鸡传染性法氏囊病的防治

<正>鸡传染性法氏囊病(Infectious BursalDisease,IBD)是由鸡传染性法氏囊病病毒(IBDV)引起的雏鸡免疫缺陷病,属鸡的免疫抑制性高度接触传     

鸡传染性法氏囊病的发病和防治

传染性法氏囊病(IBD)又称禽传染性腔上囊病,是由传染性法氏囊病毒引起鸡的急性、接触传染性疾病.病毒可引起雏鸡的免疫抑制,导致对大肠杆菌、沙门氏菌、鸡球虫等病原更易感,对马立克疫苗、新城疫疫苗等接种的免疫应答能力下降或丧失. 鸡传染性法氏囊病不仅是导致鸡只死亡、淘汰率增加、影响增重等宜接经济损失,更重要的是病毒损伤法氏囊而引起免疫抑制,使病鸡对大肠杆菌、腺病毒、沙门氏菌、鸡球虫等病原更易感,对马立克疫苗、新城疫疫苗等免疫接种的免疫应答下降或丧失.近几年来,虽然饲养户对该病的认识逐步提高,防治措施也有所加强,但该病仍然时有发生,给养鸡生产带来了巨大的经济损失.     

鸡传染性法氏囊病的诊断与防控

鸡传染性法氏囊病是由传染性法氏囊病病毒引起的幼鸡的一种急性高度接触性传染病。病毒损伤雏鸡的法氏囊,可导致免疫抑制,干扰各种疫苗的免疫效果。从该病的病原、流行病学特点、诊断与防控等方面进行阐述,以期为科学防控鸡传染性法氏囊病提供参考。     

我国近年来鸡传染性法氏囊病的发病特点、控制对策及治疗措施

鸡传染性法氏囊病(IBD)是由鸡传染性法氏囊病病毒(IBDV)引起的一种急性、接触性、免疫抑制性疾病该病发病突然(潜伏期2～3d)、病程短(7～8d)、呈尖峰死亡曲线。IBD对养鸡业危害巨大，一方面由于鸡只死亡率、淘汰率增加．影响鸡体增重，造成直接经济损失，另一方面由于IBDV诱发免疫抑制，使鸡体对多种疫苗(如鸡新城疫活疫苗、鸡传染性支     

鸡传染性法氏囊病的诊治

鸡传染性法氏囊病又称鸡传染性腔上囊病.鸡传染性法氏囊病是由传染性法氏囊病病毒(IBDV)所引起的一种急性,高度接触性传染病.发病率高,病程短.幼鸡感染后,可导致免疫抑制,并可诱发多种疫病或使多种疫苗免疫失败.本病病原为传染性法氏囊病毒(IBDV).     

鸡法氏囊病的诊断与防治

鸡传染性法氏囊病(IBD)是由传染性法氏囊病毒(IB-DV)引起的一种急性接触性传染病.由于该病毒侵害鸡体的法氏囊后,能使其机能减退或消失,从而导致免疫功能低下,出现免疫抑制现象,降低了对其它疾病的抵抗力,且经常会免疫失败.     

免疫抑制病之鸡传染性法氏囊病的防制方案

鸡传染性法氏囊病是由传染性法氏囊病毒引起的一种以免疫抑制为主要特征的传染病，本病主要发生于2．15周龄的鸡，但以2-8周龄的鸡只最易感，但是近来笔者发现有7日龄的雏鸡发生该病的病例，有的养鸡户怕鸡过早患传染性法氏囊病，于是就采取一日龄免疫的措施，这种做法不但见不到较好的效果，反而事得其反。     

鸡传染性法氏囊病病毒变异的分子生物学研究进展

鸡传染性法氏囊病(IBD)是由传染性法氏囊病病毒(IBDV)引起的鸡和火鸡的一种急性、高度接触性传染病.     

一例鸡法氏囊病的诊断与治疗

鸡传染性法氏囊病(IBD)是由鸡传染性法氏囊病毒(IB-DV)引起幼鸡的一种急性、高度接触性免疫抑制病,3～6周龄的雏鸡最易感.本病往往突然暴发,传播迅速,发病率高达80%～100%,死亡率可高达70%,死亡曲线呈尖峰式.本病常与大肠杆菌病、新城疫、鸡支原体病混合感染.本病在许多地区发生与流行,是危害养禽业的重要疫病.近年来的大量临床实践证明,干扰素治疗鸡法氏囊病效果比较理想.     

鸡传染性法氏囊病免疫的新突破

鸡传染性法氏囊病(IBD)又称为鸡传染性囊病、甘布罗病,是由传染性法氏囊病毒引起的鸡的一种急性、高度接触性和免疫抑制性的传染病。以突然发病、病程短、发病率高、法氏囊受损和鸡体免疫机能受抑制为特征。1法氏囊疫苗免疫存在的问题成功防控IBD的目的已不再局限于不发生IBD,而是更关注是否对法氏囊的破坏而造成的免疫抑制问题。传统疫苗防控IBD存在几个困惑:母源抗体与免疫时间;母源抗体与疫苗     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …     

鸡败血支原体垂直传播模式及其阻断方法

以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.