中华鳖体液免疫应答的初步研究

不同季节用嗜水性单胞杆菌免疫中华鳖所产生的体液免疫应答有所不同。７－９月，抗体效价较高，免疫后第２０ｄ，效价为１：８，免疫后第３０ｄ，效价为１：６４，第４０ｄｏ １：１２８；而在冬春季免疫中华鳖后，均未检测到特异性抗体。对其进行了２次免疫后，也未见抗体水平升高。     

鸡球虫病细胞免疫学研究进展

鸡球虫病是危害现代化养鸡业的重大疫病。目前鸡球虫病的防制主要依赖于药物，但是鸡球虫耐药虫株的频繁出现，研制、开发新的抗球虫药费用极其昂贵，球虫药残留及对环境污染，迫使人们寻找人工免疫的方法防制鸡球虫病。为了制作具有充分保护力的疫苗，必须阐明鸡球虫保护免疫机制，寻找具有免疫功能的保护性抗原。近年来兴起了对球虫病免疫研究热。大量研究表明，鸡球虫免疫主要有三种方式，即体液免疫、局部免疫和细胞免疫，其中体液免疫和局部免疫在球虫免疫中占次要地位，细胞免疫起主导作用。     

鱼类体液免疫因子研究进展

同高等脊椎动物一样 ,鱼类也是通过免疫系统来抵御外来病原生物的侵害 ,通过非特异性和特异性的免疫防御机制来维持机体的正常功能及自身内环境的稳定。但是 ,近年来鱼类病害发生频繁 ,其中某些疾病给水产养殖业造成灾难性的危害。这就使得免疫防治技术在鱼病防治中呈现出日趋广阔的应用前景[1] 。因此 ,对鱼类特别是重要的经济鱼类免疫系统的研究受到国内外学者的广泛关注。鱼类的免疫系统是鱼体执行免疫功能的机构 ,是产生免疫应答的物质基础 ,由免疫器官、免疫细胞和体液免疫因子组成。本文着重就鱼类体液免疫因子的研究进展作一概述 ,包…     

H5亚型禽流感疫苗对鸡鸭免疫效果的测定与分析

在非疫区用H5亚型禽流感疫苗对20日龄以上鸡、鸭进行免疫试验,并对其结果进行比较和分析,得出不同日龄的鸡鸭免疫接种H5亚型禽流感疫苗20 d后其HI抗体效价不同,不同种类的家禽的免疫效果也不相同。75日龄肉鸡所产生的HI抗体效价最高,达6.4 log2。而75日龄肉鸭的HI抗体只有2.5 log2。     

卵黄抗体及其在水产养殖病害防治中的研究进展

卵黄抗体(IgY)是一种存在于卵黄中的免疫球蛋白，具有性质稳定、安全高效、绿色环保、不产生耐药性等特点，在水产养殖病害防治领域具有广泛应用前景。文章介绍了卵黄抗体的分子结构、理化性质和作用机制以及卵黄抗体在水产动物疾病防治中的研究现状和应用前景，以期为今后卵黄抗体在水产养殖的基础研究和应用提供参考。     

猪瘟灭活疫苗抗体消长规律动态分析

猪瘟(CSF)是由猪瘟病毒(CSFV)引起的一种猪的急性、烈性传染病,被国际兽疫局(OIE)列为A类传染病。我国每年都投入大量的人力、物力、财力进行猪瘟疫病的研究及控制工作。但近年来猪瘟仍有发生,且有增强的趋势。至今尚无特效的治疗药物,疫苗预防仍是我国防治猪瘟的主要手段。通过对母源抗体跟踪监测和对猪瘟灭活疫苗不同免疫剂量和不同首免日龄进行比较试验,系统地反映了猪瘟母源抗体及灭活疫苗免疫后抗体的消长规律和免疫效果。为进一步掌握猪瘟灭活疫苗的免疫效力及免疫期、为该病的防治制定合理的免疫程序及为猪瘟的扑灭和净化提供科学的依据。     

