生物素标记cDNA探针杂交检测梨树上3种潜隐病毒研究

 本研究合成了苹果茎沟病毒(ASGV)、苹果褪绿叶斑病毒(ACLSV)和苹果茎痘病毒(ASPV)的生物素标记cDNA探针,对斑点杂交和免疫印迹杂交检测这3种病毒的效果进行了分析。以含ACLSV和ASGV克隆片段的大肠杆菌菌液为样品时,斑点杂交检测灵敏度分别为80 cfu/μL和50 cfu/μL。以离体培养砂梨植株为材料,采用斑点杂交法检测砂梨离体培养植株粗提液中的3种病毒,均产生强的杂交信号,且特异性好。比较斑点杂交和ELISA检测病毒含量相对较低的热处理再生植株中ASGV和ACLSV,结果表明斑点杂交具有较高的灵敏度。组织印迹杂交检测砂梨离体植株ASGV和ACLSV的结果显示,这2种病毒在离体植株的各部位均有分布,自基部至茎尖各部位印迹均产生很强的杂交信号。     

辣椒轻斑驳病毒检测方法的比较

为寻求一种灵敏、经济、快捷检测辣椒轻斑驳病毒(Pepper mild mottle Tobamovirus,PMMoV)的检测方法,以辣椒轻斑驳病毒侵染的甜椒叶片为材料,采用DIG标记的核酸斑点杂交、RT-PCR和DAS-ELISA 3种方法检测不同系列稀释倍数的辣椒叶片总RNA和叶片提取液,测试3种方法的稀释限点.结果表明,RT-PCR灵敏度最高,地高辛斑点杂交灵敏度次之,DAS-ELISA灵敏度最低.在3种方法中地高辛斑点杂交方法与其他两种方法相比灵敏度较高,不需要任何特定仪器,而且适合大量样品的检测,所以此方法有很好的应用前景.     

利用两种方法检测苹果锈果类病毒

以克隆ASSVd的部分序列,通过RT-PCR成功合成了地高辛标记的cDNA探针,提取苹果和梨树枝条的总RNA,用斑点杂交技术对其进行了检测试验,结果表明,探针具有很高的灵敏度和特异性。地高辛标记的cDNA探针不与阴性对照枝条RNA以及感染PBCVd、AFCVd、ADFVd枝条总RNA发生杂交,仅与感染ASSVd样品的总RNA杂交。     

桃潜隐花叶类病毒中国分离株P3的克隆与序列分析

 本研究以提取的类病毒cRNA为模板,采用RT-PCR方法,从5株表现明显花叶症状的"雨花露"桃树上检测到桃潜隐花叶类病毒(PLMVd),并对其中的样品P₃通过2次RT-PCR扩增,然后分别将扩增产物回收、克隆测序,确定了该分离株(命名为PLMVd-P₃分离株)的全长核苷酸序列,其cDNA分子全长为337 nt,这与已经报道的PLMVd典型分离株基因组大小相似。序列比较分析结果表明,该分离株与已经报道的不同地区来源的其它分离株相似性为90%~96%。     

啤酒花矮化类病毒实时荧光定量RT-PCR检测方法的建立与应用

为建立一种快速、灵敏、特异的定量检测啤酒花矮化类病毒(Hop stunt viroid,HSVd)的实时荧光定量RT-PCR (RT-qPCR)方法,设计了2对引物及特异探针,体外转录制备了RNA标准品,绘制标准曲线,并对该方法的特异性、灵敏度和重复性进行评估.建立的定量标准曲线Ct值与模板拷贝数对数之间呈良好的线性关系,相关系数R2为0.9988,扩增效率为95％;该方法的特异性好,与啤酒花潜隐类病毒(HLVd)、葡萄黄斑类病毒1(GYSVd-1)、葡萄黄斑类病毒2(GYSVd-2)和桃潜隐花叶类病毒(PLMVd)均无交叉反应;灵敏度为1.0×102拷贝/μL,比普通RT-PCR高10倍;试验内及试验间重复性试验的变异系数均小于3％.研究表明该方法适用于实际样品中HSVd的快速定量检测.     

