发酵穿心莲粉对番鸭生产性能、血清生化指标、免疫相关指标、抗氧化指标及肌肉脂肪酸含量的影响

【目的】本试验旨在研究发酵穿心莲粉对番鸭生产性能、血清生化指标、免疫相关指标、抗氧化指标及肌肉脂肪酸含量的影响。【方法】利用复合菌剂（酵母菌和乳酸菌质量比1：1）发酵穿心莲粉,根据发酵前后成分变化对其微生态功能及药用价值进行分析。将450只15日龄体重250 g左右的黑羽番鸭随机分为5组,每组6个重复,每个重复15只。对照Ⅰ组饲喂基础饲粮,对照Ⅱ组在基础饲粮中添加3%穿心莲粉,发酵Ⅰ、Ⅱ和Ⅲ组分别在基础饲粮中添加1%、3%和5%的发酵穿心莲粉,预试期7 d,正试期48 d。分别于16、21、42、70日龄对番鸭称重,于70日龄从每组随机选取6只番鸭（每个重复随机取1只）屠宰,采集血液、左侧胸肌样品,测定血清生化指标、免疫相关指标及抗氧化指标、肌肉脂肪酸含量。【结果】①穿心莲粉经复合菌剂发酵后,活菌数超过2.0×10⁸ CFU/g,粗纤维含量虽有降低但差异不显著（P>0.05）。②发酵Ⅱ组16~70日龄的料重比显著或极显著低于对照Ⅰ组和发酵Ⅲ组（P<0.05;P<0.01）。③发酵Ⅰ、Ⅱ组的屠宰率均显著高于对照Ⅰ、Ⅱ组（P<0.05）。④发酵Ⅱ、Ⅲ组和对照Ⅱ组番鸭血清的IL-2水平均极显著高于对照Ⅰ组和发酵Ⅰ组（P<0.01）。⑤发酵Ⅱ组的血清丙二醛水平极显著或显著低于对照Ⅰ组和对照Ⅱ组（P<0.01;P<0.05）。⑥发酵Ⅱ组的肌肉不饱和脂肪酸、多不饱和脂肪酸及必需脂肪酸含量均显著或极显著高于对照Ⅰ组（P<0.05;P<0.01）。【结论】与基础饲粮组相比,3%发酵穿心莲粉可显著提高番鸭的生产性能、血清IL-2水平、肌肉不饱和脂肪酸和必需脂肪酸含量,减少番鸭脂质过氧化,提高机体抗氧化能力。此外,3%发酵穿心莲粉对番鸭屠宰率和抗氧化能力的影响要显著优于同比例未发酵穿心莲粉。     

发酵菜籽粕替代豆粕对肉鸡生长性能、肉品质及血清生化指标的影响

本试验旨在研究发酵菜籽粕替代豆粕对肉鸡生长性能、肉品质及血清生化指标的影响。选用23日龄黄羽肉公鸡400只,随机分为4组,每组4个重复,每个重复25只,对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ和Ⅲ组分别在基础日粮中添加3%、6%和9%发酵菜籽粕等营养替代豆粕。试验期43 d。结果表明:①与对照组相比,试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ和Ⅲ组肉鸡平均日增重、平均日采食量和料重比差异均不显著(P>0.05);与试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ组相比,试验Ⅲ组肉鸡平均日增重分别提高16.47%(P<0.05)、15.03%(P<0.05),料重比分别降低7.71%(P<0.05)和4.27%(P>0.05)。②各组肉鸡胸肌的pH₁、pH₂₄、肉色(L^*、a^*、b^*)、蒸煮损失和嫩度差异均不显著(P>0.05);试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ和Ⅲ组肉鸡胸肌的失水率与对照组相比均显著降低(P<0.05)。③与对照组相比,试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ和Ⅲ组肉鸡血清中葡萄糖含量分别降低13.06%(P<0.05)、8.12%(P>0.05)和9.57%(P>0.05);总蛋白含量分别提高2.50%(P>0.05)、20.86%(P<0.05)和33.92%(P<0.05);谷丙转氨酶含量分别降低7.99%(P>0.05)、18.85%(P>0.05)和26.98%(P<0.05)。综上所述,肉鸡日粮中添加3%~9%发酵菜籽粕等营养替代豆粕是可行的,其中添加9%发酵菜籽粕效果最好。     

