海水小球藻、衣藻的生长及脂肪累积对氮含量变化的响应。试验结果表明,6种微藻生长及总脂对不同氮含量均有一定程度的响应。微藻生长,绿色巴夫藻、米氏凯伦藻、球等鞭金藻3种微藻响应明显,绿色巴夫藻以氮含量100%组生长最快,第10d时,比氮含量40%组快512%,比氮含量20%组及60%组分别快62%、61%;米氏凯伦藻氮含量80%组生长最快,第10d达到最高值,超出其他试验组约60%;球等鞭金藻氮含量80%组最快,第10d生长量超过100%试验组67%;三角褐指藻、海水小球藻、衣藻响应程度小于其他微藻。总脂积累,三角褐指藻氮含量80%组总脂含量最高,达细胞干质量的80.77%,是氮含量100%组2.5倍;绿色巴夫藻氮含量60%组最高,达细胞干质量的73.68%,是氮含量100%组3.4倍;其他4种微藻在降低氮含量后,总脂均超过细胞干质量的30%。三角褐指藻在生物柴油制备方向极具开发前景。     

Essential fatty acid enrichment of cultured rotifers (Brachionus plicatilis, Müller) using frozen-concentrated microalgae

There is a growing interest in preserving microalgal preparations to maintain constant properties over a long period. The aim is to ensure sufficient delivery of essential fatty acids (and other key nutrients) to mollusc and crustacean larvae and to zooplankton used as live prey in the first feeding of fish larvae. For example, the rotifer Brachionus plicatilis has to be enriched with polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) prior to fish feeding. We used four microalgal species [ Isochrysis galbana (T-ISO), Chaetoceros muelleri (CHGRA), Pavlova lutheri (MONO), and Nannochloropsis sp.] both as fresh culture or in a frozen-concentrated form to enrich rotifers. Overall, rotifers had similar relative fatty acid levels when fed the frozen-concentrated or fresh microalgal diets. The levels of 20:4n-6, 22:6n-3, and 20:5n-3 between B. plicatilis and the microalgal diets were linearly correlated. The fatty acid 20:4n-6 was the most readily assimilated: the content found in rotifers reached half the level measured in the microalgal diets. Our results indicate that both the fresh and frozen-concentrated forms of the four microalgal species can be used to enrich PUFA levels in rotifers. Further experiments should be conducted to test if assimilation differs when rotifers are enriched with mono- or multispecific microalgal preparations.     

鸡粪浆及5种微藻对轮虫脂肪酸组成的影响

采用投喂鸡粪浆的方法培养轮虫,并与5种微藻培养轮虫的脂肪酸组成进行了比较。结果表明:鸡粪轮虫具有较高的营养价值,HUFA含量达25.9%,仅次于小球藻轮虫和新月菱形藻轮虫,EPA和DHA的含量分别为11.2%和4.4%;在5种微藻培养的轮虫中,用小球藻、新月菱形藻和球等鞭金藻培养的轮虫营养价值较高,而用微绿球藻和衣藻培养的轮虫营养价值相对较低;轮虫的脂肪酸组成受饵料影响显著,但又不完全取决于饵料。