黄瓜花叶病毒NASBA检测技术的建立

 以香蕉花叶病病样为材料,初步建立了黄瓜花叶病毒核酸序列依赖性扩增(Nucleic acid sequence based amplifica-tion,NASBA)的检测技术。通过以香蕉叶片总RNA为模板,在黄瓜花叶病毒(Cucumber mosaic virus,CMV)亚组ⅠRNA 2高保守区设计特异引物,进行NASBA反应,经5%琼脂糖凝胶电泳检测,阳性样品中出现了预期大小为310 bp的条带,而阴性和空白对照中均未出现。并对11份香蕉样品分别进行NASBA反应,并经过斑点杂交验证与RT-PCR检测比较,两者的检测结果一致,灵敏度相当,检出限量可达100 pg。     

梨褪绿叶斑伴随病毒的RT-PCR和巢式RT-PCR检测技术建立

 梨褪绿叶斑伴随病毒(Pear chlorotic leaf spot-associated virus,PCLSaV)是新近发现的为害梨树的欧洲花楸环斑病毒属(Emaravirus)病毒,该病毒基因组由5条负义单链RNA组成。本研究比较分析了反转录引物pd(N)6、3C和5H及基于该病毒基因组RNA3和RNA5链序列设计的4对引物用于RT-PCR检测梨样品中PCLSaV的效果,结果显示,采用与该病毒基因组RNA链3′末端互补的引物3C用于cDNA合成及基于该病毒RNA5链序列的引物5-F/R用于PCR扩增时,检测PCLSaV的灵敏度相较采用引物pd(N)6和5H合成cDNA为模板时高10~100倍;不同部位和不同发病状况的梨树组织中PCLSaV检测结果差异明显。进一步建立了具有高灵敏度的巢式RT-PCR技术,采用外侧引物5-F/R和内巢引物5-IF/IR结合可用于梨不同组织样品中PCLSaV的检测。本研究为系统分析PCLSaV在我国栽培梨树上的危害状况及无病毒梨种质培育奠定了技术基础。     

我国梅树上病毒及类病毒的检测和鉴定

目前, 我国梅树上的病毒种类及发生情况仍不完全清楚。本研究从北京、武汉、南京和无锡的梅园中采集了64份疑似感染病毒的叶片样品, 通过RT-PCR和斑点杂交, 对7种病毒和2种类病毒进行了检测。共检测到6种病毒和1种类病毒。其中, 李属坏死环斑病毒(prunus necrotic ringspot virus, PNRSV)和桃潜隐花叶类病毒(peach latent mosaic viroid, PLMVd)为我国梅树上的首次检出。PNRSV、亚洲李属病毒2号(Asian prunus virus 2, APV2)、桃叶痘伴随病毒(peach leaf pitting-associated virus, PLPaV)的检出率高于30%。综合考虑病毒的分布及检出率, PLPaV、APV2、PNRSV和李树皮坏死茎痘伴随病毒(plum bark necrosis stem pitting-associated virus, PBNSPaV)是武汉、南京和无锡梅树上的主要病毒。此外, 通过克隆和测序, 获得了PLMVd和梅树病毒A(mume virus A, MuVA)的基因组, PLPaV的RNA1组分和PNRSV外壳蛋白(CP)基因序列。序列比较分析显示, 我国PLMVd梅分离物和PNRSV梅分离物与我国桃分离物亲缘关系最近, 表明PLMVd和PNRSV可能在梅和桃树间交互侵染;我国MuVA梅分离物序列与日本梅分离物序列的相似性高达98.56%;PLPaV梅分离物与我国桃分离物之间序列变异较大。上述结果不仅进一步明确了我国梅树上的病毒及类病毒种类和分布情况, 而且有助于深入了解它们的流行与传播。     

