冰冻灾害前后矿区废弃地栾树杜英混交林生态系统养分含量的比较

对冰冻灾害前后湖南湘潭锰矿矿区废弃地的栾树、杜英混交林生态系统的地表水、土壤、林木及死地被物的养分含量进行对比研究.结果表明:冰冻灾害后,林地地表水的pH值、电导率、溶解氧、K、Ca、Mg含量明显减少,Zn、Mn、Pb含量显著增加;林内土壤含水量、全P、全K含量显著增加,速效N、速效P、速效K含量明显减少,微量元素Cu、Pb、Co含量增加,Fe、Zn、Mn、Cd、Ni含量减少;林木枝、叶、干中含水量均显著减少,树干中N、P、Ca、Mg、Cu、Zn、Mn、Cd、Ni、Pb、Co含量增加,树枝和树叶中P、K、Mg减少,而Cu、Fe、Zn、Mn、Cd、Ni、Pb、Co含量却增加;林地上的死地被物中K、Mg在各组分(未分解、半分解、已分解)含量降低,Cu、Fe、Mn、Ni、Co含量增加.可为突发性自然干扰对植物生命活动的影响及抗御机理的研究提供基础数据.     

神农箭竹开花前后植物体内矿质元素之动态

矿质元素在神农箭竹(Fargesia murielae)体内的分布规律由大到小顺序为:Ca、M、Fe、Na、Mn、Ba、Zn、B、Cr、Ti、Cu、Ni、Li、Co、Ca、Mg、Na、Mn、Zn、B、Ba。Co、Ca、Mg、Na、Mn、Zn、B、Ba等元素主要在叶中积累;Fe、Ni、Co、Cr、Li、Ti主要在根中积累;Cu主要在鞭中积累;几乎所有矿质元素在竿中的含量都低于其它器官。随着开花过程的进行,神农箭竹体内各器官中Mg、Fe、Ba、Cr、Li、Ti等元素的含量逐渐降低,B的含量逐渐升高,其它矿质元素在不同的器官和生长发育时期变化很大。     

Auswirkungen einer Abwasserverregnung unter Kiefer auf den Nährstoffhaushalt eines Sand-Braunerde-Podsols

Zusammenfassung An Versuchen über Abwasserverregnung bis zu 1000 mm pro Winter in einem 80j?hrigen Kiefernbestand auf Sand-Braunerde-Podsol wurden Auswaschung und Vorrats?nderungen im Boden für C, N, P, die austauschbaren Kationen Na, NH₄, K, Ca, Mg, Al sowie die Metalle Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, Fe und Mn ermittelt. Auf Grund der Versuchsergebnisse werden Empfehlungen zur Abwasserverregnung in Waldbest?nden auf Sand-Standorten gegeben.

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Effects of sewage disposal in a pine forest on the nutrient balance of a sandy brown podzol soil

Summary Experiments on sewage disposal up to 1000 mm have been carried through in a 80 year old pine forest on a sandy podzolic soil. Input, percolation output and storage changes in soil were determined for C, N, P, exchangeable cations Na, NH₄, K, Ca, Mg, Al as well as Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, Fe and Mn. On the base of the results recommendations are given for sewage disposal in forests on sandy soils.

     

槐叶萍生物体微量元素含量特征研究

为了解京杭运河台儿庄段槐叶萍生物体中微量元素的含量特征,运用非色散原子荧光光度计和火焰原子吸收分光光度计测定了槐叶萍生物体不同部位中微量元素的含量。结果显示:Fe、Mn、Zn、Ni、Cu、Se 6种微量元素在槐叶萍花芽、叶、根与茎中含量差异极显著(P≤0.01),其中槐叶萍中微量元素Fe含量最高,Se的含量最低;与同科植物体比较,京杭运河台儿庄段槐叶萍生物体中微量元素Fe、Mn含量处于中等水平,Zn、Cu含量处于下游水平。     

Variability of trace metal concentrations in Jeffrey pine (Pinus jeffreyi) tree rings from the Tahoe Basin, California, USA

