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通过对湖北蕲州、河北安国、河南安阳、甘肃天水四个产地艾叶(艾绒、艾渣)的挥发油成分及相应产地艾条燃烧温度的比较,探讨影响艾条质量的因素。将上述产地艾叶分别制成叶绒比为10∶1的艾绒,并收集艾渣。利用水蒸气蒸馏法分别提取艾绒、艾渣挥发油,通过气相色谱-质谱联用(gas chromatography-mass spectrometry,GC-MS)分析挥发油成分;另将上述艾绒分别制成艾条,利用温度记录仪记录艾条燃烧温度曲线。结果表明,上述四个产地艾绒挥发油分别鉴定出10种、31种、21种、19种化合物,艾渣挥发油分别鉴定出28种、33种、31种、22种化合物;四个产地艾条燃烧平均温度(中心点、边缘点、半径中点)分别为(533.7±18.9)℃、(463.1±146.2)℃、(524.1±48.6)℃、(439.1±116.7)℃;持续时间分别为(80.7±14.7)min、(60.3±18.9)min、(57.7±11.1)min、(39.5±11.8)min。结果提示,艾绒与艾渣中挥发油成分种类、含量均有差异,不同产地艾绒或艾渣挥发油中所含成分种类、含量均有差异;湖北蕲州艾绒中挥发油种类... 相似文献
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研究探讨利用傅里叶红外光谱技术(FT-IR)结合现代计算机智能辅助解析技术,即现代FT-IR技术,对兽用固体制剂生产过程中关键环节进行物料快速质量检测、监控,及时反映生产状况,探讨制剂生产过程的在线质量控制的必要性和可行性,以此提高兽用制剂质量的安全性、有效性、稳定可靠性。 相似文献
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艾叶挥发油对小鼠生理生化指标影响 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
以昆明系小鼠为研究对象,采用灌胃法给予不同荆量艾叶挥发油乳剂,观察不同剂量艾叶挥发油对小鼠生理生化指标的影响。试验结果表明,艾叶挥发油对小鼠14项血常规的大多数指标无影响,但中剂量组红细胞总数显著增加,红细胞压积升高。艾叶挥发油对生化指标作用显著,与对照组相比,各试验组AKP活性显著提高(P〈0.01);中、高剂量组TP、ALB含量显著增加(P〈0.05);高剂量组溶菌酶含量和SOD活性显著提高(P〈0.05)。说明艾叶挥发油能提高肝脏合成蛋白质的功能,改善动物机体的代谢水平和抗氧化作用。 相似文献
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魏静 《四川畜牧兽医学院学报》2009,(4):28-32
在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。 相似文献
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本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。 相似文献
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以国际标准强毒R株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离MG,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离MG。结果表明,人工感染48小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,96小时气囊已被感染,120小时输卵管已能分离到MG,卵巢始终分离不到MG。人工感染鸡自144小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出MG。药物治疗能在72小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需24天后逐渐降低蛋内MG分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内MG,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。 相似文献
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REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air. 相似文献
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Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF
Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo. 相似文献