利用RT-PCR检测库尔勒香梨苹果茎痘病毒的研究

 以库尔勒香梨新鲜、冷藏、冷冻叶片和皮层为材料,对提取双链RNA (dsRNA)的2种方法和提取总RNA的3种方法进行了分析比较,并对总RNA的提取方法进行了改进,获得了纯度较高、完整性较好的dsRNA和总RNA,在此基础上进行了反转录(RT)和PCR扩增。在国内首次完成了对苹果茎痘病毒(ASPV)的RT-PCR检测,建立了ASPV有效RT-PCR反应体系。用此体系扩增到ASPV一个长约316 bp的片段。实验表明以dsRNA和总RNA为模板均能成功进行RT-PCR检测,且dsRNA优于总RNA。     

刺山柑(Capparis spinosa)总RNA不同提取方法的比较

以野生刺山柑叶片为材料,采用70%丙酮抽提研磨材料,结合TRIZOL,CTAB,SDS 3种常见的RNA提取方法提取总RNA,通过RNA获得率、纯度、电泳图谱以及RT-PCR反应等分析,初步确立了一种有效的提取刺山柑叶片总RNA的改良SDS法.该方法提取的RNA A<,260>/A<,280>值在1.88～1.94之间,电泳图谱完整,具有产量高、时间短、成本低等特点,所得的RNA可以用于RT-PCR和cDNA文库构建以及Northern杂交等后续实验.     

地高辛标记cDNA探针检测苹果茎痘病毒

 Partial sequence(314 bp) of ASPV was cloned and used as a probe labelled with digoxigenin-11dUTP. The total RNA extracted from samples with Apple stem pitting virus and a series of dilutions of plasmid with ASPV-cDNA were detected by dot blot hybridization. The results showed that the probe was sensitive and specific. The probe couldn't hybridize with total RNA of Apple stem grooving virus, Apple mosaic virus and Apple chlorotic leaf spot virus samples as well as negative control, only hybridized with that extracted from dormant shoot infected with ASPV. The sensitivity for detection of plasmid contained ASPV-cDNA was 1.64 μg.     

来源于沿叶脉褪绿症状桃的PLMVd分离物群体结构分析与序列测定

 Peach latent mosaic disease occurred in peach trees is distributed widely in China. The disease shows a wide range of symptoms in the fields and discoloration along leaf veins is easily found. To get insight into the correlation between the symptom and Peach latent mosaic viroid (PLMVd), leaves of a peach tree showing the symptom of discoloration along its veins were collected and subjected to PLMVd RNA extraction, and RT-PCR detection. The target amplified fragment was cloned, and some positive clones were then selected for analyzing population structure of the isolate by single-strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) analysis. Three predominant clones of the isolate were sequenced and analyzed. This study would provide more information for understanding the correlation between the molecular characterization of PLMVd and the symptom of discoloration along leaf veins.     

应用常规RT-PCR和荧光定量RT-PCR检测柑桔衰退病毒

 根据柑桔衰退病毒(CTV)P20基因序列设计cquctv9/cquctv10特异引物对,以柑桔RNApolymeraseⅡ基因作为内参照,建立了柑桔衰退病的常规RT-PCR快速检测体系;依据柑桔衰退病毒P20基因序列设计cquctv1/cquctv2特异引物对和TaqMan探针cquctvp1,建立了柑桔衰退病荧光定量RT-PCR快速检测体系。常规RT-PCR检测下限是含有CTV的50pg总RNA,荧光定量RT-PCR法的检测下限是2fg纯CTV片段。荧光定量RT-PCR的灵敏度相对比常规RT-PCR高100倍。利用常规RT-PCR和荧光定量RT-PCR体系对从2005年3月到2006年7月采自田间的样品进行检测,结果表明,2种检测体系都有很好的特异性和准确性;对183个田间柑桔苗木样品带毒率检测结果表明,荧光定量RT-PCR检出率为(82.5%),比常规RT-PCR检出率(73.2%)高。     