粪肠球菌对产蛋后期蛋鸡生产性能、蛋品质及肠道组织形态的影响

试验旨在研究添加不同剂量的粪肠球菌对产蛋后期蛋鸡生产性能、蛋品质及肠道形态结构的影响。选取70周龄产蛋率相近的海兰褐蛋鸡270只,随机分为3个处理,每个处理6个重复,每个重复15只鸡。试验设对照组（饲喂基础日粮）、试验Ⅰ组（基础日粮+3.75 mg/kg粪肠球菌）和试验Ⅱ组（基础日粮+7.5 mg/kg粪肠球菌）,预试期7 d,正试期50 d。结果表明,与对照组相比,试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ组产蛋后期蛋鸡产蛋率、产蛋量极显著提高（P<0.01）,料蛋比极显著降低（P<0.01）;与对照组相比,试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ组蛋鸡的蛋壳厚度、蛋壳强度、蛋形指数、蛋白高度、哈夫单位、蛋黄相对重、蛋壳相对重均无显著变化（P>0.05）;与对照组相比,试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ组产蛋后期蛋鸡十二指肠、回肠的黏膜厚度极显著增加（P<0.01）,回肠绒毛高度显著提高（P<0.05）。综上所述,在产蛋后期蛋鸡日粮中添加适宜剂量的粪肠球菌可提高蛋鸡生产性能,改善肠道形态结构。     

日粮中添加氨基酸对焉耆马运动性能、血浆抗氧化能力及代谢指标的影响

试验旨在探讨日粮中添加氨基酸对焉耆马赛后运动性能及抗氧化能力的影响.选取运动成绩、体重、体尺、年龄相近的焉耆马11匹,随机分为3组:对照组(3匹)、试验Ⅰ组(4匹)、试验Ⅱ组(4匹).对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ组分别在基础日粮中添加不同水平氨基酸.试验开始第20天对各组马匹进行20 km模拟比赛,赛后30 min内测定各组试验马匹的体温、脉搏、呼吸,同时采集各试验马匹血液.结果表明,试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ组焉耆马赛后0 min心率均显著低于对照组(P<0.05),赛后20 min心率、赛后5 min呼吸频率均极显著低于对照组(P<0.01);试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ组焉耆马赛后血浆中GSH-Px、T-SOD活力及GLU浓度分别比对照组高34.41%(P>0.05)、37.02%(P<0.01)、37.41%(P<0.01)和32.06%(P>0.05)、35.46%(P<0.01)、26.98%(P<0.05);试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ组焉耆马赛后血浆中MDA、LA浓度分别比对照组低38.46%(P<0.05)、17.56%(P<0.05)和38.26%(P<0.05)、13.04%(P>0.05).饲料中添加氨基酸,可提高焉耆马运动性能,有利于焉耆马运动后生理机能的快速恢复;可提高运动后焉耆马的抗氧化能力,减缓焉耆马在运动期间的疲劳症状,相比而言,添加0.25%赖氨酸的效果较好.     

