复合营养调控剂对冷季放牧绵羊生长性能、屠宰性能和血清生化指标的影响

试验旨在研究不同营养调控剂对冷季放牧绵羊生长性能、屠宰性能和血清生化指标的影响。采用单因素完全随机区组试验设计,将48只健康、体重相近(28.01±1.70)kg的7月龄放牧母羊随机分为4组,Ⅰ组不补饲;Ⅱ组补饲常规精料;Ⅲ组补饲常规精料+复合配方1 (0.30%苹果酸、0.06%半胱胺、0.08%糖萜素);Ⅳ组补饲常规精料+饲料复合配方2 (0.60%苹果酸、0.12%半胱胺、0.16%糖萜素)。其中每组3个重复,每个重复4只,进行45 d饲养试验。结果表明:①试验Ⅲ组末重最高,较Ⅱ组和Ⅳ组分别提高6.26% (P>0.05)、3.69% (P>0.05);试验Ⅲ组平均日增重最高,较Ⅱ组和Ⅳ组分别提高26.32% (P<0.01)、5.74% (P>0.05)。②试验Ⅲ组的屠宰率较Ⅱ组提高4.68% (P>0.05);试验Ⅲ组的净肉率较Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组和Ⅳ组分别提高18.46% (P<0.05)、10.97% (P>0.05)和4.40% (P>0.05);试验Ⅲ组的胴体净肉重较Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组和Ⅳ组分别提高49.74% (P<0.01)、13.22% (P>0.05)和18.27% (P<0.05);试验Ⅲ组的胴体净肉率较Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组和Ⅳ组分别提高10.42% (P<0.01)、6.00% (P>0.05)和3.37% (P>0.05)。③在血清GLU、Ca、P、HDL、LDL、GPT、IgG含量中,试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅳ和Ⅲ组依次呈上升趋势,而其A/G、TG含量依次呈下降趋势。综上,补饲复合营养调控剂可改善冷季放牧绵羊的生长性能、屠宰性能和血清生化指标,其中补饲复合配方1组(试验Ⅲ组)作用效果最佳。     

复合营养调控剂对冷季放牧绵羊肉品质的影响

试验旨在研究不同营养调控剂对冷季放牧绵羊肉品质的影响。采用单因素完全随机区组试验设计,将48只健康、体重相近(28.01±1.70) kg的7月龄放牧母羊随机分为4组,分别为Ⅰ组:不补饲;Ⅱ组:补饲常规精料;Ⅲ组:补饲常规精料+复合配方1组(0.30%苹果酸、0.06%半胱胺、0.08%糖萜素);Ⅳ组:补饲常规精料+复合配方2组(0.60%苹果酸、0.12%半胱胺、0.16%糖萜素)。其中每组3个重复,每个重复4只,试验期45 d,试验期末测定采集各组母羊背最长肌肌肉样品,测定肉质养分、氨基酸的含量。结果显示:①试验Ⅲ组的粗脂肪含量比Ⅰ、Ⅱ和Ⅳ组分别提高27.92% (P < 0.05)、16.67% (P > 0.05)和7.85% (P > 0.05);试验Ⅲ组的粗蛋白质含量比Ⅰ、Ⅱ和Ⅳ组分别提高7.35% (P < 0.05)、3.94% (P > 0.05)和2.49% (P > 0.05);补饲组的剪切力均极显著低于未补饲组(P < 0.01),试验Ⅲ组较Ⅱ组降低3.98% (P < 0.05)。②试验Ⅳ组的脯氨酸含量较Ⅰ和Ⅱ组分别提高38.34% (P < 0.01)和22.75% (P < 0.05),试验Ⅲ组的脯氨酸含量较Ⅰ和Ⅱ组分别提高19.63% (P > 0.05)和6.15% (P > 0.05);其余氨基酸含量在各组之间均差异不显著(P > 0.05)。综上,补饲复合营养调控剂可改善绵羊肉质剪切力,提高绵羊肌内粗脂肪、粗蛋白质和氨基酸含量,改善嫩度风味和营养价值。考虑综合因素,试验Ⅲ组补饲效果最为显著,补饲复合配方1组对改善冷季放牧绵羊肉品质有实际指导意义。     

Effects of Complex Nutritional Regulation Additives on Meat Quality of Grazing Sheep in Cold Season

The experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of complex nutritional regulation additives on meat quality of grazing sheep in cold season.A single factor random block design was used,48 grazing ewes with 7 months old and the average body weight (28.01±1.70) kg were randomly divided into 4 groups:Group Ⅰ without supplement;Group Ⅱ with routine concentrate;Group Ⅲ with routine concentrate+complex formulation group 1 (0.30% malic acid,0.06% cysteamine,0.08% saccharicterpenin);Group Ⅳ with routine concentrate+complex formulation group 2 (0.60% malic acid,0.12% cysteamine,0.16% saccharicterpenin).And there were 3 repeats for each group with 4 grazing ewes in each repeat.At the end of experiment,the longissimus dorsi of ewes were collected to determine the content of meat nutrient and amino acids.The results showed that:① The crude fat content of group Ⅲ was higher than groupⅠ,Ⅱ and Ⅳ by 27.92% (P < 0.05),16.67% (P > 0.05) and 7.85% (P > 0.05),respectively.The crude protein content of group Ⅲ was higher than groupⅠ,Ⅱ and Ⅳ by 7.35% (P < 0.05),3.94% (P > 0.05) and 2.49% (P > 0.05),respectively.The shear force in three supplementary feeding groups were extremely significantly lower than that in the control group (P < 0.01) and compared with group Ⅱ,group Ⅲ was decreased by 3.98% (P < 0.05).② Compared with group Ⅰ and Ⅱ,the proline content of group Ⅳ was increased by 38.34% (P < 0.01) and 22.75% (P < 0.05),respectively.While the proline content of group Ⅲ was higher than groupⅠand Ⅱ by 19.63% (P > 0.05) and 6.15% (P > 0.05),respectively.Except for proline,other amino acids were not significant different among the four experimental groups (P > 0.05).In conclusion,in this trial,supplementing complex nutritional regulation additives had good effects on crude fat,crude protein and shear force and amino acids contents,also improved the flavor and nutritional value of grazing sheep in cold season.Taking into consideration various factors,the effect of group Ⅲ (supplementing routine concentrate+complex formulation group 1) was the most obvious,which had the practical guiding importance in improving the meat quality of grazing sheep in cold season.     

