新疆棉花生产发展中的品质问题及其提升策略

自1950年至今，棉花产业为新疆农村，尤其是南疆广大棉区农村的和谐稳定起到了保障作用。分析当前新疆棉花生产发展中存在的品质问题及其原因，并从优化区域布局形成多类型品种结构、培育品种和研发生产技术提高内在品质、严格规范棉花采收加工程序提高加工技术水平、提升技术创新能力和加快大数据平台建设5个方面提出了建议。     

新疆机采棉加工过程中棉花品质变化分析

为了掌握新疆机采棉加工中棉花品质变化趋势，依据现有的棉花加工工艺，设计了试验方案，对新疆机采棉加工中的不同工序点棉花品质进行取样、测试、统计，并采用数据分析方法，对不同工艺环节的棉花品质变化进行了分析。随着加工工艺的推进，棉花反射率、黄色深度上升，棉纤维长度下降。     

影响新疆阿克苏地区棉花质量的主要成因及提升对策

随着新疆阿克苏地区机采棉面积的激增,棉花质量出现下降,存在颜色级下降、长度偏短、成熟度不够等现象。为全面了解阿克苏地区棉花纤维品质变化情况及成因,阿克苏地区农业农村局组织有关人员深入植棉县（市）种子管理站、种业企业、棉花加工企业、棉纺企业、种植大户开展调研。结合调研分析,认为影响棉花质量的主要因素是品种、种植管理、采收、收购和加工工艺等,并从积极发挥政策引导作用,加大优质棉花品种选育与管理,开展配套生产技术研究与规范棉花种植管理,规范棉花采收、加工行为,强化棉花质量监督检查,合力打造品牌棉花,促进信息互联互通等方面提出了相应对策,以期对提升该地区棉花质量起到指导作用。     

新疆植棉区2019年棉花种业报告

通过对新疆植棉区2019年棉花生产和育种情况、种业情况的调研,阐述了2019年新疆棉花生产发展现状、品种审定推广情况、种业发展现状.从棉花品种"多乱杂"情况依然是棉花生产的主要问题、地方堡垒保护主义较严重、知识产权保护力度不够、市场监督与规范种子生产加工力度不够等方面分析了棉花生产中品种的困境;从机采棉种质资源匮乏、创...     

提升新疆南疆棉花质量的措施探讨

为了加快新疆南部地区棉花产业高质量发展,保障棉花提质增效,概述了棉花种植存在"品种多乱杂、用地养地不协调、不注重品质提升和田间管理关键环节做得不到位"等问题,并针对性提出了"加强品种统一规范、品种准入和市场监管、建立三圃良繁体系及品种展示田提升品种质量、提高加工技术水平和企业管理制度、健全按质论价收购市场、加强棉田水肥一体化管理"等措施.从而抓好棉花质量提升工作.     

新疆兵团棉花品种纤维品质现状分析

分析了 2 0 0 2年度新疆兵团南、北疆主要植棉区棉花品种品质现状 ,认为温度不是影响南、北疆棉花品质的主要因素。总体上看北疆棉花纤维品质优于南疆 ,南疆主要品种的品质尚没有重大突破是主要原因。北疆棉花品质好的原因是 ,近年农七师农科所育成的“新陆早”系列品种品质有显著提高。根据新疆棉区气候特点 ,对新疆兵团棉花品种选择和育种提出了建议。     

新疆自育抗病品种的重要性

棉花品种是决定产量高低、品质好坏的重要因素.全世界各个植棉国家在发展棉花生产中,都把育种工作放在重要的地位来抓,在种子上下功夫.新疆已建成我国最大的优质棉基地,年产皮棉达到150万吨,其中兵团50万吨以上.在西部大开发中,棉花依然是支柱产业.棉花要发展必须把品种工作放在重要的地位,以优质品种科学种植,先进的加工技术生产优质皮棉,参与市场竞争,使新疆棉花生产得到持续稳定的发展.     

影响棉花品质的主要因素及提高措施

自从20世纪80年代以来，棉花生产发展较快，但随着市场经济的发展、生产水平的提高，也暴露出一些问题，如生产成本高、纤维品质差、效益低，严重影响了农民种棉的积极性，棉花生产波动较大。改善棉花品质，提高市场竞争力，成为当前棉花生产的一个十分重要的问题。在棉花生产中，影响棉花品质的因素很多，如种子、种植制度、生产技术、病虫害防治、收储、加工等，但其中种子的选育、繁育、加工是一个重要的环节。     

新疆阿拉尔垦区棉花枯黄萎病的发生及防治措施

近年来由于气候变化异常、抗病耐病品种匮乏等原因，新疆阿拉尔垦区棉花枯萎病和黄萎病呈现出加重发生的趋势，严重影响棉花的产量和品质。为了实现棉花生产提质增效、保持可持续发展，初步分析了阿拉尔垦区2018―2020年棉花枯萎病和黄萎病发病特点和原因，摸索总结出棉花枯萎病、黄萎病的综合防治措施。     

河南部分棉花品种在新疆库尔勒的适应性分析

为了选育适宜新疆机采的棉花品种，2017年优选18个不同类型的棉花品种材料在新疆库尔勒开展棉花比较试验，并进行适应性分析。结果表明：河南省棉花品种在新疆库尔勒有较好的适应性，其中豫新01、豫新02、豫新04、豫杂35和银山2号表现突出，丰产性较对照增产10%以上，纤维品质优良，适宜在新疆库尔勒机采棉区推广种植。     