饮用磁化水对羔羊生长性能、消化代谢和屠宰性能的影响

试验旨在研究饮用磁化水对羔羊生长、消化代谢和屠宰性能的影响。选择12只20日龄、平均体重(5.57±0.36)kg的断奶小尾寒羊公羔,随机分为对照组和试验组,每组6只。在自由采食相同日粮条件下,试验组饮用磁化水,对照组饮用普通水。在95~110(试验前期)和215~230日龄(试验后期)分别进行消化代谢试验,并在240日龄进行屠宰性能测定。结果表明,在试验前期,磁化水组羔羊的干物质自由采食量,干物质、有机物、粗蛋白质、纤维素、半纤维素、钙、磷的表观消化率较对照组分别提高25.5%(P>0.05)、15.2%(P>0.05)、14.4%(P<0.05)、13.5%(P<0.05)、66.3%(P<0.05)、52.3%(P>0.05)、16.4%(P<0.05)和1.3%(P>0.05);在试验后期,分别提高15.3%(P>0.05)、9.0%(P<0.05)、8.8%(P<0.05)、7.7%(P<0.05)、20.6%(P<0.05)、33.5%(P<0.05)、9.8%(P<0.05)和14.5%(P<0.05)。在20~240日龄期间,磁化水组羔羊平均日增重较对照组提高40.8%(P<0.01)。磁化水组羔羊的屠宰活体重、胴体重、胴体净肉率、胴体瘦肉重比对照组分别提高40.8%(P<0.01)、52.3%(P<0.01)、8.8%(P<0.01)和66.2%(P<0.01)。综上所述,饮用磁化水可在一定程度上提高羔羊日粮表观消化率和日增重,改善羔羊的屠宰性能。     

添加油脂对焉耆马运动性能、血浆抗氧化能力及代谢指标的影响

试验旨在探讨日粮中添加油脂对焉耆马赛后运动性能及抗氧化能力的影响。选取运动成绩、体重、体尺、年龄相近的焉耆马9匹,随机分为3组,对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ组分别在基础日粮中添加不同水平的豆油。试验开始第20天对各组马匹进行20 km模拟比赛,赛后30 min内测定各组试验马匹的体温、脉搏、呼吸,同时采集各组马匹血液。结果表明,试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ组焉耆马赛后0 min心率极显著低于对照组(P<0.01),试验Ⅱ组焉耆马赛后5 min呼吸频率极显著低于对照组(P<0.01);试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ组焉耆马赛后血浆中GSH-Px、T-SOD活力浓度分别比对照组高87.60%(P<0.05)、15.87%(P>0.05)和98.38%(P<0.05)、38.25%(P<0.05);试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ组焉耆马血浆中MDA、LA浓度分别比对照组低53.44%(P<0.05)、24.08%(P<0.05)和51.42%(P<0.05)、25.08%(P<0.05)。饲料中添加油脂可提高焉耆马运动性能,有利于焉耆马运动后生理机能的快速恢复,提高运动后焉耆马的抗氧化能力,相比较而言,添加5%油脂组效果较佳。     

饲喂水平对冬毛生长期雄性北极狐生产性能、器官发育及机体能量沉积的影响

旨在研究不同饲喂水平对冬毛生长期雄性北极狐生产性能、器官发育及机体能量沉积的影响。本试验选取46只161日龄,平均体重为（7 285±5.77）g健康的雄性北极狐,其中6只北极狐作为试验初屠宰试验对照,另外40只北极狐随机分成4组（每组10个重复,每个重复1只）,分别按照自由采食组（AL,I组）、自由采食量的80%组（IR80,II组）、自由采食量的60%组（IR60,III组）和自由采食量的40%组（IR40,IV组）4个水平饲喂,预饲期7 d,试验期67 d,通过饲养试验、屠宰试验并结合化学分析方法来评定生长性能、毛皮品质、器官发育及机体能量沉积的各项指标。结果表明：1）随饲喂水平降低,平均干物质采食量（ADFI）呈极显著降低（P<0.01）,II组平均日增重（ADG）极显著高于IV组（P<0.01）,显著高于III组（P<0.05）,与I组差异不显著（P>0.05）;饲喂水平对北极狐末重和料重比（F/G）无显著影响（P>0.05）,但II组末重略高于其他组,F/G略低于其他组。2）饲喂水平极显著影响了北极狐鲜皮长（P<0.01）,I组极显著高于III和IV组,与II组无显著差异（P>0.05）;随饲喂水平降低,体长、干皮长、针毛长和绒毛长均呈降低趋势,但各组间均无显著性差异（P>0.05）。3）饲喂水平显著影响了北极狐心脏重和心脏指数（P<0.05或P<0.01）,II组心脏重显著高于III组（P<0.05）,与I组和IV组差异不显著（P>0.05）,IV组心脏指数极显著高于I组（P<0.01）,显著高于III组（P<0.05）,与II组差异不显著（P>0.05）,而饲喂水平对肝、肾、肺和脾重及其脏器指数均无显著影响（P>0.05）。4）随饲喂水平降低,毛皮增重、毛皮脂肪沉积及其能量沉积、毛皮沉积总能量、胴体脂肪沉积及其能量沉积、胴体蛋白沉积及其能量沉积和胴体沉积总能量均呈降低趋势,但饲喂水平对毛皮、胴体能量沉积各项指标均无显著性影响（P>0.05）。采用适当限饲（IR80）不影响冬毛生长期北极狐机体器官的正常发育,能够保证其体重增长及毛皮品质,提高了饲料转化效率,且还降低了机体能量沉积过度带来的肥胖风险。     

