我国稻—麦两熟种植制度的创新与发展

中国是农业文明古国 ,早在７０００年前的新石器时代早期 ,就已进入“耜耕农业”阶段 ,约在５０００年前进入“犁耕农业”阶段。麦稻两熟始见于宋代 ,期间 ,水稻、旱粮间作复种耕作制度在我国长江流域已发展到相当规模 ,精耕细作技术已发展得相当完善。新中国成立后 ,增加粮食产量一直是我国农业生产的重点 ,改革种植制度、提高复种指数是粮食生产的重要途径。种植制度变革的重要标志是 ,双季稻种植北缘由原先的２８°Ｎ推进到３１～３２°Ｎ地区 ;稻麦二熟由原先的长江流域推进到华北平原的北缘(４０°Ｎ) ;１９７５年前后全国耕地复种指数…     

麦后移栽棉种植制度的技术经济效应

为了地尽其用,增加全年农田收入,采取一年两熟或多熟种植制度提高土地复种指数,是我国种植业系统的一大特色。并已成为缓解土地资源不足与农产品需求日益增长之间矛盾的技术保障。江苏省棉田种植制度的发展也围绕着提高土地复种指数这一主轴,经历了一熟直播棉→麦套直播棉→麦套移栽棉→麦(油)后移栽棉的发展过程。在这一过程中,复种指数     

随州市42万亩麦茬杂交中稻亩产1200斤的经验

随州市位于鄂中丘陵北部,地处北纬31°19’至32°25’,东经113°03’至114°46’,属低山丘陵区。种植制度以麦稻、麦棉两熟为主,是湖北省的主要粮棉产区。 三中全会以后,农业生产布局得到了调整。尤其是调双(调减双季稻)扩优(发展杂交中稻),麦稻两熟制得到发展,夏粮、中稻产量成倍增加,粮食夏播面积1985年为205.74万亩,比1978年减少40.31万亩,但粮食总产量由1978年的118542万斤上升到158858万斤,增长34%,全年粮食单产由1978年的482斤提高到1985年的773斤,上升60.3%。播种面积减少,而粮食产量大幅度上升,主要是大力发展了杂交水稻。1983年全…     

浙江省旱地农业开发的特点与经验

近年来,浙江省农业生产在继续挖掘稻田(主要是稻麦)增产潜力的同时,特别重视旱地农业的开发,狠抓以吨粮地建设为目标的旱地耕作制度改革,提高旱地复种指数,增加综合投入,大力推广早地多熟立体种植制度,取得了显著的效果。     

“马铃薯—稻—再生稻”三熟制栽培技术

1　前　言我县城郊外舍、澄照、大均等乡地处浙南山区北纬 2 7°39′～ 2 8°11′和东经 119°14′～ 119°5 9′之间。光温资源相对较差 ,年平均气温 17 5℃ ,年均日照时数 172 8 5ｈ ,年均无霜期 2 4 1ｄ ,>0℃积温5 4370 ,年均降雨量为 16 6 1 2ｍｍ。种植“薯—稻—稻”三熟制温光资源不足 ,种“薯稻”两熟温光资源有余的山垄有 16 0余ｈｍ2 。为了提高这部分农田的复种指数和单产 ,缓解春粮和春花 (马铃薯、蚕豌豆、小麦、油菜和紫云英 )等作物收获后种植双季稻季节紧 ,连作晚稻又不易获得稳产高产的矛盾。我站农业科技人员从 1998年开…     

长江流域棉区麦（油）棉两熟种植的棉花增密减肥轻简高效技术

为促进长江流域棉区棉花生产的可持续发展,针对该棉区传统营养钵育苗移栽方式和配套栽培技术存在的制约棉花生产发展的问题,基于麦（油）棉两熟种植制度,研究形成了轻型育苗、机械化移栽和麦（油）后直播棉种植方式;并开展了新型种植方式下配套的增密和减肥技术研究,建成了适于长江流域棉区麦（油）棉两熟种植制度的棉花增密减肥轻简高效技术体系,为轻简高效植棉技术的进一步推广提供技术指导。     

