2015年常州金坛区秋季重大动物疫病免疫效果评价

高致病性禽流感、鸡新城疫、生猪口蹄疫等重大动物疫病对畜禽业的危害非常严重,疫苗免疫是预防和控制动物疫病最有效途径,免疫抗体监测能够反映出免疫效果的好坏。为及时做好2015年常州市金坛区秋季重大动物疫病的预防免疫效果的评价,掌握金坛区动物疫情动态,提高金坛区重大动物疫情的预警预报能力,随机采集全区8个乡镇共930份血样进行检测,检测结果均达到或者超过农业部规定的合格标准。说明2015年秋防总体免疫效果较好。     

2009年古田县重大动物疫病免疫抗体监测评估分析

<正>免疫是防控重大动物疫病的有效措施,也是动物防疫工作的核心内容。是扎实做好重大动物疫病的强制免疫工作,确保免疫密度和质量,构筑有效免疫屏障的前提。因此,做好重大动物疫病免疫抗体监测意义十分重大。按照农业部《关于印发〈2009年国家动物疫病监测计划〉的通知》(农医发〔2009〕2号)文件规定的标准和农业部《关于做好2009年重大动物疫病免疫工作的通知》(农医发〔2009〕1号)文件规定的标准进行判定,现将我县重大动物疫病免疫抗体监测评估分析如下。     

影响动物免疫效果的因素与对策

<正>近年来,我国重大动物疫病防控工作取得了明显成效,特别是《中华人民共和国动物防疫法》的颁布和实施,使我国重大动物疫病防控工作纳入了法制化管理轨道,对最大限度地预防口蹄疫、高致病性猪蓝耳病、高致病性禽流感以及小反刍兽疫等动物疫病的发生和蔓延发挥了重要作用。但是,动物免疫作为重大动物疫病防控的关键环节,仍存在免疫抗体检测不达标甚至免疫失败等问题。现就影响动物免疫效果的因素与对策作一下探讨。     

猪业信息

<正>农业部发布2007年重大动物疫病免疫和监测方案中国农业信息网消息,农业部于近日制定了《2007年高致病性禽流感和口蹄疫等主要动物疫病监测方案》和《2007年高致病性禽流感和口蹄疫等重大动物疫病免疫方案》。两个方案的实施,将有力促进各地重大动物疫病防控工作,提高重大动物疫情预警预报能力,提高免疫密度,确保免疫效果,实现全年重大动物疫病防控目标。     

南川区春防猪瘟、口蹄疫、蓝耳病抗体监测结果分析

重庆市南川区动物疫病预防控制中心2011年6月对全区34个乡镇畜禽强制免疫病种免疫抗体水平进行了监测,共监测541份血清。结果表明:猪瘟、口蹄疫的免疫抗体水平较高,分别为93.3%和89.3%,免疫效果较好,而猪繁殖与呼吸综合征免疫抗体水平相对较差,为53.7%。猪瘟、口蹄疫抗体水平较去年同期都有所提高,得益于免疫程序的科学制定及乡镇畜牧站综合目标管理及考核办法的实施,猪繁殖与呼吸综合征的免疫及其免疫抗体水平检测在进一步研究当中。     

常见酶联免疫吸附试验及注意事项

重大动物疫病强制免疫工作做为防治重大动物疫病发生的有效措施,在保障社会公共安全和畜牧业生产健康发展都具有十分重要的意义,而免疫抗体监测作为评估免疫效果、预警疫情动态最直接的手段,被越来越多的养殖户所认可。     

从免疫抗体检测结果研究分析动物防疫工作存在的问题及对策

近几年全国动物疫情形势严峻，商洛市每年对动物防疫都投人了相当多的人力、物力和财力。虽经畜牧科技丁作者的努力．各部门密切配合，采取了强有力的防控措施．动物疫情未能流行蔓延。但动物防痤效果究竟怎样，一直是我市畜牧主管部门和业务部门关注的首要问题。为了掌握几种重大动物疫病的免疫效果，2006年春防结束后，陕西省、商洛市两级动物防疫监督机构对商洛市各县（区）畜禽采集一定比例血清样品进行了免疫抗体水平检测。具体情况分析如下：     