啤酒糟、发酵啤酒糟替代豆粕对肉鹅生长性能、免疫器官指数及肠道菌群的影响

本试验旨在研究啤酒糟、发酵啤酒糟替代豆粕对肉鹅生长性能、免疫器官指数及肠道菌群的影响。选取250只28日龄健康皖西肉鹅,根据体重相近原则随机分为5组,每组5个重复,每个重复10只鹅,对照组饲喂不含任何杂粕类饲料的基础日粮;试验1、2组分别饲喂用10%、20%风干啤酒糟替代基础日粮中豆粕的试验日粮;试验3、4组分别饲喂用10%、20%风干发酵啤酒糟替代基础日粮中豆粕的试验日粮,添加量以基础日粮干物质为基础。试验期43 d,分为早期(28~42日龄)、中期(43~56日龄)、后期(57~70日龄)3个阶段。结果表明:①从整个试验期来看,与对照组相比,试验1组肉鹅平均日增重显著提高(P<0.05),试验4组肉鹅平均日增重和平均采食量显著降低(P<0.05),试验2、3组肉鹅生长性能未发生明显改变(P>0.05)。②与对照组相比,试验1、2、3组肉鹅胸腺指数和脾脏指数在试验早期均极显著提高(P<0.01);在试验中期和后期,仅试验2组肉鹅脾脏指数显著或极显著提高(P<0.05;P<0.01);各组间肉鹅法氏囊指数差异均不显著(P>0.05)。③与对照组相比,试验1、2组肉鹅盲肠中大肠杆菌和沙门氏菌数量在试验早期和后期极显著降低(P<0.01),同时双歧杆菌和乳酸杆菌数量不同程度地增加;试验3、4组双歧杆菌和乳酸杆菌数量在试验后期极显著升高(P<0.01)。综上所述,10%啤酒糟替代日粮中豆粕时可提高其生长性能,改善肉鹅肠道菌群;10%发酵啤酒糟替代豆粕时可促进肠道有益菌的生长,但不影响其生长性能,而20%替代豆粕时则会降低肉鹅采食量和增重,阻碍其生长发育。     