烟台地区小沟麦套种花生实验示范结果简报

“农业学大寨”群众运动的深入开展,加快了农田基本建设的步伐,生产条件逐步改善,麦田面积不断扩大,复种指数越来越高。新形势的发展,必然带来种植制度上的革命,科学种田技术的提高。展望未来,复种指数的提高,春花生的减少,提出了一个如何正确地解决粮油争地争春矛盾,夺取粮油双丰收的问题。 经过三年的实践,在水浇地改变小麦种法,采用小沟麦代替畦田麦套种花生,是一条符合“一季增产,全年增产,持续增产”要求的粮油双丰收的新途径。同时还得出,搞好小麦播种基础,抓好套种适期,搭配早中熟花生良种,加强麦后管     

创新南疆地区“两年三熟”种植制度，挖掘棉花冬闲田粮食生产能力

粮食安全是“国之大者”，牢牢把住粮食安全的根本在耕地。南疆地区现有植棉面积约146.67万hm²（约2 200万亩），多为棉花单作的“一年一熟”种植制度，将其创新为棉花-小麦-棉花轮作的“两年三熟”种植制度，具有年增种66.67万hm²（1 000万亩）冬小麦的潜力，是保障国家粮食安全的重要创新技术。当前“两年三熟”种植制度在南疆地区已具备发展条件，初步形成了“接茬明确、效益显著、适应性强”的配套技术体系。后续将围绕“两年三熟”种植制度发展目标，在种植制度区划、品种筛选与技术研发、节水技术创新集成、全程机械化生产体系创建等方面持续攻关，扩大“两年三熟”种植面积和影响力。总之，“两年三熟”种植制度是优化调整南疆地区种植结构的科学尝试，是落实“藏粮于地、藏粮于技”战略的重要举措。     

富阳市茶叶生产气候因素分析

浙江省富阳市地处浙西北山地丘陵区,位于北纬29°44′45″～30°11′45″,东经119°25′22”～120°9′18″之间,气候属中亚热带北缘季风区,四季分明,兼有南北之利,利于茶树生长。但富阳市境内多山地丘陵,具有“八山半水分半田”的地理特征,地形变化大,小气候特征明显,同时受季风气候不稳定的影响,茶叶生产易受春冻、夏旱等灾害性天气影响。为进一步促进富阳市茶叶生产稳步发展,特对富阳市茶叶生产气候因素作一分析。     

调整种植结构发展大麦生产

随着我国加入WTO后调整和优化农业生产结构,引导广大农民扩大种植优质品种,压缩滞销农产品的生产已成为当前必然发展趋势.我区位于北纬47°42′～51°03′,东经124°45′～129°18′之间.农作物总播种面积45.4万hm2.种植结构中以大豆、小麦生产为主占总播种面积的73.3%.     

Allelopathy in Agroecosystems in Spain

Summary

This paper reviews the effects of allelopathic interactions in agroecosystems in Spain on plant physiological activity and their ecological advantages. The phenological stage of growth of donor plants and the effective allelochemicals in the soil solution while studying the role of phenolic compounds were highlighting. Finally possible future prospects and conclusions regarding weed control by allelochemi-cals under integrated crop management strategies are discussed.     

Factors in the Reduction in Grain Number in Winter Wheat by Early-Sowing in Yamaguchi

Abstract

Grain number per spike of wheat is lower in early sowing than in the conventional standard cultivation in Yamaguchi, Prefecture, Japan. Components of the grain number per spike in five cultivars were analyzed with respect to temperature during the spike development period throughout three growing seasons 2001/2002, 2002/2003 and 2003/2004 to find the cause of the problem of early sowing cultivation. The plants sown in early-October and late-November were called the early sown group and the standard group, respectively, in the following. Three of the five cultivars, Hokushin, Akitakko and Nanbukomugi, showed a strong winter habit, which requires very cold temperatures for spike differentiation. The other two cultivars, Iwainodaichi and Airakomugi, had a moderate winter habit. Grain number per spike and grain yield were decreased by early-sowing (compare with the standard group) in almost all cultivars throughout the three growing seasons. The three cultivars which had a strong winter habit had fewer spikelets per spike in the early-sown group than in the standard group. The other two cultivars which had a moderate winter habit had fewer grains per spikelet in the early-sown group. The higher the temperature during the spikelet formation phase, which is from flag leaf initiation to terminal spikelet initiation, the higher the number of spikelets per spike in the standard group. The spikelet number per spike in the early-sown group increased with the increase in productive tillers under fertile conditions. Such conditions also increased the grain number per spike.     

