Fusarium mangiferae对杧果酚类代谢的影响

为探讨杧果感染畸形病过程中顶芽内酚类代谢的变化规律,以凯特杧为试验材料,测定了接种病菌(Fusarium mangiferae)后顶芽内总酚、类黄酮含量及酚类代谢相关酶(POD、PPO和PAL)活性的变化趋势。结果表明,接种病菌后杧果顶芽内总酚、类黄酮含量出现先上升后下降的变化趋势,其峰值分别出现在接种病菌45 d和30 d,酚类代谢相关酶中PAL活性变化与总酚含量变化趋势相同,POD和PPO活性在接种病菌后直线上升。F.mangiferae侵染对杧果酚类代谢产生显著影响,可干扰杧果顶芽内总酚、类黄酮的含量变化,影响其相关酶活性,降低杧果对病菌的抵抗能力。杧果酚代谢紊乱失衡可能是病菌的重要致病机理之一。     

Fusarium mangiferae侵染对凯特杧内源激素含量的影响

为探讨杧果感染畸形病过程中顶芽内源激素含量的变化规律,以凯特杧为试验材料,测定了接种病菌（Fusarium mangiferae）后顶芽内生长素（IAA）、赤霉素（GA3）和脱落酸（ABA）含量的变化情况。结果表明：接种病菌后,杧果顶芽内赤霉素和生长素含量急速上升,且在整个试验阶段明显高于健康处理,脱落酸含量在试验后期不断升高;分析发现,F. mangiferae侵染能够显著影响杧果顶芽内源激素的含量,改变IAA/ABA和GA3/ABA的平衡,致使杧果的生长发育受到影响,进而引发畸形病的产生。     

粤西1号芒果成熟阶段的蔗糖代谢

以粤西1号为试材研究了芒果果实成熟阶段淀粉、葡萄糖、果糖和蔗糖的含量以及蔗糖代谢相关酶-酸性转化酶(AI)、中性转化酶(NI)、蔗糖合成酶(SS)和蔗糖磷酸合成酶(SPS)的活性变化.结果表明:采收前淀粉含量逐渐减少,采收后快速减少;葡萄糖含量采收后呈先增后减的趋势,果糖含量采收前缓慢增加,采收后开始迅速增加,蔗糖变化与果糖变化趋势一致,完熟时含量最多的糖为蔗糖(62.55 mg,g),果糖次之(44.45 mg/g),葡萄糖最少(2.87mg/g).AI、NI、SS、SPS在采收前活性差别不大,在后熟阶段,AI、SS、SPS活性显著增加,且SPS活性达到最高值.粤西1号糖代谢以积累蔗糖为主,2种酶SPS和SS起关键作用.     

茶树接种VA菌根的生理特性研究

茶树接种VA菌根（丛枝菌根）的生理特性研究表明,茶树叶片接种VA菌根50d后,其叶绿素含量都高于未接种的。在光合有效辐射0~1200μmol/m²·s,接种VA菌根的茶树,其净光合速率、气孔导度、蒸腾速率等均有提高;而水分利用率前期快速增加,达到高峰然后下降;茶树叶片相对含水量先上升后下降,叶片的自然饱和亏逐渐降低。接种VA菌根后,随着侵染率的增加,茶树叶片的丙二醛含量越少,脯氨酸的含量先降低后升高。VA菌根能够提高茶树保护酶的活性,在生长到90d时,过氧化物酶（POD）活性达到最高值,超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性先升高再降低,但增加幅度均比较小;对过氧化氢酶（CAT）活性的影响一直高于未接种的。     

硫酸钾不同施肥方法对菠萝果实发育过程中糖含量及相关酶活性的影响

以栽培管理条件一致的‘巴厘’菠萝为试材,研究钾肥的不同处理对菠萝果实发育过程中糖分组成、含量以及蔗糖代谢相关酶活性的影响。结果表明,钾肥处理提高了菠萝果实内果糖、葡萄糖和蔗糖含量。果实不同发育时期,不同处理对果实蔗糖代谢酶的变化具有不同影响,但总的变化趋势是一致的,均表现为随着果实的逐步成熟、糖逐渐积累,转化酶活性、蔗糖合成酶(SS)活性由低到高逐步上升,蔗糖磷酸合成酶(SPS)活性先升高后降低。不同处理均增加了果实转化酶和蔗糖合成酶分解活性,降低了果实的蔗糖磷酸合成酶和蔗糖合成酶合成活性。其中以喷施K2SO4和土施K2SO4混合使用对果实糖含量和相关酶活性的影响效果最好,其次为喷施K2SO4,土施的效果不明显。表明,在土施和喷施2种方法一起使用时,果实是通过改变4种酶的活力来提高库强度。果实库强度增加的同时,相应地促进了同化产物的运输。     