三都水族自治县2022年秋季动物疫病免疫抗体效价评估与分析

按照重大动物疫病强制免疫要求，对三都水族自治县域内的畜禽实施口蹄疫、高致病性禽流感、猪瘟、小反刍兽疫等疫苗免疫及集中监测，并展开免疫抗体效价评估与分析，以及时掌握辖区内重大动物疫病总体免疫质量、疫情风险水平及存在的问题，为下一步做好重大动物疫病免疫工作提供科学依据和参考。     

中宁县动物免疫抗体水平监测工作现状与对策

开展动物免疫抗体水平监测是检验免疫效果,掌握疫情动态的最直接、最有效的方法之一,动物的免疫抗体水平的高低既可以反映出动物群体和个体对重大动物疫病的抵抗力和免疫力,又可以为防控重大动物疫病提供权威和科学的依据。而实际工作中,开展动物免疫抗体水平监测面临人员技术与数量、养殖户配合程度、经费等多方面的制约因素,笔者通过在养殖户、乡村兽医人员等对象大量调研的基础上,结合多年的基层工作实际情况,对此项工作的现状、面临困难加以归纳,并提出几点对策,以供参考。     

农业部要求:稳扎稳打做好春季重大动物疫病防控工作

<正>3月7日,农业部召开全国春季重大动物疫病防控工作视频会议,深入分析当前动物疫病防控形势,安排部署春季重大动物疫病防控工作。农业部副部长于康震强调,要采取有力措施,切实做好春防各项工作,努力确保不发生区域性重大动物疫情和动物产品安全事件。农业部要求:3月7日全面启动春季集中免疫工作,力争5月上旬全部完成,5月中旬开展免疫效果评价。同时,积极探索强制免疫财政补助政     

水产养殖病害测报概况及展望

水产养殖病害是水产养殖生产发展和养殖水产品质量安全的主要制约因素,准确的病害测报对疫病防控工作至关重要。文章从我国水产养殖病害测报工作的开展历程、测报依据、测报工作内容、测报体系与信息化建设等方面进行综述,对病害测报工作中存在的问题提出了建议,并作了病害测报的前景展望。     

Beta-glucan: an ideal immunostimulant in aquaculture (a review)

The major hindrance in the development and sustainability of aquaculture industry is the occurrence of various diseases in the farming systems. Today, preventive and management measures are central concern to overcome such outbreak of diseases. Immunostimulants are considered as an effective tool for enhancing immune status of cultured organisms. Among different immunostimulants used in aquaculture practices, β-glucan is one of the promising immunostimulant, which is a homopolysaccharide of glucose molecule linked by the glycoside bond. It forms the major constituents of cell wall of some plants, fungi, bacteria, mushroom, yeast, and seaweeds. Major attention on β-glucan was captivated with the gain in knowledge on its receptors and the mechanism of action. The receptor present inside the animal body recognizes and binds to β-glucan, which in turn renders the animal with high resistance and enhanced immune response. This review highlights β-glucan as an immunostimulant, its effective dosages, and route of administration and furthermore provides an outline on role of β-glucan in enhancing growth, survival, and protection against infectious pathogens pertaining to fishes and shellfishes. Study also summarizes the effect of β-glucan on its receptors, recognition of proteins, immune-related enzymes, immune-related gene expression and their mechanisms of action.     

A review of reported seaweed diseases and pests in aquaculture in Asia

Seaweeds have been used as a food for centuries in Asia and are increasingly exploited as a source for dietary supplements, animal feed, chemicals, and biofuels. In recent years, there has been an increase in the prevalence of diseases and pests in these aquaculture crops, with a subsequent reduction in their quantity and commercial value. In this article, we review diseases that have been reported in the scientific literature for species of red and brown seaweeds. We have focused on the major seaweed crops grown in Asia, where much of this production is centered. We also provide information on disease management and biosecurity and some observations on future directions.     