酵母浓缩物对罗斯肉鸡屠宰性能和胴体品质的影响

本试验旨在研究日粮中添加酵母浓缩物对罗斯肉鸡屠宰性能和胴体品质的影响。选取1日龄罗斯308肉鸡160只,采用单因子试验设计,随机分为5组,每组4个重复,每个重复8只鸡。Ⅰ组为对照组,饲喂基础日粮;Ⅱ~Ⅴ组在基础日粮中分别添加2000、4000、6000、8000 mg/kg酵母浓缩物,其中Ⅱ组(2000 mg/kg)添加方式为1~42日龄连续添加;Ⅲ~Ⅴ组添加方式为1~21日龄添加酵母浓缩物,22~42日龄不添加酵母浓缩物。试验期42 d。结果表明,21日龄时,与对照组相比,Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ组有提高屠宰率、全净膛率、胸肌率、腿肌率及降低腹脂率的趋势,但差异均不显著(P>0.05);Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组可显著提高肌肉的a值、降低肌肉剪切力(P<0.05),Ⅲ组可显著降低肌肉的b值(P<0.05)。42日龄时,与对照组相比,Ⅳ组可显著降低腹脂率、提高胸肌率(P<0.05),Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组可显著提高肌肉的a值(P<0.05),Ⅱ组可显著降低肌肉剪切力(P<0.05)。综上所述,日粮中添加酵母浓缩物可显著提高罗斯肉鸡的屠宰性能、改善胴体品质,并具有滞后效应,最佳添加剂量为6000 mg/kg,添加方式为1~21日龄添加,22~42日龄不添加。     

不同饲喂水平对多胎萨福克公羊生长性能、屠宰性能和器官发育的影响

【目的】 试验旨在研究饲喂水平对多胎萨福克公羊生长性能、屠宰性能、内脏等器官发育的影响。【方法】 采用单因素试验方法,选择体况健康、体重相近(20.00±1.50 kg)的多胎萨福克公羊18只,随机分成3组,每组6只,试验Ⅰ组自由采食,试验Ⅱ组饲喂自由采食量的60%,试验Ⅲ组饲喂自由采食量的40%。当试验Ⅰ组试验羊平均体重达到35 kg时,将所有试验羊屠宰,测定生长性能、屠宰性能及内脏器官重量和发育情况。预饲期7 d,正试期50 d。【结果】 ①随着饲喂水平降低,试验羊平均干物质采食量(ADMI)、终末体重、净增重、平均日增重(ADG)均显著降低(P<0.05);试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ组料重比(F/G)均显著低于试验Ⅲ组(P<0.05)。②试验Ⅰ组胴体重、胴体净肉重和脂肪重显著高于试验Ⅱ和Ⅲ组,各组间差异均显著(P<0.05);试验Ⅰ组净肉率显著高于其他2组(P<0.05);试验Ⅰ组骨重、肉骨比和腹脂重显著高于试验Ⅲ组(P<0.05);试验Ⅲ组腹脂率显著低于其他2组(P<0.05)。③试验Ⅰ组瘤胃重量最高,试验Ⅲ组最低,且各组之间差异显著(P<0.05);试验Ⅰ组网胃重量和肠道总重量最高,试验Ⅱ组次之,试验Ⅲ组最低,3组之间差异均显著(P<0.05)。④试验Ⅰ组心脏、肝脏、肺脏和肾脏重量最高,试验Ⅱ组次之,试验Ⅲ组最低,各组间差异均显著(P<0.05)。⑤试验Ⅰ组头蹄重量最高,显著高于试验Ⅲ组(P<0.05),与试验Ⅱ组差异不显著(P>0.05);试验Ⅰ组皮毛、血重量最高,试验Ⅱ组次之,试验Ⅲ组最低,3组之间差异均显著(P<0.05)。【结论】 不同饲喂水平可不同程度影响多胎萨福克公羊的生长性能、屠宰性能和主要生理器官发育。     