鸡球虫免疫研究进展

据统计全世界因鸡球早病造成的经济损失约20亿美元。鸡球早抗药性虫株的不断产生，使新药研制费用高达0．5－1亿美元。药物残留给食品安全带来隐患。如何有效地防治球虫病是目前养鸡生产面临的主要问题，鸡球虫病免疫研究成为热点。80年代后，细胞生物学、分子生物学等学科的发展，将球虫免疫的研究由组织水平推进到细胞和分子水平。在抗原的种类，结构、免疫原性及诱导抗体产生保护性免疫机制方面取得了相当大的成效。亚单疫疫苗正在研制，PCR技术已建立起cDNA文库，如Etenella的基因文库等。总之，生物学技术在当今寄生虫学领域的应用，已取得了令人瞩目的的成就，本文主要概述鸡球虫免疫原性，宿主保护性免疫机制和抗球虫苗的研制。     

产蛋鸡新城疫抗体水平监测数据与分析

鸡新城疫又称亚洲鸡瘟,是由鸡新城疫病毒(Newcastlediseasevirus)引起的一种急性、热性、败血性传染病。发病率及致死率高达90%以上。是危害养鸡业的主要疾病之一。当前国内新城疫流行以慢性化、非典型化为主,多发生在免疫鸡群。鸡新城疫抗体水平是揭示鸡体免疫状况、感染能力的一项重要指标,尤其在非典型新城疫疾病诊断中就更有应用价值。本文通过对抗体水平的监测,探索鸡群合理的免疫时间,为控制鸡新城疫提供依据。1材料与方法1.1材料1.1.1试验鸡:选用安阳地区3个养殖户饲养的5批海兰白蛋鸡。1.1.2鸡红细胞悬液:采自养殖场饲养的非免疫鸡…     

被动转移免疫在鲫感染温和气单胞菌中的作用

实验用鲫平均体重100g，采用免疫物质被动转移试验，探讨体液免疫在鲫感染温和气单胞菌（Aeromonas sobria)中的保护作用。结果表明，无论免疫物质是来自异源还是自源，是由相关的嗜水气单胞菌（A.hydrophia)诱导产生还是由攻毒的温和气单胞直接刺激，均具有良好的免疫保护作用。实验还发现，再次攻毒时，在所有抗体组的鲫存活率为100%时，全血被动转移组的死亡率高达55.6%；免疫前后免疫复合物发生明显变化。说明抗体在保护鲫免疫受温和气单胞菌的致死性感染中发挥决定性的作用。     

注意影响鸡群免疫力的药物和毒物因素

<正>生产者往往忽视许多药物对机体免疫系统有抑制作用,如糖皮质类激素(如地塞米松)长期或大剂量使用,可使鸡法氏囊淋巴细胞死亡而有免疫抑制作用;长期在饲料中添加土霉素,可破坏T淋巴细胞,鸡体内抗体形成受到抑制;链霉素、新霉素、庆大霉素和     

陕西省重大动物疫病秋防免疫抗体的检测与分析

猪瘟、口蹄疫、禽流感和新城疫四种重大动物疫病对畜禽业的危害非常严重,目前疫苗免疫是预防和控制动物疫病最有效的途径,免疫抗体检测能很好的反映出免疫效果的好坏。为了及时了解陕西省重大动物疫病免疫状况,2010年11月份在全省11个市(区)的21个县随机采集牛、羊、猪、鸡秋防免疫血清共2359份,按照农业部规定的检测方法,对其进行了重大动物疫病免疫抗体水平的检测,检测结果均达到或超过农业部规定的合格标准,说明陕西省今年秋防动物免疫效果总体较好。     

广西鸡巨型艾美尔球虫的分离鉴定

为了了解广西鸡球虫病的流行种类,对一起疑似鸡巨型艾美耳球虫病例进行了临床诊断和实验室检测,并对分离到的球虫卵囊进行鉴定,从病例的病理变化和球虫卵囊形态特征等鉴定为鸡巨型艾美耳球虫。     