饲粮peNDF对奶公牛反刍、消化、生产性能及瘤胃发酵的影响

试验通过研究饲粮不同物理有效中性洗涤纤维（peNDF）含量对育肥奶公牛反刍、消化、生产性能和瘤胃发酵的影响,旨在为奶公牛生产中配制适宜peNDF含量的全混合日粮（TMR）提供依据。选择30头11月龄、体重（345.57±23.53） kg、健康的中国荷斯坦奶公牛（未阉割）,随机分为试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ和Ⅲ组,每组10头,分别饲喂8.00 mm孔径筛上物peNDF （peNDF_8.00）含量为12.40%、13.75%和14.85%的3种饲粮。结果表明：试验Ⅰ组奶公牛的饲粮采食次数显著高于Ⅱ和Ⅲ组（P<0.05）,试验Ⅱ和Ⅲ组反刍时间、每千克干物质和中性洗涤纤维反刍时间显著高于试验Ⅰ组（P<0.05）。3组间干物质采食量（DMI）、peNDF采食量、平均日增重（ADG）、料重比（F/G）及干物质（DM）、粗蛋白质（CP）、中性洗涤纤维（NDF）、酸性洗涤纤维（ADF）、钙（Ca）和磷（P）表观消化率差异均不显著（P>0.05）。试验Ⅲ组瘤胃pH显著高于Ⅰ和Ⅱ组（P<0.05）,而丙酸浓度显著低于其他2组（P<0.05）。试验Ⅱ和Ⅲ组瘤胃乙丙比、乙酸和氨态氮（NH₃-N）浓度显著高于试验Ⅰ组（P<0.05）。在本试验条件下,3种不同peNDF_8.00水平饲粮对育肥奶公牛生产性能和养分表观消化率影响不显著,饲粮peNDF_8.00为13.75%和14.85%时,奶公牛反刍时间、瘤胃乙丙比、乙酸和NH₃-N浓度显著增加,可使奶公牛保持较佳瘤胃发酵性能。     

日粮添加花生秧和苜蓿草粉对波麻杂交羊增重性能、内脏器官发育及血液指标的影响

为研究日粮添加花生秧和苜蓿草粉对肉羊增重性能、器官发育及血液指标的影响,选取4.5~5.0月龄、体重（21.40±1.15） kg的健康波麻杂交去势羊30只,随机分为3组,每组10只,饲喂花生秧、花生秧+苜蓿草粉、苜蓿草粉为粗饲料的日粮,采用全混合饲粮,各组日粮营养水平基本一致。预试期10 d,正试期60 d,试验始末称重,进行屠宰试验,并采集血液。结果表明：花生秧+苜蓿草粉和苜蓿草粉组宰前活重和胴体重均显著高于花生秧组（P<0.05）,日增重、屠宰率极显著高于花生秧组（P<0.01）,而料重比极显著低于花生秧组（P<0.01）;各组的干物质采食量差异不显著（P>0.05）;除花生秧+苜蓿草粉和苜蓿草粉组瘤胃重量显著高于花生秧组外,各组器官重量及占宰前活重比例差异不显著（P>0.05）;各组间羊血液常规指标值均处于正常范围,花生秧+苜蓿草粉和苜蓿草粉组血清白蛋白、血糖显著高于花生秧组（P<0.05）,尿素氮显著低于花生秧组（P<0.05）;花生秧+苜蓿草粉组平均每kg增重成本最低。总而言之,花生秧和苜蓿草粉搭配使用较单一饲喂效果更好。     

Effects of Fermented Peanut Vine on Production Performance,Slaughter Performance,Serum Biochemical Indexes and Feces' Routine Ingredients in Muscovy Ducks