饲喂全株玉米青贮及额外补充碳酸氢钠对疆岳驴生长性能、消化率、血清生化指标及经济效益的影响

试验旨在研究饲粮中两种全株玉米青贮比例及额外补充碳酸氢钠对疆岳驴生长性能、营养物质表观消化率、血清生化指标及经济效益的影响。选取体况良好的6~8月龄疆岳驴断奶公驴40头（106.02 kg±11.81 kg）,随机分为5组：全株玉米青贮占粗饲料的比例分别为0（Ⅰ组）、30%（Ⅱ组）、60%（Ⅲ组）及额外补充碳酸氢钠的Ⅳ组（全株玉米青贮占粗饲料30%+碳酸氢钠）和Ⅴ组（全株玉米青贮占粗饲料60%+碳酸氢钠）,碳酸氢钠正常添加量按照精料干物质的0.5%计算,额外添加量按照精料干物质的0.5%+全株玉米青贮干物质的1%计算,每组8头驴,按照等能等氮原则设计饲粮。预饲期12 d,正试期120 d。结果显示,随着全株玉米青贮添加量的增加,试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ和Ⅲ组料重比逐渐下降,其中试验Ⅲ组显著低于试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ组（P<0.05）;试验Ⅲ组粗脂肪、中性洗涤纤维、粗灰分的表观消化率最高,显著高于试验Ⅱ组（P<0.05）,总蛋白、肌酐含量和碱性磷酸酶活性均显著高于试验Ⅰ组（P<0.05）,试验Ⅲ组葡萄糖含量极显著低于试验Ⅰ组（P<0.01）,试验Ⅲ组总胆固醇含量显著低于试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ组（P<0.05）。与同等比例添加全珠玉米青贮的组相比,试验Ⅱ组平均日增重显著高于试验Ⅳ组（P<0.05）,试验Ⅲ组平均日增重高于试验Ⅴ组（P>0.05）;试验Ⅲ组料重比显著低于试验Ⅴ组（P<0.05）,试验Ⅱ组料重比低于试验Ⅳ组（P>0.05）;试验Ⅱ、Ⅳ组间粗蛋白质、粗脂肪、能量和粗灰分的表观消化率差异均不显著（P>0.05）;试验Ⅲ、Ⅴ组营养物质的表观消化率差异均不显著（P>0.05）;试验Ⅳ组总胆固醇含量及谷丙转氨酶活力均显著高于试验Ⅱ组（P<0.05）。试验Ⅰ~Ⅴ组疆岳驴每千克增重成本分别为16.40、15.10、14.79、17.34和16.10元,整个试验期每头驴毛利润分别为711.27、837.53、871.98、629.46和738.16元。综上,在本试验条件下,以生长性能、营养物质表观消化率及血清生化指标为评价依据,综合经济效益比较,以在基础饲粮（以DM为基础）中添加0.28%碳酸氢钠时、全贮玉米青贮占粗饲料60%（在基础饲粮DM中添加26.67%）饲喂疆岳驴公驴效果最优,无需额外补充碳酸氢钠。     

Effect of Soybean Meal Replaced by Fermented Rapeseed Meal on Growth Performance,Meat Quality and Serum Biochemical Indexes of Broilers

This experiment was conducted to study the effect of soybean meal replacement by fermented rapeseed meal on growth performance,meat quality and serum biochemical indexes of broilers.A total 400 23-day-old Yellow-feathered male broilers were randomly divided into 4 groups with 4 replicates per group and 25 broilers per replicate.The broilers in control group were fed a basal diet,and the others were fed the basal diets with the 3% (group Ⅰ),6% (group Ⅱ) and 9% (group Ⅲ) fermented rapeseed meal equal-nutritionally replacing the soybean meal,respectively.The experiment lasted for 43 days.The results showed as follows:① Compared with control group,the ADG,ADFI and F/G of groups Ⅰ,Ⅱ and Ⅲ showed no significant differences (P>0.05);The ADG of group Ⅲ were 16.47% (P<0.05),15.03% (P<0.05) higher than that of groups Ⅰ and Ⅱ,the F/G of group Ⅲ were 7.71% (P<0.05),4.27% (P>0.05) lower than that of groups Ⅰ and Ⅱ.② There were no significant differences in the pH₁,pH₂₄,meat color (L^*,a^*,b^*),cooking loss and tenderness of chest muscle among all groups(P>0.05);Compared with control group,the water loss rate of groups Ⅰ,Ⅱ and Ⅲ were significantly decreased (P<0.05).③ Compared with control group,the serum GLU content of groups Ⅰ,Ⅱ and Ⅲ were decreased by 13.06%(P<0.05),8.12%(P>0.05) and 9.57%(P>0.05);The serum TP content of groups Ⅰ,Ⅱ and Ⅲ were increased by 2.50%(P>0.05),20.86%(P<0.05) and 33.92%(P<0.05);The serum GPT content of groups Ⅰ,Ⅱ and Ⅲ were decreased by 7.99%(P>0.05),18.85%(P>0.05) and 26.98%(P<0.05).It was concluded that it would be feasible to replace the soybean meal with 3% to 9% fermented rapeseed meal in broiler feeding,and the optimum supplemental level of fermented rapeseed meal was 9%.     