Diurnal changes in net photosynthetic rate in potato in two environments

Summary Diurnal changes in net photosynthetic rate were measured in a furrow-irrigated potato crop and in a riverbed crop where the water table was always maintained at 20–28 cm from the soil surface. In the irrigated crop, the photosynthetic rate during mid-afternoon was about half the peak rate observed at noon. This reduction was accompanied by a near tripling of stomatal resistance, a 45% reduction in transpiration, and a 5-fold increase in the difference between leaf and air temperatures. No such changes were observed in the riverbed crop where the photosynthetic rate remained nearly constant at about 0.9 mg m⁻² s⁻¹ between 9 a.m. and 4 p.m. Tuber yield in the riverbed crop was about 30% higher than in the irrigated crop.     

我国干热区甘蔗抗旱植蔗主要问题研讨

我国干热蔗区是我国甘蔗糖业的重要生产基地,蔗区光热资源丰富,唯降水分布不均成为植蔗生产的主要限制因子;根据蔗区植蔗特点和甘蔗需水规律,苗期抗旱是干热蔗区抗旱植蔗的关键,保证较多的总苗数和足够的生长量是苗期抗旱植蔗需解决的关键技术难题,制定相应的苗期抗旱植蔗栽培技术措施是解决该难题的重要保障;该观点为我国干热蔗区植蔗生产、甘蔗引育种提供理论和技术支持。     

棉花体细胞无性系变异的研究进展

体细胞无性系变异是一种重要的细胞工程育种技术,其应用于棉花育种的前提是建立高效的组织培养诱导再生植株体系.本文简要综述了棉花离体诱导植株再生研究的现状,重点讨论了棉花体细胞无性系变异的表现、利用方法及机理,提出了当前研究存在的问题并对今后的研究进行了展望.     

我国高粱育种研究进展

对我国高粱育种的主要途径和研究方向进行了概述,针对目前高粱产量徘徊现象,提出了高粱超高产育种设想,并对其技术路线进行了探讨。     

2009年中国稻米市场分析及2010年展望

以翔实的资料对2009年中国稻米生产、消费、进出口、供求平衡、库存、价格走势、购销政策和国际稻米供求等情况进行了全面地分析,对影响2010年稻米市场价格走势的各种因素进行了深入研究,并在此基础上对2010年我国稻米市场价格走势进行了预测,结论是我国稻米价格仍呈上行趋势。     

Advances in Variable Rate Technology Application in Potato in The Netherlands

Precision agriculture is a farming management concept based on observing, measuring and responding to inter- and intra-field variability in crops. In this paper, we focus on responding to intra-field variability in potato crops and analyse variable rate applications (VRAs). We made an overview of potential VRAs in potato crop management in The Netherlands. We identified 13 potential VRAs in potato, ranging from soil tillage to planting to crop care to selective harvest. We ranked them on availability of ‘proof of concept’ and on-farm test results. For five VRAs, we found test results allowing to make a cost-benefit assessment. These five VRAs were as follows: planting, soil herbicide weed control, N side dress, late blight control and haulm killing. They use one of two types of spatial data: soil maps or biomass index maps. Data on costs and savings of the VRAs showed that the investments in VRAs will pay off under practical conditions in The Netherlands. Savings on pesticide use and N-fertilizer use with the VRAs were on average about 25%, which benefits the environment too. We foresee a slow but gradual adoption of VRAs in potato production. More VRAs will become available given ongoing R&D. The perspectives of VRAs in potatoes are discussed.