文心兰响应软腐病菌胁迫的生理生化分析

通过细菌性软腐病菌液针刺接种文心兰‘小樱桃’假鳞茎,分别在0、8、16、24、32 h时取假鳞茎上第一片叶,测定其叶绿素荧光特性[最大光合效率F_v/F_m、实际光合效率Y(Ⅱ)、调节性能量耗散的量子产额Y(NPQ)、非调节性能量耗散的量子产额Y(NO)],超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）,过氧化物酶（POD）,过氧化氢酶（CAT）,多酚氧化酶（PPO）的酶活性,丙二醛（MDA）,木质素及可溶性糖含量的变化。结果表明,随着侵染时间的延长,F_v/F_m、Y(Ⅱ)、Y(NPQ)逐渐下降,Y(NO)逐渐升高,光合系统受损;PPO活性及木质素含量逐渐下降;SOD、POD活性逐渐升高;CAT活性与可溶性糖含量先上升后下降;MDA含量在0~24 h逐渐下降,24 h后趋于平缓。探明文心兰感染软腐病后其抗性机制,建立抗性鉴定的生理方法。     

外源二乙基二硫代氨基甲酸钠 对花期淹水大豆碳代谢的影响

      为了研究二乙基二硫代氨基甲酸钠（DDTC）对大豆碳水化合物代谢的调节作用,为大豆抗渍涝栽培提供技术支持,本研究以渍涝敏感型大豆品种徐豆18和耐渍涝品种南农1138-2为材料,采用盆栽的方式,花期淹水前喷施DDTC,调查大豆叶片光合特性、蔗糖代谢酶活性及叶片、根系和根瘤中碳水化合物含量。结果表明：淹水胁迫降低了植株地上部、根系和根瘤干物重,叶片净光合速率（Pn）、气孔导度（Gs）、胞间二氧化碳浓度（Ci）、蒸腾速率（Tr）,根系中淀粉含量、根瘤中蔗糖和淀粉含量。其中,南农1138-2植株干物重,叶片光合气体交换参数以及根系中淀粉含量比徐豆18下降幅度小,而两品种间根瘤中蔗糖和淀粉含量下降幅度基本一致。与之不同,叶片中蔗糖磷酸合成酶（SPS）、蔗糖合成酶（SS）（合成方向）活性、SS（分解方向）、酸性转化酶（AI）活性,叶片可溶性糖、蔗糖和淀粉含量,根系中可溶性糖、蔗糖含量增加。其中,南农1138-2叶片中蔗糖合成酶（SS）（分解方向）和酸性转化酶（AI）活性、可溶性糖、蔗糖和淀粉含量增幅较小,而叶片中蔗糖磷酸合成酶（SPS）、SS（合成方向）活性增幅较大。DDTC处理提高了淹水胁迫下两品种植株干物重,缓解了淹水胁迫对大豆植株生长的抑制;提高了叶片光合气体交换参数,叶片中SPS和SS（合成方向）活性,并降低了SS（分解方向）和AI活性,促进了淹水胁迫下叶片中蔗糖向根系和根瘤的转运;DDTC处理也增加了根系中可溶性糖、蔗糖和淀粉含量,根瘤中蔗糖和淀粉含量,表明DDTC处理在调控淹水胁迫下大豆植株生长和碳代谢生理过程中起着重要的作用。     