发酵菜籽粕替代豆粕对肉鸡生长性能、肉品质及血清生化指标的影响

本试验旨在研究发酵菜籽粕替代豆粕对肉鸡生长性能、肉品质及血清生化指标的影响。选用23日龄黄羽肉公鸡400只,随机分为4组,每组4个重复,每个重复25只,对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ和Ⅲ组分别在基础日粮中添加3%、6%和9%发酵菜籽粕等营养替代豆粕。试验期43 d。结果表明:①与对照组相比,试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ和Ⅲ组肉鸡平均日增重、平均日采食量和料重比差异均不显著(P>0.05);与试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ组相比,试验Ⅲ组肉鸡平均日增重分别提高16.47%(P<0.05)、15.03%(P<0.05),料重比分别降低7.71%(P<0.05)和4.27%(P>0.05)。②各组肉鸡胸肌的pH₁、pH₂₄、肉色(L^*、a^*、b^*)、蒸煮损失和嫩度差异均不显著(P>0.05);试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ和Ⅲ组肉鸡胸肌的失水率与对照组相比均显著降低(P<0.05)。③与对照组相比,试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ和Ⅲ组肉鸡血清中葡萄糖含量分别降低13.06%(P<0.05)、8.12%(P>0.05)和9.57%(P>0.05);总蛋白含量分别提高2.50%(P>0.05)、20.86%(P<0.05)和33.92%(P<0.05);谷丙转氨酶含量分别降低7.99%(P>0.05)、18.85%(P>0.05)和26.98%(P<0.05)。综上所述,肉鸡日粮中添加3%~9%发酵菜籽粕等营养替代豆粕是可行的,其中添加9%发酵菜籽粕效果最好。     

发酵花生秧对番鸭生产性能、屠宰性能、血清生化指标及鸭粪常规成分的影响

本研究旨在探究发酵花生秧的营养价值及其对番鸭生产性能、屠宰性能、生化指标及鸭粪污染指标的影响,探讨利用发酵花生秧进行番鸭节粮养殖的可行性。选取15日龄的公番鸭360只,随机分为4组,每组6个重复,每个重复15只。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验Ⅰ组饲喂90%基础日粮+10%发酵花生秧,试验Ⅱ组饲喂85%基础日粮+15%发酵花生秧,试验Ⅲ组饲喂80%基础日粮+20%发酵花生秧,预饲期7 d,正式试验期48 d,测定并计算各组番鸭的生产性能、屠宰性能及各脏器指数,同时采集各组番鸭的血清、肌肉及新鲜粪样,测定血清生化指标及鸭粪常规成分的变化情况。结果表明,①与未发酵的花生秧相比,发酵后的花生秧粗蛋白质、钙水平分别上升31.82%（P<0.01）、97.40%（P<0.01）;粗纤维、磷及水分含量分别下降2.35%（P<0.05）、20.69%（P<0.05）、53.23%（P<0.01）,营养价值得到提升。②与对照组相比,试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ组料重比分别下降6.51%（P<0.01）、6.84%（P<0.01）;试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组的腿肌率分别上升20.50%（P<0.05）、25.55%（P<0.05）、9.27%（P>0.05）;肝脏指数分别上升9.90%（P>0.05）、12.23%（P<0.05）、3.18%（P>0.05）;肌胃指数分别上升17.70%（P<0.05）、30.82%（P<0.05）、36.66%（P<0.05）;腺胃指数分别上升1.37%（P>0.05）、32.99%（P<0.05）、36.43%（P<0.05）;③发酵花生秧可影响番鸭血清中TP、ALB、GLB、A/G、ALT、AST、AST/ALT、UREA、UA、CRE含量;与对照组相比,试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组鸭粪中的总氮、磷、钾、水分含量均呈下降趋势。综上,10%、20%发酵花生秧饲料能显著提高番鸭的生产性能,明显降低增重成本,对番鸭的产肉性能无明显影响,但可能对其肝脏功能、肾脏功能、免疫功能有一定的影响。     

Effects of Fermented Peanut Vine on Production Performance,Slaughter Performance,Serum Biochemical Indexes and Feces' Routine Ingredients in Muscovy Ducks

The aim of this study was to explore the nutritional value of fermented peanut vine and its effects on the production performance,slaughter performance,serum biochemical indexes and feces' routine ingredient in Muscovy ducks.The feasibility of fermented peanut vine that applied to grain-saving feeding in Muscovy ducks was also explored.Three hundred and sixty 15-day-old male Muscovy ducks were randomly divided into 4 groups,6 repetitions in each group,15 ducks each repetition.The ducks in control group were fed with basic diet,while in group Ⅰ were fed with 90% basic diet+10% fermented peanut vine,in group Ⅱ were fed with 85% basic diet+15% fermented peanut vine and in group Ⅲ were fed with 80% basic diet+20% fermented peanut vine.After 7 days pre-feeding period and 48 days feeding period,production performance,slaughter performance and organ indexes were then measured.Meanwhile,serum,muscle and fresh feces were collected for measurement of the levels of biochemical indexes and feces'routine ingredients.The results showed that:① Compared to unfermented peanut vine,CP and Ca levels of fermented peanut vine were elevated by 31.82% (P<0.01) and 97.40% (P<0.01) respectively,while CF,P and H₂O levels were decreased by 2.35% (P<0.05),20.69% (P<0.05) and 53.23% (P<0.01) respectively.Nutritional value of fermented peanut vine was clearly increased.② Compared to control group, F/G of group Ⅰ and Ⅱ were decreased by 6.51% (P<0.01) and 6.84% (P<0.01) respectively.The leg muscle rate of groupⅠ,Ⅱ and Ⅲ were improved by 20.50% (P<0.05),25.55% (P<0.05) and 9.27% (P>0.05) respectively,and liver indexes were increased by 9.90% (P>0.05)、12.23% (P<0.05) and 3.18% (P>0.05) respectively,gizzard indexes were elevated by 17.70% (P<0.05),30.82%(P<0.05) and 36.66% (P<0.05) respectively,and glandular stomach indexes were increased by 1.37% (P>0.05),32.99% (P<0.05) and 36.43% (P<0.05) respectively.③ Fermented peanut vine could affect the levels of TP,ALB,GLB,A/G,ALT,AST,AST/ALT,UREA,UA and CRE in serum of Muscovy ducks.Compared to control group,N,P,K and H₂O levels in feces of ducks were decreased in the test groups.In conclusion,10% and 20% fermented peanut vine could markedly improve the production performance,reduce cost to gain ratio,and did not affect meat performance.But fermented peanut vine might affect the function of liver,kidney and immune in Muscovy ducks.     

