全价颗粒饲料在羊生产中的应用

随着饲料行业的飞速发展和饲料的深入研究,颗粒饲料逐渐引起人们的重视并已应用到实际生产中。近年来,颗粒饲料生产发展迅速,呈现规模化、集约化、现代化的趋势,尤其是在禽类、单胃动物生产中应用广泛,取得了非常好的效果,但在反刍动物中鲜有报道,文章介绍了全价颗粒饲料的加工工艺及在羊生产中的应用,旨在为全价颗粒饲料的推广及在反刍动物生产中的应用提供理论依据。     

亚罗康（ARCON）添加保护剂的试验

亚罗康（ＡＲＣＯＮ）是一种土壤硝化性活菌剂，对畜禽有增重、防病、除臭的显著功效与安全性。亚罗康中的活菌发育成长的温度为３７℃－３８℃，而全价饲料工艺、制作颗粒饲料中必须通过高温会破坏亚罗康功效。本试验在亚罗康活菌剂中添加一定数量保护剂，通过全价饲料工艺，制作颗粒饲料，进行喂鸡试验，其效果很显著。     

颗粒饲料在反刍动物生产中的应用

颗粒饲料具有提高畜禽生产性能,促进胃肠道发育和预防疾病等作用,已开始应用于畜牧生产实践中。本文综述了不同类型的颗粒饲料对反刍动物生产性能、乳品质、饲料转化率和瘤胃发酵的影响,阐述了不同种类的颗粒饲料的饲养效果及注意事项,旨在为颗粒饲料在反刍动物生产中的推广和应用提供科学有效的指导。     

尿素颗粒饲料对绵羊增重的影响

尿素作为一种非蛋白氮饲料,是天然蛋白质的替代品,并且已经在畜牧养殖产业得到了广泛应用,取得了很好的效果。利用反刍动物的胃部特殊功能,用尿素颗粒饲料饲喂反刍动物,对有效提高饲料利用效率有着很大帮助,该种饲喂模式是解决冬春季节青绿饲料供给不足的有效途径。笔者主要结合实际情况,就尿素颗粒饲料对绵羊增重的影响进行分析。     

青贮桑叶的生产工艺、营养作用及其在反刍动物上的应用效果研究进展

青贮桑叶作为许多反刍动物的优质饲料,具有高蛋白、低纤维、适口性好等特点,能改善肉品质、乳品质、生产性能和肠道菌群分布.然而,桑叶的保存是一个很大的问题,青贮是极大保留其营养成分的有效方法,青贮桑叶能为反刍动物提供全年的绿色饲料.本文综述了国内外目前青贮桑叶饲料的加工工艺、营养作用及桑叶在反刍动物上的实际应用效果,旨在为...     

浅议调质工艺影响饲料质量的几个因素

浅议调质工艺影响饲料质量的几个因素广州市饲料研究所李小林大部分厂，特别是中小型饲料厂，一定程度上都存在颗粒饲料产量偏低，出机含粉率偏高，硬度低等缺陷，无形中提高了颗粒料的制作成本，降低了饲料的质量，从而影响了企业的效益和声誉。造成这一结果的最主要的因...     

鲁梅克斯草颗粒的饲喂效果

反刍动物是我国畜牧业发展的重点,草颗粒是反刍动物的最佳饲料形式.用农作物秸秆和鲁梅克斯K-1鲜草制成草颗粒喂育肥牛试验;试验表明:1.鲁梅克斯K-1颗粒化后,其密度大于水的密度,单位体积重量是精饲料的2倍,是铡短玉米秸秆的20倍,高于其它类型的饲料.2.经30天的饲喂试验,试验组和对照组牛均无发病,生长正常,饲喂颗粒饲料的牛在30天内比对照组多增重4.32千克,平均日增重高于134克,即提高增重9.52%.饲喂颗粒饲料牛的饲料转化比提高8.68%.3.经测定牛采食普通饲料的时间每次为60～90分钟,时常有剩下的秸秆或粗料,而采食颗粒饲料的时间每次为45～60分钟即可完成,采食时间缩短约30～50%.试验中还可发现,采食颗粒饲料牛食欲很好,进食速度较快,表现颗粒饲料对动物的适口性好.     

颗粒饲料在畜牧业生产中的研究与应用

本文综述了近15年来对颗粒饲料的研究成果,详细介绍了颗粒饲料的便于贮藏、包装、运输,防止畜禽挑食,减少饲料浪费,提高畜禽适口性,增加采食量等优点,并就其在反刍动物、单胃动物和水产养殖中的应用作了详细的论述。     

膨润土在家兔颗粒饲料生产的应用前景

近年来,在我国膨润土已被广泛的应用到动物养殖业中,特别是作为反刍动物饲料的饲料添加剂。着重介绍膨润土的结构和独特的理化性质,能够吸附动物机体内的病菌,改善胃肠道内环境,减少腹泻,在一定程度上减少抗生素的使用。简单的介绍颗粒饲料的优点及其应用。最后对膨润土在生长兔颗粒饲料的应用前景进行展望。     

反刍动物对碳水化合物饲料的利用

阐述反刍动物对碳水化合物饲料的消化过程,并针对反刍动物对碳水化合物的消化特点,对反刍动物饲料配合生产中碳水化合物的选择提出建议.     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …     

鸡败血支原体垂直传播模式及其阻断方法

以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.