论深水网箱鱼类养殖技术

深水网箱养殖是我国新兴的海水鱼类养殖方法。通过2001～2004 年的养殖试验和生产实践,在深水网箱国产化和工程技术研究等方面已经取得了突破,网箱抗风浪性能优良,已能在有屏障的半开放海区抵御12 级以上的强台风,但在深水网箱鱼类养殖技术上还存在许多问题,加强这方面的研究是深水网箱养殖业的当务之急,本文就深水网箱鱼类养殖技术进行了全面探讨。     

常规养殖鱼类的健康养殖技术

常规养殖鱼类主要包括：草鱼、青鱼、鲢、鳙、鲤、罗非鱼、鲮、鲈鱼等鱼类。常规养殖鱼类的养殖仍成为内陆地区水产养殖的主流，成熟的养殖技术是渔民增收的重要保证。本人经过多年的养殖实践，现将常规养殖鱼类的健康养殖技术要点总结以下，以供参考。     

我省名特优鱼类养殖存在的问题及解决方法

随着我省水产养殖业的迅速发展，名特优鱼类的养殖不仅满足了人们对不同档次水产品的需求，同时对提高养鱼的经济效益起了很重要的作用。但在发展名特优鱼类养殖过程中也存在着一些问题。笔者根据多年从事推广名特优鱼类养殖的生产实践，对一些名特优鱼类养殖存在的问题进行分析，提出如下解决问题的方法，供广大养殖户枉养殖生产中参考。     

鱼病的生态预防初探

对养殖鱼类进行生态预防，减低了鱼类发病率，取得了较好的养殖效益和生态效益。     

有关鱼类养殖环境条件的分析

随着水产科学技术的迅猛发展，鱼类养殖环境的研究逐步为人们所注意。1979年10月，在美国密执安州特拉费斯城召开了国际鱼类养殖生物工程专题讨论会。旨在从工程的角度出发，创造优良的养殖环境条件，促进鱼类养殖业的发展。本文就暖水性鱼类生存、生长及养殖所需要的环境条件作一概述。     

东北地区养殖前景看好的小型经济鱼类

近两年，东北地区鲤鱼、鲢鱼、草鱼等常规鱼类养殖陷入低谷，出现了大面积亏损，养殖一斤鲤鱼甚至要亏损1元，严重挫伤了渔民的养殖积极性。如何调整水产养殖品种结构，增加效益，就成为大家特别关注的问题。泥鳅、黄颡鱼等小型经济鱼类白益受到各地关注，并取得了较好养殖效果。过去，小型经济鱼类常被作为野杂鱼类予以清除。但随着生活水平的提高，人们消费观念发生了转变，     

国外鱼类育种简况

鱼类育种在国外已有几百年的历史。随着鱼类养殖事业的不断发展，为改良养殖品种，提高产量和降低成本，各国的科学工作者除了不断改善管理方式、改进养殖技术外，在鱼类育种方面还进行了不少的工作。但与家禽和家畜的育种工作相比，鱼类育种仅局限于较少的品种。鱼类的育种工作大致包括下列几个内容：     

鲑科鱼类鱼卵计数方法简介

鲑科鱼类是国际渔业市场上的高档水产品，也是世界范围内最重要的养殖对象之一。我国幅员辽阔，拥有众多适合开展鲑科鱼类人工养殖的自然资源，并且我国还拥有丰富的优质鲑科鱼类种质资源，如哲罗鱼、细鳞鱼和黑龙江茴鱼等。随着人们生活水平的不断提高，对优质鱼类的消费需求日益增多，鲑科鱼类养殖得到了较快发展，并取得了良好的经济效益。目前在东北地区和内蒙古、甘肃、新疆、山东、山西、福建、四川、云南等地鲑科鱼类养殖蓬勃发展。     

我国海水养殖鱼类引进的现状及其持续发展

本文综述了我国海水养殖鱼类引进的现状，针对海水养殖鱼类引进中存在的问题，提出了相应的对策和持续发展措施。     

江苏淡水优势种类养殖现状及其市场前景与发展对策分析（下）

三、名优鱼类 目前江苏养殖的淡水名优鱼类种类较多，养殖模式多样。这些名优鱼类都是深受消费者欢迎的知名鱼类，需求量较大，市场发展前景十分广阔。1．鳜鱼：鳜鱼是江苏淡水名优鱼类养殖中的当家种类之一，由于其肉质细嫩、肉厚刺少、营养丰富、肉味鲜美，历来深受消费者欢迎，市场需求量大，养殖的经济效益好。     

鳖病防治中的科学用药

在我国的鳖养殖生产中,用药方面还存在着某些问题。本文根据国内外对鳖用药物的研究、使用状况和我国目前鳖病用药的现状,提出了科学用药的一些见解。     

液相色谱-离子阱质谱联用技术定性检测渔药中喹诺酮类抗菌素

建立了高效液相色谱-质谱联用技术定性检测渔药中喹诺酮类抗菌素的方法.利用喹诺酮类化合物的质荷比(m/z)和其荧光光谱特性对渔药中恩诺沙星、环丙沙星、诺氟沙星、氧氟沙星四种喹诺酮类化合物进行定性分析,结果表明该方法快速可行,方法检出限分别为1.29 ng、1.23 ng、1.08 ng、1.00 ng,可用于渔药中喹诺酮类抗菌素的监控.     