Trace metal accumulation in tree rings of Jeffrey pines (Pinus jeffreyi) from the Lake Tahoe basin (Sierra Nevada, CA, USA) was determined using high resolution inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (HR-ICP–MS). The objectives of this study were (1) to establish baseline values for aluminium (Al), chromium (Cr), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), cobalt (Co), nickel (Ni), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), strontium (Sr), cadmium (Cd), barium (Ba), and lead (Pb); (2) to investigate the intra-tree and inter-tree variability of these trace metals, and (3) to assess differences in metal concentrations related to automobile traffic. Two field collection sites were selected with similar ecologic attributes, one proximal to a heavily traveled highway, and the other isolated from any local source of auto emissions. At each site two trees with similar features were selected, and two increment cores collected from each tree. Cores were cross-dated, cleaned of contamination, dissected into 5-year increments, ashed, and acid digested, before analysis by HR-ICP–MS. Time series spanning 191–326 years were developed for the 12 trace metals. Variability was high within and between trees, most likely because of physiologic mechanisms for element sequestration and allocation. The best intra-tree correlation was found for Ba, Sr, Mn, and Co; of these elements, Co showed an overall increase over time, whereas Sr and Ba displayed an opposite trend, and Mn fluctuated over time. Mean Co concentration at the near-highway site was higher, whereas mean Sr, Ba, and Mn concentrations were lower, than at the control site.     

火焰原子吸收光谱分析法增感效应的研究──Ⅱ．树木叶片铜、铁元素的测定

从７种对ＣＵ、Ｆｅ元素有较大增感效应的有机物中，筛选出邻菲啉作增感剂，用于对杉木、油茶样叶中的Ｃｕ，Ｆｅ元素进行分析测定．结果表明，可使样叶中Ｃｕ，Ｆｅ元素的吸光度增加５０％左右，提高了测定的灵敏度和精度．在相关元素的测定中，除Ｃａ元素的结果表现为偏高外，对Ｋ，Ｎａ，Ｍｇ，Ｍｎ，Ｎｉ和Ｚｎ元素的测定无不良影响．     

模拟酸雨对3种盆栽灌木幼苗叶矿质元素含量的影响

采用盆栽方法，以3种不同pH值（3．0、4．0、5．0）的模拟酸雨溶液对红檵木、杜鹃、夏鹃幼苗进行浇灌处理，研究不同pH值的酸雨对幼苗叶矿质元素含量的影响．结果表明：模拟酸雨对3种灌木幼苗叶矿质元素含量均有一定影响，3种幼苗叶中的大多数矿质元素含量变化不一致，表明不同植物的不同元素对酸雨的反应不同；各酸雨处理红檵木幼苗叶K、Mg、Mn、Ni、S、Al的含量较对照增加，其中Al、Ni含量是随着酸雨pH值的降低而逐渐增加．Zn含量比对照含量有所减少，N、P、Ca、Fe、Cu、Cd、Pb含量不随酸雨pH值的变化而变化．红檵木幼苗叶Al含量与模拟酸雨的pH值达到显著负相关；3种酸雨处理后的杜鹃幼苗叶P、Cu、Mn、Pb含量均比对照增加．其中P、Cu含量是随酸度的增大而逐渐增加，Ca、Zn含量比对照有所减少，N、K、Mg、S、Al、Fe、Ni、CA含量没有随着酸度变化而随之变化的趋势，P含量与模拟酸雨的pH值达到显著负相关；3种酸雨处理后的夏鹃幼苗叶P、K、Mg、Al、Fe、Cu、Mn、Ni、Pb含量比对照增加．其中P、Ni是随酸度增加逐渐增加，Zn含量比对照减少，N、Ca、S、Cd含量则表现为有的酸雨处理增加，有的下降，Ni含量与模拟酸雨的pH值达到显著负相关．该项研究可为南方绿化植物的选择提供理论依据．     

三明小湖赤枝栲林地部分矿质元素及土壤理化性质研究

分析测定福建三明小湖赤枝栲林部分矿质元素及土壤理化因子 ,结果表明 :该地区土壤 pH值为 4 2 4 ,全N平均含量为 0 0 84 2 % ,全P(P2 O5% )为 0 0 15 5 % ,有机质为 3 7874 %。该地土壤的全N、全P和有机质均不高。该地区土壤Mg元素含量为 6 2 6 0 4 4mg kg-1,Ca为 15 6 5 88mg kg-1,Mn为 80 4 4 4 3mg kg-1,Fe为 2 6 179 6mg kg-1,Co为 3 3335mg kg-1,Ni为12 94 6 7mg kg-1,Cu为 15 2 95 3mg kg-1,Zn为 2 6 9116mg kg-1,Mo为 0 4 6 4 1mg kg-1,Cd为 0 0 4 70mg kg-1,Pb为 9 786 5mg kg-1。土壤矿质元素中 ,Ca、Fe含量偏高 ,Mn含量偏低     