转基因技术在动物营养学中的应用及发展前景

转基因技术的研究和应用已渗透到生命科学的各个领域,动物营养学的发展需要在分子水平上分析及解释营养物质对动物机体的变化调控,如生长发育、新陈代谢、遗传变异、免疫与疾病等。本文综述了转基因动物在动物营养学中的应用:改善生产性状,提高生产性能;建立遗传性疾病、肿瘤和其它疾病的实验动物模型;增强抗病力;利用转基因动物生产药用蛋白质。     

家禽免疫增强剂研究进展

家禽免疫增强剂是指通过非特异途径提高机体对抗原产生特异性反应的物质,可改善禽体的免疫应答。目前的情况是,原有的疾病还未得到有效的控制,新的疫情又接踵而至,令人防不胜防,给养禽业带来了巨大的经济损失。家禽免疫增强剂能显著提高机体免疫系统功能,增强机体抗病力,减少疾病发生,因而成为近年来研究的热点课题。     

A future vision for disease control in shrimp aquaculture

Aquaculture is the fastest‐growing animal production sector, and shrimp production already exceeds that of the capture fishery. Viruses and bacteria account for the majority of disease losses for shrimp farmers. Viral pandemics in the mid 1990s and, more recently, a bacterial pandemic from 2009 to 2015 have led to the conclusion that future, sustainable shrimp aquaculture will depend on the development of more efficient, biosecure production facilities that cultivate specific pathogen‐free (SPF) shrimp, genetically improved for growth and disease tolerance or resistance. Major requirements for development, maintenance, and use of SPF stocks in aquaculture are effective pathogen surveillance and disease prevention methods. When protective measures fail and diseases occur in production ponds, there are currently only a few approved and practical therapeutic methods available for use with bacterial pathogens and none so far for viral pathogens. To improve existing methods of prevention and therapy and to develop new ones, research is being carried out on the nature of shrimp–pathogen interactions. Promising results have been obtained at the laboratory level for possible applications involving the use of immunostimulants for “immune priming” or “trained immunity” of RNA interference and of endogenous viral elements. Some of these promising new directions are discussed.     

厦门湾海水养殖鱼类常见疾病与防治

本文通过对厦门湾及其沿岸的海水养殖鱼类疾病种类、病原、流行情况和防治方法进行调查,总结出常见疾病15种,其中病毒性疾病3种,细菌性疾病4种,寄生虫性疾病6种,其它疾病2种.对疾病的发生原因和防治对策加以重点阐述.     

基因工程疫苗概述

疫苗在动物疫病的防控中起着巨大作用,但传统疫苗(灭活苗、弱毒苗)已不能跟上当前畜牧业发展的的步伐。基因工程疫苗作为分子生物技术发展的新兴产物克服了传统疫苗的生产成本高、免疫途径局限、安全性较低等缺点,成为动物疫苗发展的新方向。文章概述了几种常用基因工程疫苗的特点及研究进展,为进一步研究提供文献参考。     

Experiences in the paraimmunization of cats in veterinary practice

The inducer PIND-AVI was used prophylactically and therapeutically to test the effects of paramunization in a SPF cat colony and in various small animal practices. Prophylactic paramunization significantly improved the breeding results in the SPF cat colony. Mortality declined from 44.6% to 3.4%. The corresponding placebo groups were also tested thereby demonstrating the significance of the results. In comparison, the treatment of acutely diseased cats (all of the same litter or the same colony) showed that paramunization can also be used as an additional measure to the conventional therapy of infectious diseases with different etiology. Furthermore, it is possible that this measure alone can limit the incidence of disease providing the dosage is high enough and treatment is long enough (at least 3-5 days). The course of disease is thereafter mild and complications can be hindered. Chronic and recurrent infections (e.g., dermatitis and gingivitis) can be controlled with repeated paramunization. Prophylactic paramunization decreases the danger of an acute infection and provides for the newborn's fast adaptation to a contaminated environment. It also reduces the consequences of an exogenous and endogenous immune suppression.     

Pathological indicators in sows relevant to animal welfare in modern housing systems

Methods and problems are discussed evaluating pathological indicators potentially related to animal welfare in modern husbandry systems of brood sows. A variety of interrelationships of diseases and genetic dispositions concerning the locomotive and cardiovascular system interferes with the required forensic evidence between individual sickness and housing and/or neglected care. There are no defined pathological processes indicating disproportionate husbandry as well as insufficient ability of physical exercise. Highly restricted possibilities to move caused by modern housing may result in pathologically manifest alterations. Technopathic diseases (induced by housing systems) may be prevented by enhanced care concerning the health control of animals and the functioning of the technical equipment as well as by appropriate prophylaxis. Farmers and veterinary surgeons should co-operate for the needs of animal welfare. One of the resulting conclusions is to plan for and to provide more labour for specific care necessary to maintain animal welfare. One should consider such management calculations with major precaution in which the size of working units relative to manpower gets increasingly maximized.