ABA对水分胁迫下水稻籽粒灌浆的调节

 利用水平分根系统研究了水稻抽穗后水分胁迫条件下ABA对水稻品种汕优63叶片光合特性、糖代谢和籽粒灌浆过程的调节。当一半根系受干旱胁迫时，叶片的水势和相对含量变化很小，但叶片和籽粒内ABA的含量显著增加。整个根系受干旱胁迫时，叶片的水势和相对含水量随着胁迫的增加而显著地降低，ABA含量则显著增加。半干和全干处理的水稻叶片的光合速率和RuBP羧化酶／氧化酶（Rubisco）的活性显著下降。叶片内蔗糖和淀粉的积累和代谢与叶片内ABA的含量和水分状况存在密切的关系，低浓度的ABA和高的叶水势与高的蔗糖积累和蔗糖磷酸合成酶活性相一致，但当叶片ABA的浓度增加时，即使叶片的水势与对照相似，叶片的蔗糖和淀粉积累以及蔗糖磷酸合成酶的活性则显著地下降，叶片的α－和β－淀粉酶活性似与ABA和水分状况关系不密切。ABA对籽粒灌浆有显著的抑制作用，ABA对籽粒灌浆的抑制作用至少部分与其对催化水稻籽粒内蔗糖代谢和淀粉积累的关键酶蔗糖合成酶的抑制有关。另外，干旱处理对叶片光合速率和蔗糖与淀粉积累的抑制程度显著高于半干旱处理，说明干旱本身也对这些过程有直接的效应。根据这些结果，作者认为，当水稻遇到干旱胁迫时，ABA对其光合作用、糖代谢以及籽粒的发育过程都有极其显著的调节作用。还就ABA对这些生理过程调节的可能性进行了讨论     

夏梢生长条件下树干供糖对‘砂糖橘’幼果糖代谢及脱落的影响

为探讨碳素营养在柑橘坐果中的作用,以7年生‘砂糖橘’（Citrus reticulata Blanco）为材料,在夏梢生长期采用树干注射蔗糖溶液的方式进行树体供糖处理,分析供糖对幼果糖含量、糖代谢相关酶活性及其脱落的影响。结果表明：夏梢生长促进幼果大量脱落,树干注射蔗糖可促进幼果发育和抑制幼果脱落,花后85 d（夏梢生长15 d）累积落果率为73.35%,比留梢对照下降10.05%。树干注射蔗糖溶液明显促进幼果中蔗糖、淀粉含量的积累,显著抑制幼果中酸性转化酶（AI）、中性转化酶（NI）活性,而对蔗糖磷酸合成酶（SPS）、蔗糖合成酶（SS）活性影响不明显。据此认为,夏梢生长条件下树干供应蔗糖溶液,通过抑制幼果中蔗糖分解酶（AI和NI）活性的方式促进蔗糖积累,从而有利于坐果。树干供糖并没有显著降低落果率,仅部分抵消夏梢生长对幼果脱落的影响,说明除糖代谢外,同时还存在其他因子参与幼果脱落的调控。     

施磷量对弱筋小麦扬麦9号籽粒淀粉合成和积累特性的调控效应

以弱筋小麦扬麦9号为材料，在缺磷土壤（速效磷含量4．1mg／kg）上进行施磷量试验，研究施磷量对小麦籽粒淀粉合成、积累及相关酶活性的影响。结果表明。在施磷（P2O5）0～108kg／ha范围内，增加施磷量，籽粒直链淀粉、支链淀粉、总淀粉积累量、积累速率上升，旗叶蔗糖磷酸合成酶（SPS）活性和蔗糖含量提高，籽粒蔗糖合成酶（SS）活性增强。籽粒蔗糖含量提高。籽粒ADPG焦磷酸化酶（AGPP）、可溶性淀粉合成酶（ssS）、束缚态淀粉舍成酶（GBSS）活性提高，成熟籽粒直链淀粉、支链淀粉、总淀粉含量下降。施磷量超过108kg／ha后，直链淀粉、支链淀粉、总淀粉积累量、积累速率及蔗糖含量、SPS、SS、AGPP、SSS、GBSS酶活性呈下降趋势。     

Mineral composition of some traditional Mexican teas

Teas of plant origin traditionally consumed by the Mountain Pima of Chihuahua, Mexico, were analyzed for mineral nutritional content. Fe, Cu, Zn, Ca, and Mg composition was determined for native teas made from shoots ofTagetes lucida, T. filifolia, Elytraria imbricata, andHolodiscus dumosus, and from root xylem ofCeanothus depressus andPhaseolus ritensis. Native uses of these teas are also described.     