桤木人工林细根与土壤养分含量季节动态变化

对桤木人工林细根、土壤养分含量的季节变化及其两者之间的关系进行了研究.结果表明:(1)桤木细根中大量元素N、Ca、K、Mg、P含量冬季高,春季最低;微量元素Fe、Mn、Zn、Cu、Pb、Ni、Cd含量冬季最低,春夏季较高.(2)土壤各层中大量元素N、Ca、K、Mg、P含量冬季最低,夏季最高;微量元素Mn、Zn含量在冬季最低,秋季最高;Fe、Ni、Pb、Cu、Cd含量在冬季最高,春秋较低.(3)细根和土壤中大量元素含量在冬季存在负相关关系,微量元素Fe、Ni、Cd含量在一年四季均存在显著负相关关系,Mn、Cu含量在春季、夏季和秋季存在负相关关系,Zn、Pb含量在春季、夏季和秋季存在正相关关系.     

Distribution of elements along the length of Scots pine needles in a heavily polluted and a control environment

Pollution often causes visible symptoms of foliar injury. The injury is sometimes associated with an increase in the accessibility of toxic elements to plants as a result of acidification of the soil. We investigated the distribution of elements (N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Mn, S, Fe, B, Cu, Zn, Al, F, Pb, Cd, Cr, Ni and Co) in healthy current-year needles of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) growing at an unpolluted control site and at a site polluted mainly by SO(2), HF and Al(3+) from a fertilizer factory established in 1917. Needles from both sites were sampled before the appearance of visible injury and cut into five sections of equal length (tip, base and three middle parts). The mean concentrations of major nutrients were 20-30% lower in needles at the polluted site than in needles at the control site, whereas the concentrations of aluminum and fluorine were higher in needles at the polluted site. An increase in concentration from needle base to tip was detected for N, Fe, B, and Al at both sites and for Mn only at the polluted site. Fluoride accumulated in the tips of needles only at the polluted site, which could explain the necroses of needle tips at this site. The distribution of elements along the length of the needles was influenced by pollution, element mobility and the distal accumulation of toxic elements.     

火焰原子吸收光谱分析法增感效应的研究──Ⅰ．增感系数

研究９种有机溶剂、３种表面活性剂和１２种有机试剂对Ｋ，Ｎａ，Ｃａ，Ｃｒ，Ｃｕ，Ｍｇ，Ｐｂ，Ｍｎ，Ｆｅ，Ｃｏ，Ｎｉ，Ｚｎ等１３种元素的增感效应，结果表明，在Ａｉｒ－Ｃ２Ｈ２焰中，它们中的大多数组合都有一定的增感作用．最大增感达到８．９倍．     

Seasonal variation of microelement contents in leaves of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Cyclocarea paliurus</Emphasis> among the provenances

Cyclocarya paliurus as a multiple function plant can accumulate biologically important microelement elements.To reveal the variation of selected microelement concentrations in leaves of C.paliurus provenances during the growing season,12 C.paliurus provenances in the field trial were sampled five times at approximately 1-month intervals.The method of inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometer(ICP-OES) was employed to determinate average concentrations of Fe,Mn,Zn,Cu and Se in leaves of 12 C.paliurus provenances.The results show that on average,the concentrations of five microelement in the leaves follows an order of Fe > Mn > Zn > Cu > Se.Variance analysis shows that there are significant differences in Fe,Mn and Zn concentrations among the twelve provenances(p<0.05),while there is no significant difference between Cu and Se concentrations.A significant difference was also observed in the concentrations of five microelements at the different sampling times(p<0.001),but the mean concentrations for each microelement showed different temporal dynamic patterns.Meanwhile,a significant correlation between concentrations of Se and other measured microelements was detected in the leaves of C.paliurus,except for Mn.Obtained results not only demonstrated that leaves of C.paliurus exhibited higher levels of microelements(Fe,Mn,Cu,Zn and Se),but also provided a basis for breeding strategies of superior provenances with rich content of microelements,and choosing optimum harvesting time for food industry in future.     