饲粮可代谢生脂物质对生长猪生长性能和胴体品质的影响

本试验旨在探究可代谢生脂物质（MLS）对生长猪生长性能、胴体品质和肉质性状的影响。挑选体型相似、体重为28.15 kg±4.51 kg的18头健康杜×长×大三元杂交猪,随机分为3组,分别饲喂营养水平相同但MLS水平不同的饲粮,MLS水平分别为70.51（Ⅰ组）、68.09（Ⅱ组）和40.58 g/d（Ⅲ组）,试验期28 d,测定生长猪生长性能、胴体品质和肉品质相关指标。结果表明：不同MLS水平对猪平均日采食量、平均日增重和料重比影响均不显著（P>0.05）;3组中Ⅱ组的料重比最低。3组间生长猪屠宰率、背膘厚和眼肌面积等胴体指标均无显著差异（P>0.05）。3组中,Ⅲ组的熟肉率显著低于Ⅰ和Ⅱ组（P<0.05）,而其他肉品质指标如亮度值、大理石评分、滴水损失等均无显著差异（P>0.05）;屠宰后45 min及24 h肌肉pH变化差异很小（P>0.05）。综上所述,在本试验条件下,饲喂3种不同MLS水平饲粮,生长猪生长性能、胴体品质和肉质性状大部分指标差异均不显著,但对于优化配方以及今后的生产具有指导意义。     

芽孢杆菌制剂对断奶仔猪血液和免疫指标的影响

试验针对不同芽孢杆菌复合制剂对断奶仔猪血液学指标、血液生化指标和免疫功能的影响进行了研究。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组在基础日粮中分别添加凝结芽孢杆菌+巨大芽孢杆菌、酪酸菌+巨大芽孢杆菌、凝结芽孢杆菌+酪酸菌、凝结芽孢杆菌+酪酸菌+巨大芽孢杆菌复合制剂,添加量0.2%,饲喂43 d。结果表明,各组的血液红细胞数、白细胞数、血小板数和血红蛋白浓度均无显著差异(P>0.05)。各组的血清谷丙转氨酶、总蛋白、白蛋白、尿素氮、肌酐和葡萄糖含量均无显著差异(P>0.05)。试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ组的血清谷草转氨酶含量与对照组差异不显著(P>0.05),但试验Ⅲ、Ⅳ组则显著提高(P<0.05)。试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组的血清总胆固醇和甘油三酯含量与对照组差异不显著(P>0.05),但试验Ⅳ组则显著提高(P<0.05)。试验Ⅰ组的血清IgG和IgM含量与对照组差异不显著(P>0.05),但试验Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组则显著提高(P<0.05)。研究结果为芽孢杆菌在养殖业中的应用提供了一定的理论依据和参考价值。     

不同代乳品及饲喂方式对荷斯坦奶公犊生产犊牛白肉影响的研究

为研究代乳粉(主要含乳类制品)液态饲喂和代乳料(主要含植物类饲料等)干喂对荷斯坦奶公犊生产犊牛白肉的影响,试验选用20头健康无病、体重和出生日期相近的荷斯坦奶公犊,随机分为2组,每组10头,进行了120 d的生长育肥试验。Ⅰ组饲喂市售的代乳粉(粗蛋白质22%,粗脂肪16%);Ⅱ组饲喂配制的代乳料(粗蛋白质22%,消化能16 MJ/kg)。结果表明:①Ⅱ组犊牛0~90 d平均日增重高于Ⅰ组犊牛,91~120 d平均日增重显著低于Ⅰ组犊牛(P< 0.05),但两组犊牛0~120 d平均日增重和试验末重均无显著差异(P> 0.05)。②不同代乳品及饲喂方式对奶公犊营养物质表观消化率均无显著影响(P> 0.05)。③Ⅰ组犊牛的胴体重、屠宰率和眼肌面积均显著高于Ⅱ组犊牛(P< 0.05),分别比Ⅱ组高11.88%、11.04%和8.12%,但两组间的胴体产肉率无显著差异(P> 0.05);两组犊牛背最长肌的pH、剪切力、蒸煮损失和肉色均无显著差异(P> 0.05),但Ⅰ组犊牛的失水率比Ⅱ组犊牛高20.83%(P< 0.01);Ⅰ组犊牛背最长肌中粗脂肪含量极显著高于Ⅱ组犊牛(P< 0.01),但两组犊牛背最长肌中水分、粗蛋白质、粗灰分、钙、磷和铁的含量均无显著差异(P> 0.05)。④Ⅱ组犊牛的饲养成本比Ⅰ组降低45.38%。综上所述,饲喂代乳料的犊牛可获得与饲喂代乳粉犊牛相似的生长性能和肉品质,显著降低饲养成本。     