Comparative Assessment of the Efficacy of Various Nitrogen Fertilizers

Summary

The efficiency of N fertilizers is usually poor; often less than 50% of the applied N is taken up by the crop. This review focuses on various N fertilizers with respect to the significance of different N loss pathways, namely (i) ammonia volatilization, (ii) dinitrogen and nitrogen oxide emissions, and (iii) nitrate leaching. Further, the significance of biological N immobilization, ammonium fixation and, finally, the impact of nitrate vs. ammonium uptake on crop yield are also discussed. The reviewed literature shows that N fertilizers may differ markedly in their susceptibility to losses. There is, however, considerable scope to improve N efficiency of each N source by proper N management practices.     

Redox Status and Neuro Inflammation Indexes in Cerebellum and Motor Cortex of Wistar Rats Supplemented with Natural Sources of Omega-3 Fatty Acids and Astaxanthin: Fish Oil,Krill Oil,and Algal Biomass

Health authorities worldwide have consistently recommended the regular consumption of marine fishes and seafood to preserve memory, sustain cognitive functions, and prevent neurodegenerative processes in humans. Shrimp, crabs, lobster, and salmon are of particular interest in the human diet due to their substantial provision of omega-3 fatty acids (n-3/PUFAs) and the antioxidant carotenoid astaxanthin (ASTA). However, the optimal ratio between these nutraceuticals in natural sources is apparently the key factor for maximum protection against most neuro-motor disorders. Therefore, we aimed here to investigate the effects of a long-term supplementation with (n-3)/PUFAs-rich fish oil, ASTA-rich algal biomass, the combination of them, or krill oil (a natural combination of both nutrients) on baseline redox balance and neuro-inflammation indexes in cerebellum and motor cortex of Wistar rats. Significant changes in redox metabolism were only observed upon ASTA supplementation, which reinforce its antioxidant properties with a putative mitochondrial-centered action in rat brain. Krill oil imposed mild astrocyte activation in motor cortex of Wistar rats, although no redox or inflammatory index was concomitantly altered. In summary, there is no experimental evidence that krill oil, fish oil, oralgal biomass (minor variation), drastically change the baseline oxidative conditions or the neuro-inflammatory scenario in neuromotor-associated rat brain regions.     

Potential of dry fractionation of wheat bran for the development of food ingredients,part II: Electrostatic separation of particles

Wheat bran is a composite material made of several layers, such as pericarp, testa and aleurone. It could be fractionated into purified fractions, which might either be used as food ingredients, or serve as a starting material for extraction of bioactive compounds. The aim of this work was to evaluate the potential of using electrostatic separation as a way to obtain purified fractions from wheat bran. Ultrafine-ground bran obtained either by cryogenic grinding or by grinding at ambient temperature was used as starting material. The ultrafine bran was then charged by tribo-electrification and introduced in a chamber containing two high voltage electrodes, where bran particles were separated depending on their acquired charge, allowing positively and negatively charged fractions to be collected separately. The particle size distribution, microstructure and biochemical composition of the obtained fractions were studied. The charge of the particles was influenced by their biochemical composition: particles rich in highly branched and cross-linked arabinoxylans (pericarp) were separated from particles rich in β-glucan, ferulic acid and para-coumaric acid (aleurone cell walls). The testa and the intracellular compounds from aleurone were not highly charged, neither positively nor negatively. The most positively charged fraction represented 34% of the initial bran, and contained 62% of the ferulic acid present in the initial bran. The yield of the separation process was good (5.4% loss), and could be further increased.     

Novel food and non-food uses for sorghum and millets

Sorghum and millets have considerable potential in foods and beverages. As they are gluten-free they are suitable for coeliacs. Sorghum is also a potentially important source of nutraceuticals such antioxidant phenolics and cholesterol-lowering waxes. Cakes, cookies, pasta, a parboiled rice-like product and snack foods have been successfully produced from sorghum and, in some cases, millets. Wheat-free sorghum or millet bread remains the main challenge. Additives such as native and pre-gelatinised starches, hydrocolloids, fat, egg and rye pentosans improve bread quality. However, specific volumes are lower than those for wheat bread or gluten-free breads based on pure starches, and in many cases, breads tend to stale faster. Lager and stout beers with sorghum are brewed commercially. Sorghum's high-starch gelatinisation temperature and low beta-amylase activity remain problems with regard to complete substitution of barley malt with sorghum malt . The role of the sorghum endosperm matrix protein and cell wall components in limiting extract is a research focus. Brewing with millets is still at an experimental stage. Sorghum could be important for bioethanol and other bio-industrial products. Bioethanol research has focused on improving the economics of the process through cultivar selection, method development for low-quality grain and pre-processing to recover valuable by-products. Potential by-products such as the kafirin prolamin proteins and the pericarp wax have potential as bioplastic films and coatings for foods, primarily due to their hydrophobicity.     