Nutrient retranslocation in the foliage of Pinus sylvestris L. growing along a heavy metal pollution gradient

Retranslocation of N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Mn, Fe, Zn, Cu and Ni within the foliage of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) was studied during autumnal needle senescence along a heavy-metal pollution gradient in western Finland. The stands were located at distances of 0.5 (Har 0.5), 4 (Har 4) and 8 km (Har 8) to the southeast of a copper-nickel smelter at Harjavalta. A background study stand was located at H?meenkangas (H?m), 60 km northeast of the smelter. During needle senescence, the mobile nutrients N, P and K decreased by 67-88% and needle dry mass decreased by 31-43%. Retranslocation of P and K was less efficient in the stand nearest the smelter (Har 0.5) than in the other stands. During needle senescence at stand Har 0.5, heavy metal content either decreased slightly (Zn, Ni) or increased (Fe, Cu), whereas in the background study stand, retranslocation efficiency of Cu was 75%. Net throughfall (the amount of a nutrient in throughfall minus the amount in open precipitation) was higher in stand Har 0.5 than in stand Har 8 for all of the elements measured, except N and P which were intercepted by the canopy. In stand Har 8, deposition of S, Cu and Ni was intercepted by the canopy, and net throughfall of Fe and Zn was very low. In contrast, S and heavy metal contents of net throughfall in stand Har 0.5 were greater than the decrease in these elements in the needles indicating that accumulation on needle surfaces and subsequent wash-off accounted for a major part of the fluxes. Furthermore, the Cu content in net throughfall during the senescence period was higher than the original Cu content of the needles in July, providing additional evidence that much of the needle Cu content was comprised of dry deposits of Cu on the needle surface.     

热带山地雨林生态系统对降雨水质的影响

３ａ对同岛尖峰岭热带山地雨林集水区岩石、土壤及水化学质流含量的检测,雨林集水区降雨、总径流水体ＣＯＤ、ＮＨ４＾＋－Ｎ、酚、Ｚｎ、Ｃｕ、Ｐｂ、Ｃｄ、Ｎｉ的加权浓度含量远低于地面水质Ⅰ类标准;岩石组成属钾长石类,其８项测定的重金属中Ｚｎ、Ｍｎ、Ｐｂ含量相对较高,水质迁移中以溶解、水解及氧化为特征;在降雨一径流水循环中,山地雨林冠层减少降雨中ＣＯＤ、ＮＨ４＾＋－Ｎ、酚、Ｚｎ、Ｃｄ、Ａｓ、Ｎｉ、Ｆｅ浓度含     

Interception loss, throughfall and stemflow chemistry in pine and oak forests in northeastern Mexico

Interception loss, gross precipitation, throughfall and stemflow solution chemistry beneath pine (Pinus pseudostrobus Lindl.), oak (Quercus sp.) and pine-oak natural forest canopies in northeastern Mexico were measured. Coefficients of variation for throughfall were 12% in pine and oak canopies and 17% in the mixed pine-oak canopy. The variability of stemflow averaged 66, 126 and 73% for pine, oak and the mixed pine-oak canopies, respectively. Linear regression analysis of net versus gross precipitation for the three canopies showed highly significant correlations (r = 0.974-0.984). Total precipitation during the experimental period was 974 mm and estimated interception loss was 19.2, 13.6 and 23% for the pine, oak and pine-oak canopies, respectively. Stemflow did not occur following rainfall events of less than 4 mm and, in all canopies, stemflow represented a minimal proportion of gross precipitation (0.60, 0.50 and 0.03% for pine, oak and pine-oak, respectively). Throughfall pH in pine (6.2), oak (6.3) and pine-oak (6.3) canopies was significantly more acidic than gross precipitation (6.6). Stemflow pH ranged from 3.7 (pine) to 6.0 (oak). The pine-oak canopy registered the highest throughfall and stemflow electrical conductivities, 104 and 188 microS cm(-1), respectively. Net nutrient leaching of K, Mg, Na, Fe, Mn and Zn was significantly higher from the pine-oak canopy than from the pure pine and oak canopies. Mean depositions of Ca and Cu in throughfall behaved similarly among the three types of canopies. A greater proportion of Zn in gross precipitation was absorbed by the oak canopy than by the pine and pine-oak canopies. Enrichment factors beneath the pine-oak canopy relative to gross precipitation varied from 1.2 to 3.2 for macro-nutrients (Ca, K, Mg and Na) and from 1.4 to 3.1 for micro-nutrients (Cu, Fe, Mn and Zn). Stemflow depositions of Ca, K, Mg and Cu were higher in the pine-oak canopy, whereas stemflow depositions of Na, Fe, Mn and Zn were higher in the pine canopy.     