富含DHA微藻对柴达木福牛生长性能和血清抗氧化指标的影响

本试验旨在研究富含二十二碳六烯酸（C22∶6n-3,DHA）的微藻对柴达木福牛生长性能、体尺指标、屠宰性能和血清抗氧化指标的影响。选用24头健康的24月龄柴达木福牛公牛,随机分为3组,每组8头。试验Ⅰ组（对照组）饲喂基础饲粮,试验Ⅱ和Ⅲ组在基础饲粮中分别添加100和200 g/d的微藻粉。预试期10 d,正试期42 d。测定生长性能、体尺指标、屠宰性能相关指标以及血清中总抗氧化能力（T-AOC）、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GSH-Px）活性和丙二醛（MDA）含量。试验结果表明：①试验Ⅱ组平均日增重（ADG）显著高于对照组（P<0.05）;与对照组相比,试验Ⅱ和Ⅲ组的料重比（A/G）显著降低（P<0.05）,饲粮添加富含DHA微藻对福牛的体尺指标和屠宰性能无显著影响（P>0.05）。②与对照组相比,饲粮中添加微藻可显著提高血清SOD活性和T-AOC （P<0.05）,显著降低MDA含量（P<0.05）;试验Ⅲ组的GSH-Px活性显著提高（P<0.05）。综上,在本试验条件下,添加100 g/d富含DHA微藻可显著提高柴达木福牛的饲料转化率和血清抗氧化能力。     

Effect of HMBi on Slaughter Performance,Intestinal Mucosal Morphology and Intestinal Enzyme Activity of Fujian Yellow Rabbits

This experiment was conducted to determine the effect of HMBi on slaughter performance,intestinal mucosal morphology and intestinal enzyme activity of Fujian Yellow rabbits.100 weaning rabbits (half male and half female) with similar weight were randomly allotted to 4 groups with 5 replicates per group and 5 rabbits per replicate.The control group was fed a basal diet,groups Ⅰ,Ⅱ and Ⅲ were fed the basal diets supplemented with 0.20%,0.40% and 0.60% HMBi,respectively.The pre-test period lasted for 10 days and the trial period lasted for 52 days.The results showed as follows:① Compared with control group,the slaughter weight and dressing percentage in group Ⅱ were significantly and extremely significantly increased (P<0.05;P<0.01),respectively,the carcass weight in groups Ⅱ and Ⅲ were significantly increased (P<0.05).② Compared with control group,the villous height of duodenum and jejunum in group Ⅱ were extremely significantly increased (P<0.01),the villous height of jejunum and ileum in group Ⅲ were extremely significantly increased (P<0.01);The crypt depth of duodenum and jejunum in groups Ⅰ,Ⅱ and Ⅲ were significantly or extremely significantly decreased (P<0.05;P<0.01),the crypt depth of ileum in groups Ⅱ and Ⅲ were significantly increased (P<0.05);The V/C of duodenum and ileum in groups Ⅰ,Ⅱ and Ⅲ were significantly or extremely significantly increased (P<0.05;P<0.01),the V/C of jejunum in group Ⅲ was extremely significantly increased (P<0.01).③ Compared with control group,the amylase activity in groups Ⅱ and Ⅲ were significantly increased (P<0.05).In conclusion,HMBi could enhance dressing percentage,improve intestinal mucosal morphology and increase intestinal enzyme activity of Fujian Yellow rabbits.Under this experiment conditions,the appropriate HMBi level in the diet of Fujian Yellow rabbits was 0.40%.     

精料中维生素A添加水平对生茸期马鹿日粮营养物质消化、血液生化指标及鹿茸产量的影响

为研究精料维生素A（VA）添加水平对生茸期马鹿日粮营养物质消化、血液生化指标及鹿茸产量的影响，以阿尔泰马鹿为研究对象，选择健康、体重相近的5~7岁龄公鹿18头，随机分为3组，分别为试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ和Ⅲ组，每组6头。试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组分别饲喂VA添加水平为12 800、18 800和24 800 IU/kg的精料，粗饲料由苜蓿干草和麦秸组成，自由采食。预试期15 d，正试期66 d。结果表明：①试验Ⅰ组干物质（DM）、有机物（OM）、钙（Ca）、磷（P）的采食量极显著高于试验Ⅱ组（P<0.01），且粗蛋白质（CP）、粗脂肪（EE）采食量显著高于试验Ⅱ组（P<0.05）。试验Ⅲ组粗蛋白质、磷采食量显著高于试验Ⅱ组（P<0.05）。②试验Ⅰ组磷消化率显著高于试验Ⅱ组和试验Ⅲ组（P<0.05），其余营养物质消化率各组间无显著差异（P>0.05）。③精料VA添加水平对阿尔泰马鹿的蛋白质代谢和糖脂代谢没有产生显著影响（P>0.05）。但血液总蛋白（TP）、血糖（GLU）随着VA添加水平的升高有升高的趋势，而总胆固醇（TC）、尿素氮（UREA）等则有下降的趋势。④血液谷草转氨酶（AST）、谷丙转氨酶（ALT）和碱性磷酸酶（ALP）活性随着VA水平的升高而降低，其中试验Ⅱ和Ⅲ组的碱性磷酸酶活性显著低于试验Ⅰ组（P<0.05）。⑤血液免疫球蛋白含量随着VA添加水平的升高而升高，其中试验Ⅲ组的免疫球蛋白G（IgG）含量极显著高于试验Ⅰ和Ⅱ组（P<0.01）。⑥试验Ⅲ组的丙二醛（MDA）含量显著低于试验Ⅰ组（P<0.05）、谷胱甘肽-过氧化物酶（GSH-PX）活性极显著高于试验Ⅰ组（P<0.01）。超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性和总抗氧化能力（T-AOC）随着VA添加水平升高呈极显著升高变化（P<0.01）。⑦试验Ⅱ和Ⅲ组血液生长激素（GH）含量极显著高于试验Ⅰ组（P<0.01），试验Ⅲ组的胰岛素样生长因子-1（IGF-1）和VA含量极显著高于试验Ⅰ组（P<0.01），血液雌二醇（E₂）含量随着饲喂精料VA水平的升高而升高（P<0.01）。血液睾酮（T）和25-羟基维生素D₃（25-OH-VD₃）含量有随VA水平升高而升高的趋势（P>0.05）。⑧各组之间鹿茸产量无显著性差异（P>0.05），其中试验Ⅰ组最高，试验Ⅲ组产茸量最低。综上，在本试验条件下，精料VA添加水平为12 800 IU/kg时阿尔泰马鹿有较高的采食量和鹿茸产量，精料VA添加水平为24 800 IU/kg时阿尔泰马鹿有较强的免疫和抗氧化功能。综合生产效益，推荐马鹿精料VA添加水平为12 800 IU/kg。     