<Emphasis Type="Italic">Pulque</Emphasis>, An Alcoholic Drink from Rural Mexico,Contains Phytase. Its <Emphasis Type="Italic">in vitro</Emphasis> Effects on Corn Tortilla

Pulque is made by fermenting the agave sap or aguamiel of Agave atrovirens with a whole array of microorganisms present in the environment including several lactic acid bacteria and yeasts such as Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Ascorbic acid was determined in pulque and aguamiel, respectively. Phytase activity in lees, liquid and freeze-dried pulque was assayed by measuring the appearance of phosphate from phytate by a colorimetric method likewise phosphate from phytate present in fresh corn tortilla was measured after in vitro incubation with pulque. Iron, zinc, calcium, magnesium and selenium contents were measured in pulque and corn tortilla as well as in nixtamalized corn flour (NCF), the latter is used to make instant tortilla, since corn provides most of the energy as well as most of the phytate in the Mexican rural diet. Pulque showed phytase activity but much less ascorbic acid and iron than previously reported; additionally, phytase in pulque hydrolyzed most of phytate’s corn tortilla. Lees, which is mostly made of pulque’s microbiota, significantly accumulated iron and zinc but no selenium. NCF was fortified with iron by the manufacturers but poorly blended. There were significant differences on selenium content between tortillas samples, apparently some soils in central Mexico are selenium deficient. Moderate pulque intake appears to increase the bioavailability of iron and zinc bound by phytate in corn.     

Cytoplasmic substitution inSolanum. II. Tuber characteristics of reciprocal backcross progeny

Summary Recurrent backcrosses (BC) were used to introduce nuclear factors ofS. tuberosum L. ssp.tuberosum into the cytoplasm of Andean potatoesS. tuberosum ssp.andigena (Juz. and Buk.) Hawkes andS. phureja Juz. and Buk. Each generation BC was produced in reciprocal directions to test the effect of cytoplasmic substitution on yield. This report analyses tuber number, tuber weight, and tuber length of BC₂ and BC₃ substitution into ssp.andigena cytoplasm and BC₂ and BC₂ substitutions intoS. phureja cytoplasm. Direction of cross had no consistent significant effect on yield components of ssp.andigena substitution lines. InS. phureja reciprocal progenies direction of cross was responsible for significant differences of some reciprocal sets. When there were significant differences the higher yield usually occurred when ssp.tuberosum was the pistillate parent, but in some progenies when ssp.tuberosum was the pistillate parent the yield was significantly lower than in the reciprocals. It is suggested that differences between reciprocals resulted from chromosomally encoded gene action, resulting from maternal and/or paternal effects, rather than cytoplasmic factors. Authorized for publication as paper No. 7494 in the Journal Series of The Pennsylvania Agriculture Experiment Station.     

Pharmacokinetics of Marine-Derived Drugs

Marine organisms represent an excellent source of innovative compounds that have the potential for the development of new drugs. The pharmacokinetics of marine drugs has attracted increasing interest in recent decades due to its effective and potential contribution to the selection of rational dosage recommendations and the optimal use of the therapeutic arsenal. In general, pharmacokinetics studies how drugs change after administration via the processes of absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME). This review provides a summary of the pharmacokinetics studies of marine-derived active compounds, with a particular focus on their ADME. The pharmacokinetics of compounds derived from algae, crustaceans, sea cucumber, fungus, sea urchins, sponges, mollusks, tunicate, and bryozoan is discussed, and the pharmacokinetics data in human experiments are analyzed. In-depth characterization using pharmacokinetics is useful for obtaining information for understanding the molecular basis of pharmacological activity, for correct doses and treatment schemes selection, and for more effective drug application. Thus, an increase in pharmacokinetic research on marine-derived compounds is expected in the near future.     