The aim of this study was to explore the nutritional value of fermented peanut vine and its effects on the production performance,slaughter performance,serum biochemical indexes and feces' routine ingredient in Muscovy ducks.The feasibility of fermented peanut vine that applied to grain-saving feeding in Muscovy ducks was also explored.Three hundred and sixty 15-day-old male Muscovy ducks were randomly divided into 4 groups,6 repetitions in each group,15 ducks each repetition.The ducks in control group were fed with basic diet,while in group Ⅰ were fed with 90% basic diet+10% fermented peanut vine,in group Ⅱ were fed with 85% basic diet+15% fermented peanut vine and in group Ⅲ were fed with 80% basic diet+20% fermented peanut vine.After 7 days pre-feeding period and 48 days feeding period,production performance,slaughter performance and organ indexes were then measured.Meanwhile,serum,muscle and fresh feces were collected for measurement of the levels of biochemical indexes and feces'routine ingredients.The results showed that:① Compared to unfermented peanut vine,CP and Ca levels of fermented peanut vine were elevated by 31.82% (P<0.01) and 97.40% (P<0.01) respectively,while CF,P and H₂O levels were decreased by 2.35% (P<0.05),20.69% (P<0.05) and 53.23% (P<0.01) respectively.Nutritional value of fermented peanut vine was clearly increased.② Compared to control group, F/G of group Ⅰ and Ⅱ were decreased by 6.51% (P<0.01) and 6.84% (P<0.01) respectively.The leg muscle rate of groupⅠ,Ⅱ and Ⅲ were improved by 20.50% (P<0.05),25.55% (P<0.05) and 9.27% (P>0.05) respectively,and liver indexes were increased by 9.90% (P>0.05)、12.23% (P<0.05) and 3.18% (P>0.05) respectively,gizzard indexes were elevated by 17.70% (P<0.05),30.82%(P<0.05) and 36.66% (P<0.05) respectively,and glandular stomach indexes were increased by 1.37% (P>0.05),32.99% (P<0.05) and 36.43% (P<0.05) respectively.③ Fermented peanut vine could affect the levels of TP,ALB,GLB,A/G,ALT,AST,AST/ALT,UREA,UA and CRE in serum of Muscovy ducks.Compared to control group,N,P,K and H₂O levels in feces of ducks were decreased in the test groups.In conclusion,10% and 20% fermented peanut vine could markedly improve the production performance,reduce cost to gain ratio,and did not affect meat performance.But fermented peanut vine might affect the function of liver,kidney and immune in Muscovy ducks.     

Effect of Fermented Peanut Shell on Production Performance,Carcass Traits,Meat Quality and Economic Benefits of Fattening Pigs

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of fermented peanut shell on production performance, carcass traits, meat quality and economic benefits of fattening pigs.100 fattening pigs (Duroc×Landrace×Yorkshire) with an average weight of 50 kg were randomly divided into 5 groups with 4 replicates per group and 5 pigs per replicate.The control group was fed with corn-concentrates-based feed, groups 1 to 4 were fed with the basal diets supplemented with 10% fermented peanut shell, 20% fermented peanut shell, 30% fermented peanut shell and 15% fermentation of corn stalk, respectively.The trial lasted for 66 days.The results showed that ADFI in control group, group 2 and group 3 were significantly higher than that in group 1 and group 4 (P<0.05), ADG in control group and group 3 were significantly higher than that in group 1 and group 4 (P<0.05), there was no significant difference in F/G among all groups (P>0.05).Diarrhea frequencies in groups 1 to 4 were extremely significantly lower than that in control group (P<0.01).There were no significant differences in carcass quality, slaughter rate, backfat thickness and eye muscle area among all groups (P>0.05), lean meat percentage in group 2 was significantly lower than that in control group and group 1 (P<0.05).There were no significant differences in marbling, meat color, tenderness, intramuscular fat, water loss and cooked meat percentage among all groups (P>0.05), water losses in groups 1 to 4 were lower than that in control group, but the differences were not significant (P>0.05).According to the economic benefit analysis showed that in pig from 50 to 90 kg, average profit of each pig in control group was 47.60 yuan, average profits of each pig in groups 1 to 4 were respectively 56.40, 60.40, 78.80 and 58.80 yuan, while group 3 was optimal.Based on the analysis of the above result, the fermented peanut shell had no bad effect on growth performance, carcass traits and meat quality of pigs, and it could effectively reduce the diarrhea frequency of pigs, improve the system of hydraulic of pork, when the fermented peanut shells were appropriatly applied in pigs feed, which could effectively reduce the breeding cost, and improve the economic benefit.     