Passive immunization of tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus (L.), with anti-Streptococcus iniae whole sera

Passive immunization of tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus, was conducted to determine whether anti- Streptococcus iniae whole sera (ASI), heat inactivated anti- S . iniae whole sera (HIASI) and normal whole sera (NWS) were protective when intraperitoneally (i.p.) injected into tilapia. The ASI was produced in tilapia actively immunized (challenged) with virulent S. iniae by i.p. injection. An antibody response against S. iniae was demonstrated by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and 18% of the immunized fish died because of the S. iniae infection. The actively immunized tilapia demonstrated a secondary antibody response and immunity to S. iniae after challenge with S. iniae by i.p. injection. Survival was 100% in the actively immunized fish. The NWS was obtained from tilapia free of ASI antibody and susceptible to S. iniae infection (40% mortality). In two separate experiments, significantly higher mortality was noted in tilapia passively immunized with NWS (33 and 53%) and phosphate buffered saline (PBS) (30 and 60%), in comparison with mortalities of 0 and 10% or 3.3 and 6.7% in the fish passively immunized with ASI or HIASI 14 days after S . iniae infection by i.p. injection ( P  = 0.0003 and 0.0023). Results suggest that immunity provided by ASI and HIASI was because of antibody against S. iniae . Inactivation of complement in the HIASI treatment further suggests that ASI antibody plays a primary role in immunity against S. iniae infection.     

鸡传染性法氏囊病的诊疗报告

鸡传染性法氏囊病是一种传播迅速、危害极大的急性、高度接触性传染病。在受IBDV污染严重的环境下，若消毒不严格，免疫预防不当，易造成鸡群发病。2000年秋季白云区某鸡场发生IBD，经实验室诊断后及时采取措施进行防制，取得了良好的效果。本文对本次发病的诊断与防制情况进行简要介绍。     

Characterization of serum and mucosal antibody responses and relative per cent survival in rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum), following immunization and challenge with Flavobacterium psychrophilum

Serum and mucosal antibody responses of juvenile rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss, were characterized by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) following immunization with various preparations of formalin‐killed Flavobacterium psychrophilum cells. The protective nature of these preparations was then determined by immunizing rainbow trout fry and challenging with the bacterium. Juvenile rainbow trout immunized intraperitoneally (i.p.) with formalin‐killed F. psychrophilum emulsified with Freund's complete adjuvant (FCA), and i.p. with formalin‐killed F. psychrophilum either with or without culture supernatant generated significant serum antibody responses by 6 and 9 weeks, respectively. Significant mucosal antibody responses were detected by 9 weeks only in fish immunized i.p. with killed F. psychrophilum/FCA. Following immunization and bacterial challenge of rainbow trout fry, protective immunity was conferred in F. psychrophilum/FCA and saline/FCA groups with relative per cent survival values of up to 83 and 51, respectively. Significant protection was not observed in treatment groups immunized by immersion or i.p. without adjuvant at the challenge doses tested. Results suggest that stimulation of non‐specific immune factors enhances the ability of fish to mount a protective immune response, but specific antibody appears necessary to provide near complete protection. In this study, an ELISA was developed to monitor anti‐F. psychrophilum antibody production in trout. The relationship of such responses to protective immunity suggests that future vaccination strategies against coldwater disease may require stimulation of both the innate and adaptive arms of the immune response.     