Study on Production of White Veal with Holstein Bull Calves Fed on Different Milk Replacer and Feeding Methods

The objective of this experiment was to study the effects of production of white veal with Holstein bull calves fed on the liquid milk replacer (containing mainly dairy products) feeding and the dry milk replacer (containing mainly plant diet, etc)feeding.20 healthy male calves with similar birth date and body weight were selected, and randomly divided into two groups (10 calves per group), for a period of 120 d white beef production fattening test.GroupⅠfed with milk replacer (commercial, 22% CP, 16% EE), groupⅡ fed with milk replacer (formulated, 22% CP, 16 MJ/kg DE).The results showed as follows:① 0 to 90 d ADG of group Ⅱ were higher than groupⅠ, 91 to 120 d ADG of group Ⅱ were significantly lower than groupⅠ (P< 0.05), but there were no significant differences in 0 to 120 d ADG and 120 d weight between two groups (P> 0.05).② There were no significant differences in the nutrient apparent digestibility of Holstein bull calves with different milk replacer and feeding methods (P> 0.05).③ Carcass weight, dressing percentage and eye muscle area of groupⅠcalves were significantly higher than those of group Ⅱ (P< 0.05), increased by 11.88%, 11.04% and 8.12%, respectively, but there was no significant difference in carcass meat production rate between two groups (P> 0.05).There was no significant differences in pH, shear force, cooking lose and meat color of longissimus between two groups (P> 0.05), but compared with group Ⅱ, the water lose rate of groupⅠincreased by 20.83% (P< 0.01).The content of EE of groupⅠwas significantly higher than group Ⅱ (P< 0.01), but there were no significant differences in the contents of moisture, CP, Ash, Ca, P and Fe of longissimus between two groups (P> 0.05).④Compared with groupⅠ, the feed cost of group Ⅱ was reduced by 45.38%.In summary, the growth performance and meat quality of two groups calves were similar, feeding cost was reduced significantly.     

13~17周龄雄性雉鸡饲粮适宜代谢能水平研究

【目的】试验旨在研究饲粮代谢能水平对13~17周龄雄性雉鸡生长性能、营养物质表观代谢率、能量利用和血清生化指标的影响,明确该时期雉鸡适宜的饲粮代谢能水平。【方法】选取13周龄、体重相近(734.63 g±18.03 g)的健康雄性雉鸡240只,随机分为4组,每组6个重复,每个重复10只雉鸡。采用单因素试验设计,各组饲粮代谢能水平分别设定为11.30(Ⅰ组)、11.72(Ⅱ组)、12.14(Ⅲ组)和12.56(Ⅳ组) MJ/kg,预试期7 d,正试期35 d。【结果】①饲粮代谢能水平极显著影响平均日采食量(ADFI)(P<0.01),其中Ⅳ组ADFI极显著低于Ⅰ和Ⅱ组(P＜0.01)。料重比(F/G)在各组间无显著差异(P＞0.05),其中Ⅱ组最低。②饲粮代谢能水平对干物质(DM)表观代谢率和粗脂肪(EE)表观代谢率有极显著影响(P＜0.01)。粗蛋白质(CP)表观代谢率在各组间无显著差异(P＞0.05),其中Ⅱ组最高。③各组间摄入总能、排泄物总能和代谢能摄入量(MEI)均无显著差异(P＞0.05)。Ⅱ、Ⅲ和Ⅳ组总能表观代谢率均极显著高于Ⅰ组(P＜0.01),其中Ⅱ组最高。④各组间血清胆固醇(CHO)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)和葡萄糖(GLU)含量均无显著差异(P＞0.05)。Ⅲ组甘油三酯(TG)含量极显著高于其余各组(P＜0.01),Ⅱ组血清高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)含量极显著高于Ⅰ组(P＜0.01)。Ⅱ和Ⅲ组血清中总蛋白(TP)含量显著高于Ⅰ组(P＜0.05),Ⅲ组白蛋白(ALB)含量显著或极显著高于其余各组(P＜0.05;P＜0.01)。【结论】比较4个试验组,Ⅱ组雉鸡平均日增重(ADG)最高,F/G最低,且Ⅱ组雉鸡营养物质表观代谢率、摄入能量水平及能量利用率也较高,故Ⅱ组饲粮代谢能水平(实测值为12.30 MJ/kg)对13~17周龄雄性雉鸡较为适宜。     