Factors in the Reduction in Grain Number in Winter Wheat by Early-Sowing in Yamaguchi

Abstract

Grain number per spike of wheat is lower in early sowing than in the conventional standard cultivation in Yamaguchi, Prefecture, Japan. Components of the grain number per spike in five cultivars were analyzed with respect to temperature during the spike development period throughout three growing seasons 2001/2002, 2002/2003 and 2003/2004 to find the cause of the problem of early sowing cultivation. The plants sown in early-October and late-November were called the early sown group and the standard group, respectively, in the following. Three of the five cultivars, Hokushin, Akitakko and Nanbukomugi, showed a strong winter habit, which requires very cold temperatures for spike differentiation. The other two cultivars, Iwainodaichi and Airakomugi, had a moderate winter habit. Grain number per spike and grain yield were decreased by early-sowing (compare with the standard group) in almost all cultivars throughout the three growing seasons. The three cultivars which had a strong winter habit had fewer spikelets per spike in the early-sown group than in the standard group. The other two cultivars which had a moderate winter habit had fewer grains per spikelet in the early-sown group. The higher the temperature during the spikelet formation phase, which is from flag leaf initiation to terminal spikelet initiation, the higher the number of spikelets per spike in the standard group. The spikelet number per spike in the early-sown group increased with the increase in productive tillers under fertile conditions. Such conditions also increased the grain number per spike.     

Allelopathy in Agroecosystems in Spain

Summary

This paper reviews the effects of allelopathic interactions in agroecosystems in Spain on plant physiological activity and their ecological advantages. The phenological stage of growth of donor plants and the effective allelochemicals in the soil solution while studying the role of phenolic compounds were highlighting. Finally possible future prospects and conclusions regarding weed control by allelochemi-cals under integrated crop management strategies are discussed.     

2009年中国稻米市场分析及2010年展望

以翔实的资料对2009年中国稻米生产、消费、进出口、供求平衡、库存、价格走势、购销政策和国际稻米供求等情况进行了全面地分析,对影响2010年稻米市场价格走势的各种因素进行了深入研究,并在此基础上对2010年我国稻米市场价格走势进行了预测,结论是我国稻米价格仍呈上行趋势。     

Diurnal changes in net photosynthetic rate in potato in two environments

Summary Diurnal changes in net photosynthetic rate were measured in a furrow-irrigated potato crop and in a riverbed crop where the water table was always maintained at 20–28 cm from the soil surface. In the irrigated crop, the photosynthetic rate during mid-afternoon was about half the peak rate observed at noon. This reduction was accompanied by a near tripling of stomatal resistance, a 45% reduction in transpiration, and a 5-fold increase in the difference between leaf and air temperatures. No such changes were observed in the riverbed crop where the photosynthetic rate remained nearly constant at about 0.9 mg m⁻² s⁻¹ between 9 a.m. and 4 p.m. Tuber yield in the riverbed crop was about 30% higher than in the irrigated crop.     

我国干热区甘蔗抗旱植蔗主要问题研讨

我国干热蔗区是我国甘蔗糖业的重要生产基地,蔗区光热资源丰富,唯降水分布不均成为植蔗生产的主要限制因子;根据蔗区植蔗特点和甘蔗需水规律,苗期抗旱是干热蔗区抗旱植蔗的关键,保证较多的总苗数和足够的生长量是苗期抗旱植蔗需解决的关键技术难题,制定相应的苗期抗旱植蔗栽培技术措施是解决该难题的重要保障;该观点为我国干热蔗区植蔗生产、甘蔗引育种提供理论和技术支持。     

Advances in Variable Rate Technology Application in Potato in The Netherlands

Precision agriculture is a farming management concept based on observing, measuring and responding to inter- and intra-field variability in crops. In this paper, we focus on responding to intra-field variability in potato crops and analyse variable rate applications (VRAs). We made an overview of potential VRAs in potato crop management in The Netherlands. We identified 13 potential VRAs in potato, ranging from soil tillage to planting to crop care to selective harvest. We ranked them on availability of ‘proof of concept’ and on-farm test results. For five VRAs, we found test results allowing to make a cost-benefit assessment. These five VRAs were as follows: planting, soil herbicide weed control, N side dress, late blight control and haulm killing. They use one of two types of spatial data: soil maps or biomass index maps. Data on costs and savings of the VRAs showed that the investments in VRAs will pay off under practical conditions in The Netherlands. Savings on pesticide use and N-fertilizer use with the VRAs were on average about 25%, which benefits the environment too. We foresee a slow but gradual adoption of VRAs in potato production. More VRAs will become available given ongoing R&D. The perspectives of VRAs in potatoes are discussed.     

棉花体细胞无性系变异的研究进展

体细胞无性系变异是一种重要的细胞工程育种技术,其应用于棉花育种的前提是建立高效的组织培养诱导再生植株体系.本文简要综述了棉花离体诱导植株再生研究的现状,重点讨论了棉花体细胞无性系变异的表现、利用方法及机理,提出了当前研究存在的问题并对今后的研究进行了展望.     

我国高粱育种研究进展

对我国高粱育种的主要途径和研究方向进行了概述,针对目前高粱产量徘徊现象,提出了高粱超高产育种设想,并对其技术路线进行了探讨。