发酵花生壳对育肥猪生产性能、胴体性状、肉品质及经济效益的影响

本试验旨在研究发酵花生壳对育肥猪生产性能、胴体性状、肉品质及经济效益的影响。选用100头50 kg左右、健康的杜×长×大三元杂交育肥猪,随机分成5组,每组4个重复,每个重复5头猪。对照组饲喂玉米—浓缩料型基础日粮,试验1~4组分别饲喂在基础日粮中添加10%发酵花生壳、20%发酵花生壳、30%发酵花生壳、15%发酵玉米秸秆的试验日粮,试验期66 d。结果表明,对照组及试验2、3组平均日采食量显著高于试验1、4组(P<0.05),对照组和试验3组平均日增重显著高于试验1、4组(P<0.05),各组间料重比差异均不显著(P>0.05),试验1、2、3、4组腹泻频率均极显著低于对照组(P<0.01);各组间胴体质量、屠宰率、背膘厚度、眼肌面积差异均不显著(P>0.05),试验2组瘦肉率显著低于对照组和试验1组(P<0.05);各组间大理石纹、肉色、嫩度、肌内脂肪、失水率及熟肉率差异均不显著(P>0.05),但试验1、2、3、4组失水率低于对照组,差异不显著(P>0.05);根据经济效益分析表明,在育肥猪从50~90 kg阶段,对照组每头猪平均盈利47.60元,试验1、2、3、4组每头猪平均盈利分别为56.40、60.40、78.80、58.80元,其中试验3组最优。综合上述的分析结果可知,发酵花生壳对育肥猪生长性能、胴体性状、肉品质无不良影响,且能有效地降低育肥猪的腹泻频率,提高猪肉的系水力,适当的添加可有效地降低饲养成本,提高经济效益。     

Effect of Soybean Meal Replaced by Fermented Rapeseed Meal on Growth Performance,Meat Quality and Serum Biochemical Indexes of Broilers

This experiment was conducted to study the effect of soybean meal replacement by fermented rapeseed meal on growth performance,meat quality and serum biochemical indexes of broilers.A total 400 23-day-old Yellow-feathered male broilers were randomly divided into 4 groups with 4 replicates per group and 25 broilers per replicate.The broilers in control group were fed a basal diet,and the others were fed the basal diets with the 3% (group Ⅰ),6% (group Ⅱ) and 9% (group Ⅲ) fermented rapeseed meal equal-nutritionally replacing the soybean meal,respectively.The experiment lasted for 43 days.The results showed as follows:① Compared with control group,the ADG,ADFI and F/G of groups Ⅰ,Ⅱ and Ⅲ showed no significant differences (P>0.05);The ADG of group Ⅲ were 16.47% (P<0.05),15.03% (P<0.05) higher than that of groups Ⅰ and Ⅱ,the F/G of group Ⅲ were 7.71% (P<0.05),4.27% (P>0.05) lower than that of groups Ⅰ and Ⅱ.② There were no significant differences in the pH₁,pH₂₄,meat color (L^*,a^*,b^*),cooking loss and tenderness of chest muscle among all groups(P>0.05);Compared with control group,the water loss rate of groups Ⅰ,Ⅱ and Ⅲ were significantly decreased (P<0.05).③ Compared with control group,the serum GLU content of groups Ⅰ,Ⅱ and Ⅲ were decreased by 13.06%(P<0.05),8.12%(P>0.05) and 9.57%(P>0.05);The serum TP content of groups Ⅰ,Ⅱ and Ⅲ were increased by 2.50%(P>0.05),20.86%(P<0.05) and 33.92%(P<0.05);The serum GPT content of groups Ⅰ,Ⅱ and Ⅲ were decreased by 7.99%(P>0.05),18.85%(P>0.05) and 26.98%(P<0.05).It was concluded that it would be feasible to replace the soybean meal with 3% to 9% fermented rapeseed meal in broiler feeding,and the optimum supplemental level of fermented rapeseed meal was 9%.     