侵染肥城桃的病毒和类病毒的分子检测与鉴定

为明确山东肥城桃种植区桃树上主要存在的病毒和类病毒及其发生情况,采集具有花叶、斑驳和皱缩典型症状的肥城桃样品,提取叶片总RNA后,分别选用桃树上已报道的啤酒花矮化类病毒Hopstuntviroid(HSVd)、桃潜隐花叶类病毒Peach latent mosaic viroid(PLMVd)、苹果褪绿叶斑病毒Apple chlorotic leaf spot virus(ACLSV)、樱桃锉叶病毒Cherry rasp leaf virus(CRLV)、桃花叶病毒Peach mosaic virus(PMV)、李属坏死环斑病毒Prunus necrotic ringspot virus(PNRSV)、李痘病毒Plum pox virus(PPV)、李矮缩病毒Prunus dwarf virus(PDV)、樱桃绿环斑驳病毒Cherry green ring mottle virus(CGRMV)、杏假褪绿叶斑病毒Apricot pseudo-chlorotic leaf spot virus(APCLSV)、李树皮坏死茎纹孔伴随病毒Plum bark necrosis stem pitting-associated virus(PBNSPaV)和小樱桃病毒1号Little cherry virus 1(LchV1)的特异性引物进行RT-PCR检测。PCR结果显示仅HSVd、PLMVd、ACLSV、PNRSV和PBNSPaV的扩增产物中得到了预期大小的目的片段,将目的片段克隆测序后,经NCBI BLAST比对发现,山东肥城桃分离物HSVd、PLMVd、ACLSV、PNRSV和PBNSPaV与GenBank已报道分离物序列一致性均达90%以上。表明山东肥城桃已感染HSVd、PLMVd 2种类病毒和ACLSV、PNRSV、PBNSPaV 3种病毒。     

Tomato infectious chlorosis virus causes leaf yellowing and reddening of tomato in Italy

Since autumn 2000, severe and widespread chlorosis, sometimes associated with redness, has been observed in greenhouse tomatoes in different regions of Italy. A total of 104 samples were analyzed for tomato infectious chlorosis virus (TICV), by a one-step RT-PCR procedure. In some areas of central Italy and Sardinia, the symptom was consistently correlated with the presence of TICV. The RT-PCR procedure enabled rapid and reliable detection of TICV from field samples. Sequence analysis of the amplified 501-bp fragment, part of the HSP70 coding region, revealed an identity of 99% with the TICV sequence in the GenBank database. A digoxigenin-labeled DNA probe was also produced and successfully tested in dot blot assays. This is the first report of TICV causing epidemics in Europe.     

Comparison of direct-RT-PCR and dot-blot hybridization for the detection of Potato spindle tuber viroid in natural host plant species

Potato spindle tuber viroid (PSTVd) is an EPPO A2-listed quarantine pathogen and its detection in large scale surveys requires complex decision schemes. In this study, a simple and rapid application of direct-RT-PCR was evaluated together with dot blot hybridization for the detection of PSTVd in dormant potato tubers harvested from primary infected plants, as well as in tomato and solanaceous ornamental plants. In all infected dormant potato tubers tested, both direct-RT-PCR and dot blot hybridization detected two different PSTVd isolates, with direct-RT-PCR being ten times more sensitive than dot blot. Similarly, in infected tomato and Brugmansia spp., PSTVd was detected by direct-RT-PCR with higher sensitivity compared to that of dot blot hybridization. However, in Brugmansia spp., a ten-fold decrease of the typical working concentration of the sap was required for an unequivocal detection of the viroid by direct-RT-PCR. The potential to use direct-RT-PCR for routine PSTVd examination is discussed.