牡竹属10种竹叶矿质元素含量分析

为了明确牡竹属竹叶中矿质元素的组成,采用ICP-MS法测定了牡竹属10种竹叶中主要矿质元素的含量。结果表明,10种竹叶中含有丰富的矿质元素,其中K、Ca、Mg含量较高,其次是Mn、Fe、Al、Na、Zn元素,Cr、Ni、Cu元素在竹叶中的含量较少,Co、As、Se、Mo、Hg和Pb含量很低。研究结果为牡竹属竹叶的开发利用提供了科学依据。     

Mineral Nutrition in Sierra Nevada Mixed Conifer: Wildfire Effects,Species Distinctions,and Temporal Variation

An investigation of wildfire effects on mineral nutrition of Jeffrey pine (Pinus jeffreyi Grev. & Balf.) along with species comparisons of the nutrition of unburned specimens of this pine to those of unburned California white fir (Abies concolor var. lowiana [Gord.] Lemm.) were conducted in an eastern Sierran mixed conifer stand. Foliar Fe and Mn concentrations were frequently higher and Al was consistently so in burned than in the unburned pine as assessed in six sampling periods distributed over more than two postfire growing seasons while base cation/metallic element molar ratios consisting of Ca/Al, K/Al, K/Mn, Ca/Fe, Mg/Fe, K/Fe, and Ca/Zn were often lower in the former. Foliar N, P, Fe, Zn, and Cu were frequently higher in unburned pine than unburned fir while the reverse proved true concerning K, Ca, Mn, B, and Al; and likewise several molar ratios involving Al and Mn were higher in the former while several involving Fe, Zn, and Cu were higher in the latter. At midstudy, mineral soil in the burned stand portion had lower K but higher S, Mn, and Zn than that in the unburned portion, and the former had several molar ratios that were lower as well.     

火焰原子吸收法测定蜂蜜中六种微量元素的含量

选用4种常见的市售蜂蜜,采用原子吸收分光光度法测定其钙、镁、铜、铁、锌、锰6种微量元素的含量(mg/kg)。实验结果表明,4种蜂蜜当中微量元素含量丰富,其中钙元素含量34.2~54.60mg/kg,镁元素含量在9.54~10.72mg/kg,铜元素含量1.28~7.22mg/kg,铁元素含量23.86~51.39mg/kg,锌元素含量1.56~2.73mg/kg,锰元素含量2.63~3.07mg/kg。此法回收率96.4%~103.8%,标准偏差0.06%~0.63%。     

4种山茶花营养成分及有害元素含量分析

The nutritional components and poisonous elements in flowers of Camellia chekiangoleosa, C. polydonta, C. semiserrata and C. azalea were studied. The results indicated that the soluble sugar content of the four Camellia flowers had no difference. The maximum protein content was 82.9 g·kg^-1, detected in the flower of C. semiserrata. And the minimum protein content was 56.8 g·kg^-1, found in C. azalea. Vitamin C and β-carotene contents in C. azalea and C. semiserrata were higher, and in C. polydonta and C. chekiangoleosa were lower. The total amino acid contents of the four Camellia were 68.41、67.26、50.77、66.87 g·kg^-1 respectively, the essential amino acid contents were 33.86、32.70、27.21、33.79 g·kg^-1 respectively, and the proportion of essential amino acid in total amino acid of the four Camellia were 49.50%, 48.62%, 53.59% and 50.53% respectively. The contents of Ca, Mn and Cu in C. chekiangoleosa were the highest. Zn and Se contents were the maximum and Ca was the minimum in C. polydonta. The contents of Fe and Se were the lowest in C. semiserrata. Fe content were the maximum and Mn, Zn and Cu the minimum in C. azalea. The trace element contents in the flower of the four Camellia species followed the order of Mn, Fe, Zn, Cu, Se, but the content of Fe was higher than that of Mn in C. azalea. The contents of Pb, Cd, As and Hg of the four Camellia flower were all lower than the permissible amount.