复合酶与复合酶菌制剂对日粮体外降解率及不同泌乳阶段奶牛产奶性能的影响

本试验旨在研究复合酶及复合酶菌制剂对奶牛日粮体外降解率及不同阶段奶牛产奶性能的影响。在体外试验中,分别以基础日粮（Ⅰ组）及基础日粮中分别添加复合酶制剂（Ⅱ组）、复合酶菌制剂（Ⅲ组）的日粮作为发酵底物,体外培养72 h,测定不同时间点（6、12、24、36、48、72 h）日粮干物质降解率（DMD）和粗蛋白质降解率（CPD）。在饲养试验中,分别选取体重、胎次、体况相近的泌乳前期（30 d±5 d）、泌乳中期（100 d±5 d）和泌乳后期（250 d±5 d）奶牛各24头,平均分成3组,其中对照组（Ⅰ组）奶牛饲喂全混合日粮（TMR）,复合酶制剂组（Ⅱ组）和复合酶菌制剂组（Ⅲ组）奶牛在TMR中分别添加1 kg/t的复合酶制剂和复合酶菌制剂。每期试验持续74 d,其中预试期14 d,正试期60 d,每天记录产奶量。结果显示：①体外试验中,Ⅱ、Ⅲ组的DMD、CPD均随处理时间的延长而增加。在各个时间点,Ⅲ组的DMD、CPD均高于Ⅱ组,其中DMD在6、72 h时差异显著（P<0.05）,CPD在36、72 h时差异显著（P<0.05）,在其他时间点差异均不显著（P>0.05）。②在泌乳前期,Ⅱ、Ⅲ组的平均日产奶量与Ⅰ组相比分别提高了3.68%和4.10%,差异显著（P<0.05）,Ⅱ、Ⅲ组之间差异不显著（P>0.05）;泌乳中期,Ⅱ、Ⅲ组的平均日产奶量与Ⅰ组相比分别提高了7.53%和10.66%,差异显著（P<0.05）,Ⅱ、Ⅲ组之间差异不显著（P>0.05）;泌乳后期,Ⅱ、Ⅲ组的平均日产奶量与Ⅰ组相比分别提高了7.06%和5.16%,差异显著（P<0.05）,Ⅱ组、Ⅲ组之间差异不显著（P>0.05）。综上,复合酶与复合酶菌制剂均能在一定程度上提高日粮体外DMD和CPD以及奶牛在不同时期的产奶量,其中,复合酶制剂对提高泌乳后期奶牛产奶量效果更好,复合酶菌制剂对提高泌乳中期奶牛产奶量效果更好。     

Effect of Compound Enzyme and Compound Enzyme Probiotics Preparation on Degradation Rate of Diet in vitro and Milk Production Performance of Dairy Cows at Different Lactation Stages

The purpose of this experiment was to study the effect of compound enzyme and compound enzyme bacteria preparation on the degradation rate of diet in vitro and milk production performance of dairy cows at different lactation stages.In in vitro experiment,the basic diet (group Ⅰ) and the basic diet added with compound enzyme (group Ⅱ) and compound enzyme probiotics preparation (group Ⅲ) were used as fermentation substrate respectively.After 72 h of culture in vitro,the dry matter degradation rate (DMD) and crude protein degradation rate (CPD) of the diet were measured at different time (6,12,24,36,48 and 72 h).In feeding experiment,24 dairy cows with similar body weight,parity and condition were divided into three groups at early lactation (30 d±5 d),middle lactation (100 d±5 d) and late lactation (250 d±5 d),respectively.The cows in control group (group Ⅰ) were fed with TMR,in compound enzyme group (group Ⅱ) and the compound enzyme probiotics group (group Ⅲ) were fed with the TMR added with 1 kg/t compound enzyme and compound enzyme probiotics respectively.The trial period was 74 days,including 14 days of pre trial period and 60 days of normal trial period.`The results showed that:①In vitro DMD and CPD of the two groups increased with the prolongation of treatment time.At each time point,the values of DMD and CPD in group Ⅲ were higher than those in group Ⅱ,the difference of DMD was significant at 6 and 72 h (P<0.05),CPD was significant at 36 and 72 h (P<0.05),and there was no significant difference at other time points (P>0.05).②In the early stage of lactation,the average daily milk production of groups Ⅱ and Ⅲ increased by 3.68% and 4.10% respectively compared with group Ⅰ,the difference was significant (P<0.05),and the difference between groups Ⅱ and Ⅲ was not significant (P>0.05).In mid-lactation,the average daily milk production of groups Ⅱ and Ⅲ increased by 7.53% and 10.66% respectively compared with group Ⅰ (P<0.05),and the difference between groups Ⅱ and Ⅲ was not significant (P>0.05).In the later stage,the average daily milk production of groups Ⅱ and Ⅲ increased by 7.06% and 5.16% respectively compared with group Ⅰ (P<0.05),and the difference between group Ⅱ and Ⅲ was not significant (P>0.05).In conclusion,both compound enzymes and compound enzyme probiotics preparations could improve the in vitro DMD and CPD of the diet and the milk production of dairy cows in different periods to a certain extent.Among them,the compound enzyme preparation had a better effect on increasing milk production of dairy cows in the late lactation,while the compound enzyme probiotics preparation has a better effect on increasing milk production in mid-lactating dairy cows.