鳜浸泡嗜水气单胞菌全菌疫苗后皮肤黏液抗体的变化

应用间接ELISA方法,研究经嗜水气单胞菌(Aeromonas hydrophila)疫苗浸泡免疫后鳜(Siniperca chuatsi)皮肤黏液中抗体消长规律,以揭示鳜局部黏膜免疫在免疫保护中的作用及浸泡免疫的保护效果。结果表明,鳜皮肤黏液中抗体滴度在免疫后第7天达到峰值211,抗体从开始形成到消失持续21 d;添加佐剂(IMS1312、葡聚糖、莨菪碱、食盐)可以提高鳜皮肤黏液及血清中抗体滴度和相对免疫保护率,其中添加IMS1312组免疫保护率最高,达77.8%,免疫保护与抗体滴度成正相关(R2=0.79,P<0.05);以溶菌酶为代表的非特异性免疫在免疫后1周内即抗体未形成时,对鱼体起主要保护作用。此外,通过比较鳜血清与皮肤黏液中的抗体消长规律,发现血清中抗体滴度峰值出现时间较迟(第14天),抗体持续时间较长(42 d),初步推断鳜皮肤黏膜中可能存在相对独立于全身免疫系统的局部黏膜免疫系统。     

Systemic and mucosal antibody response in tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus (L.), following immunization with Flavobacterium columnare

Specific antibody responses to Flavobacterium columnare (isolate ATCC 23463T) were characterized in plasma and mucus of tilapia following intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection or immersion immunization with formalin-killed sonicated or whole cell preparations. Fish (30 per treatment) received a primary immunization and were booster immunized 4 weeks later. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was developed for detection and quantification of specific anti-F. columnare antibody, and it was found that formalin-killed sonicated cells in Freund's complete adjuvant (FCA) injected i.p. stimulated a significant systemic antibody response within 2 weeks (mean titre 11,200) which increased to 30,600 following secondary immunization. At 10 weeks post-immunization, the mean titre remained significantly elevated above the controls. Antibodies were also observed in cutaneous mucus of fish immunized i.p. with formalin-killed sonicated cells in FCA at 6 and 8 weeks post-immunization (mean titres 67 and 33, respectively). Although some individual fish responded, mean plasma and cutaneous mucus antibody titres were not significantly greater than controls in any of the other treatment groups. The results of this study demonstrate that tilapia can mount a significant humoral response in plasma and cutaneous mucus to F. columnare, but i.p. immunization with FCA is required to elicit this response.     

Identification of a localized mucosal immune response in rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum), following immunization with a protein-hapten antigen

The ability of rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (RBT), to produce a localized mucosal immune response was investigated following intraperitoneal (i.p.) or peranal (p.a.) immunization with a protein-hapten carrier, fluorescein isothiocyanate conjugated to keyhole limpet haemocyanin (FITC/KLH). Antibody levels in serum, mucus, tissue culture supernatant from blood and spleen leucocytes, and excised skin, intestine and gill tissues were determined by ELISA. Significantly, elevated antigen-specific antibodies were elicited in both serum and mucus of fish immunized i.p. Mucosal antibody responses, in general, paralleled serum responses over time. Leucocytes isolated from spleen and blood of i.p. immunized fish at week 10 produced significantly elevated antibody levels against FITC when cultured in vitro. Excised skin, intestine and gill tissues from these fish also exhibited significantly elevated antibody responses indicating localized production in the mucosa from tissue-specific B cells. A localized mucosal immune response was elicited only after i.p. and not p.a. immunization, suggesting that systemically stimulated B cells migrate to mucosal tissues where they produce antibodies locally.     

Antibody response in sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax L.) in relation to water temperature and oxygenation

The influence of water temperature and water oxygenation on the specific antibody response was evaluated by indirect ELISA in sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax L.) immunized against human‐γ‐ globulins emulsified in Freund's complete adjuvant. A higher antibody response was observed in fish reared at 24 and 30 °C, than at 12 and 18 °C. For the fish group reared at 24 °C, the immunological observation was carried out until 300 days after immunization. At the end of this period, fish kept at 24 °C still showed immunological competence, although the antibody response began to decrease significantly from 120 days after the immunization. Fish reared under mild hyperoxia and normoxia conditions had higher antibody responses than fish reared under mild hypoxia conditions. Moreover, at the end of the experimental period of 56 days the antibody response of fish reared under hyperoxia conditions was significantly higher than the immune response detected in fish reared under normoxia and hypoxia conditions.