Effects of Drinking Magnetized Water on the Growth Performance,Digestion Metabolism and Slaughter Performance of lamb

The experiment was conducted to study the effect of magnetized water on the growth performance, digestion metabolism and slaughter performance of lamb.12 weaned male lambs with average body weight of 5.57 kg±0.36 kg were selected and randomly divided into 2 groups, 6 lambs in each group.2 groups were provided with the same basal diet while lambs in experiment group were given with magnetized water (MW), and that in control group were given with normal water.The digestion metabolism experiments were carried out at 95-110 days and 215-230 days, respectively, and the slaughter performance of lamb was determined at 240 day to study the effects of drinking MW on the growth performance, digestion metabolism and slaughter performance of lamb.The results showed that in the earlier phase, comparing with control group, dry matter voluntary intake and the apparent digestibility of dry matter, organic matter, crude protein, cellulose, hemi-cellulose, calcium and phosphorous of lambs in MW group at 95-110 days were increased by 25.5% (P>0.05), 15.2% (P>0.05), 14.4% (P<0.05), 13.5% (P<0.05), 66.3% (P<0.05), 52.3% (P>0.05), 16.4% (P<0.05)and 1.3% (P>0.05), respectively.In the later phase, that of MW group were increased by 15.3% (P>0.05), 9.0% (P<0.05), 8.8% (P<0.05), 7.7% (P<0.05), 20.6% (P<0.05), 33.5% (P<0.05), 9.8% (P<0.05) and 14.5% (P<0.05), respectively.During 20-220 days, the average daily body weight gain of lambs in WM group was increased by 40.8% (P<0.01)and the live body weight, carcass weight, carcass net meat percentage, carcass lean weight were increased by 40.8% (P<0.01), 52.3% (P<0.01), 8.8% (P<0.01) and 66.2% (P<0.01), respectively.In conclusion, the digestibility of nutrient and daily body weight gain of lamb could be increased and the slaughter performance of lamb be improved to a certain degree by drinking MW.     

复合营养调控剂对冷季放牧绵羊生长性能、屠宰性能和血清生化指标的影响

试验旨在研究不同营养调控剂对冷季放牧绵羊生长性能、屠宰性能和血清生化指标的影响。采用单因素完全随机区组试验设计,将48只健康、体重相近(28.01±1.70)kg的7月龄放牧母羊随机分为4组,Ⅰ组不补饲;Ⅱ组补饲常规精料;Ⅲ组补饲常规精料+复合配方1 (0.30%苹果酸、0.06%半胱胺、0.08%糖萜素);Ⅳ组补饲常规精料+饲料复合配方2 (0.60%苹果酸、0.12%半胱胺、0.16%糖萜素)。其中每组3个重复,每个重复4只,进行45 d饲养试验。结果表明:①试验Ⅲ组末重最高,较Ⅱ组和Ⅳ组分别提高6.26% (P>0.05)、3.69% (P>0.05);试验Ⅲ组平均日增重最高,较Ⅱ组和Ⅳ组分别提高26.32% (P<0.01)、5.74% (P>0.05)。②试验Ⅲ组的屠宰率较Ⅱ组提高4.68% (P>0.05);试验Ⅲ组的净肉率较Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组和Ⅳ组分别提高18.46% (P<0.05)、10.97% (P>0.05)和4.40% (P>0.05);试验Ⅲ组的胴体净肉重较Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组和Ⅳ组分别提高49.74% (P<0.01)、13.22% (P>0.05)和18.27% (P<0.05);试验Ⅲ组的胴体净肉率较Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组和Ⅳ组分别提高10.42% (P<0.01)、6.00% (P>0.05)和3.37% (P>0.05)。③在血清GLU、Ca、P、HDL、LDL、GPT、IgG含量中,试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅳ和Ⅲ组依次呈上升趋势,而其A/G、TG含量依次呈下降趋势。综上,补饲复合营养调控剂可改善冷季放牧绵羊的生长性能、屠宰性能和血清生化指标,其中补饲复合配方1组(试验Ⅲ组)作用效果最佳。