自制药敏片体外筛选鸡大肠杆菌敏感药物试验及临床效果观察

选取鸡典型大肠杆菌病的临床病料进行细菌的培养鉴定,再用自制药敏片体外筛选对鸡大肠杆菌敏感的药物用于临床治疗,并观察这些药物的治疗效果。     

New animal drug approvals and the United States aquaculture industry: a partnership for growth

Aquaculture, for better or worse, depends in part on drugs for the prevention, control and eradication of a variety of diseases. The US Food and Drug Administration's Centre for Veterinary Medicine, through the Federal Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act, strictly controls the approval and use of drugs in animals, including aquatic animals. Laws and regulations exist that regulate the investigational use and approval of new animal drugs for all animals. However, in reality, these mandates must be uniquely interpreted for aquatic species. Very few drugs are approved for use in aquatic species. There is a growing effort by non-traditional sponsors (aquaculturists as opposed to pharmaceutical firms) to gain approvals for several new animal drugs. Simultaneously, the federal government, including the Centre for Veterinary Medicine, is working aggressively with the private and public aquaculture sectors to facilitate submission and subsequent approval of new animal drug applications. The drug approval procedures and requirements for aquatic animals are discussed. Special attention is given to their similarities and differences, relative to traditional terrestrial animals.     

Poisoning in swine

For clinical interests it is advisable to subdivide cases of swine poisoning in such as caused by food, drugs and environmental poisonings. This division gives pointers to aetiologic connections and special measures necessary for the clearing of the processes. With food poisoning mycotoxicoses play an evermore important role, whereas poisonings by trace elements are on the decrease. Sodium chloride poisoning often results primarily from insufficient water supply. With environmental poisonings carbon monoxide and cyanamide intoxication are presented. Poisonings caused by drugs are mainly the result of an overdose, of segregation in food or of non-licensed drugs. A relatively unknown swine poisoning by a drug against coccidiosis--licensed for poultry--is described.     

鸡球虫病体液免疫研究进展

鸡球虫病的免疫对鸡的养殖业具有重要的意义。一直以来都以药物防治为主,由于耐药虫株的产生和药物残留对人体造成的不良影响,免疫防治受到人们的普遍关注。了解免疫机制是提高免疫防治的有效方式。鸡球虫免疫机制主要包括细胞免疫,体液免疫。体液免疫通过循环抗体,粘膜抗体,母源抗体对鸡体产生保护作用。     

The determinants of detecting veterinary drug residues: Evidence from shrimp farmers in southern Viet Nam

While export-oriented shrimp farming has become an important source of income for many small-scale farmers in developing countries, the rate at which products are rejected at the ports of developed countries has remained high mainly due to the overuse of antibiotics. To reveal what determines the overuse of antibiotics, we interviewed 201 shrimp farmers in Viet Nam in 2015 and collected shrimp samples from each household’s pond for the screening of residual drugs. These tests revealed that residual drugs exceeding acceptable limits by Japanese standards were found in the samples of 40 farmers. We conducted cross-sectional Logit and Tobit regressions to examine whether results of the residue tests are significantly associated with farmers’ characteristics and management practices. This study finds that: (1) receiving BMP training has a significant and positive effect on reducing residual drugs; (2) if farmers know multiple extension officers, these relationships have significant and positive effects on reducing residual drugs; and (3) farmers with experience of shrimp disease outbreaks reduce use of antibiotics. Overall, this study contributes to revealing the determinants of detecting veterinary drug residues in shrimp farming in multiple (social, economic and psychological) dimensions.     

4株淡水鱼致病菌对常用渔用药物的药物敏感性研究

研究了１０种渔用药物对３株淡水鱼致病菌活性,测定了９种渔用药物对４株淡水鱼致病菌的最低抑菌浓度（ＭＩＣ）和最低杀菌浓度（ＭＢＣ）。结果显示,不同药物药效差别很大,不同菌株对同一药物的敏感性也不尽相同。作者还测定了在不同细菌浓度、有机质含量条件下几种渔用药物的ＭＩＣ和ＭＢＣ,认为水环境因子对药效产生较大影响。在研究基础上,作者提出了使用渔用药物应注意的重要问题。     

Anesthesia in the horse

The paper describes the problems of injection anaesthesia in the horse. Different commonly used methods, drugs and drug combinations are explained. Their actions and side-effects are compared and discussed.     

三种药物对孔雀鱼的急性毒性试验

用高锰酸钾、孔雀石绿和亚甲基兰三种药物对孔雀鱼开展急性毒性试验,并记录了它们在24h、48h、72h和96h出现的中毒症状和死亡数。结果显示:三种药物的96hLC50分别为1.27mg/L,0.73mg/L和273.5mg/L;三种药物的SC分别为0.13mg/L,0.07mg/L和23.75mg/L。相比较而言,亚甲基蓝是最安全和理想的治疗药物。