La pourriture fongique des tubercules de pomme de terre en atmosphère contrôlée

Résumé Fusarium culmorum et, dans une moindre mesure,F. avenaceum, F. sambucinum, Colletotrichum coccodes etCylindrocarpon sp. ont été isolés de tubercules entreposés en atmosphère contr?lée (AC) et atteints de pourriture grave. Des expériences d'inoculation de tubercules avec 10 espèces ou variétés fongiques et conservation en AC à 8 et 10°C ont montré que: 1) les champignons non pathogènes en atmosphère normale (ex.:Cylindrocarpon sp.) le devenaient en AC, 2) ceux qui étaient faiblement pathogènes en atmosphère normale étaient nettement plus virulents en AC (ex.:F. culmorum), 3) les espèces ou variétés virulentes en conditions d'air normales (Fusarium sulphureum etPhoma exigua var.foveata) ne provoquaient pas de pourriture plus grave en AC et leur activité pouvait même être légérement freinée.

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Summary The extensive rotting of tubers which occurred during storage trials in controlled atmospheres has led to a mycological and pathological study of the rots. The most frequently isolated species wasFusarium culmorum althoughF. avenaceum, F. Sambucinum, Coletotrichum coccodes and aCylindrocarpon sp. were also present. Tubers of cvs Bintje and Ulla were inoculated with 19 isolates of 10 fungal species or varieties associated with rotting of stored tubers (Table 1). The tubers were incubated at 8 or 10°C in normal or controlled (2% O₂:1% CO₂, 2% O₂:6% CO₂, 2% O₂:12% CO₂, 6% O₂:6% CO₂) atmospheres and the extent of rotting was determined a month later (Tables 2 and 3 and Fig. 2). Species which were weakly virulent in a normal atmosphere (variousFusarium spp. andPhoma exigua var.exigua) were clearly more aggressive in the controlled atmosphere and this was especially evident in the case ofF. culmorum. Species ot pathogenic in a normal atmosphere under experimental conditions (Colletotrichum coccodes, Cylindrocarpon sp.,Phoma eupyrena) caused rotting in the controlled atmosphere. The two species which were virulent in a normal atmosphere (F. sulphureum andP. exigua var.foveata) were also virulent in the controlled atmosphere and in some cases the extent of rotting was even less. As a general rule, rotting caused by weakly virulent fungi was greater in both cultivars in the controlled than in a normal atmosphere.

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Zusammenfassung Eine starke F?ulnis von in Kontrotrollierter Atmosph?re gelagerten Kartoffelknollen veranlasste eine mykologische und pathologische Untersuchung. Der am h?ufigsten isolierte Pilz warFusarium culmorum. F. avenaceum, F. sambucinum, Colletotrichum coccodes undCylindrocarpon sp. wurden ebenfalls bestimmt. Neunzehn St?mme von 10 Pilzsorten oder-Arten welche bei Lagerf?ulnis vorkommen (Tab. 1) wurden auf Knollen der Sorten Bintje und Ulla inokuliert. Die Lagerung wurde bei 8 oder 10°C under Normalbedingungen oder kontrollierter Atmosph?re durchgeführt (2% O₂:1% CO₂, 2% O₂:6% CO₂, 2% O₂:12% CO₂, 6% O₂:6% CO₂). Der F?ulnisgrad (Abb. 1) wurde nach einem Monat bonitiert. Die Ergebnisse sind in den Tabellen 2 und 3 dargestellt und in der Abb. 2 illustriert. Unter in Normalbedingungen nur schwach virulente Arten (verschiedeneFusarien undPhoma exigua var. exigua) waren deutlich aktiver in kontrollierter Atmosph?re. Dies was besonders der Fall fürF. culmorum. Pilze, die im Versuch unter Normalbedingungen nicht pathogen waren (Colletotrichum coccodes, Cylindrocarpon sp., Phoma eupyrena), haben unter kontrollierter Atmosph?re Sch?den verursacht. Hingegen werden die beiden unter Normalbedingungen sehr pathogenen Arten (F. sulphureum undP., exigua var.foveata), durch kontrollierte Atmosph?re wenig beeinflusst. Es wurde sogar in einigen F?llen eine gewisse Verringerung des F?ulnisbefalls beobachtet. Ganz allgemein haben die getesteten kontrollierten Bedingungen die Entwicklung der Pilzf?ulnis an beiden Kartoffelsorten gef?rdert, speziell durch Pilzarten, welche unter Normal-bedingungen wenig Sch?den verursachen.