Identification and expression profile of multiple genes in Nile tilapia in response to formalin killed Streptococcus iniae vaccination

Twenty-eight expressed sequence tags (ESTs) were isolated from a Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) vaccinated vs non-vaccinated subtractive library at 12-h post injection of a formalin killed Streptococcus iniae ARS-98-60 vaccine. The 28 ESTs were classified in terms of their putative functions. Half of the ESTs identified were unknown proteins. Of the remaining half ESTs, 17% have putative functions in protein biosynthesis and 11% have putative functions in immunity, energy production, and signal transduction, respectively. Immunity-related ESTs identified included high density lipoprotein-binding protein vigilin, immunoglobulin heavy chain, and QM-like protein. Quantitative PCR revealed that one EST (cytochrome c oxidase subunit II) was highly upregulated (1825 ± 336 fold) in vaccinated fish compared to that in non-vaccinated fish. Of the remaining 27 ESTs, nine were significantly (P<0.05) upregulated (<20 fold) in vaccinated fish. The nine significantly upregulated genes included five unknown or hypothetical proteins and four known proteins (high density lipoprotein-binding protein vigilin, QM-like protein, ribosomal protein S13, and ribosomal protein L5). The upregulation of these genes induced by killed S. iniae vaccines suggest that they might play important role in Nile tilapia defense against S. iniae infection.     

Identification and expression profiles of multiple genes in Nile tilapia in response to bacterial infections

To understand the molecular mechanisms involved in response of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) to bacterial infection, suppression subtractive cDNA hybridization technique was used to identify upregulated genes in the posterior kidney of Nile tilapia at 6h post infection with Aeromonas hydrophila. A total of 31 unique expressed sequence tags (ESTs) were identified from 192 clones of the subtractive cDNA library. Quantitative PCR revealed that nine of the 31 ESTs were significantly (p<0.05) upregulated in Nile tilapia at 6h post infection with A. hydrophila at an injection dose of 10(5)CFU per fish (≈ 20% mortality). Of the nine upregulated genes, four were also significantly (p<0.05) induced in Nile tilapia at 6h post infection with A. hydrophila at an injection dose of 10(6)CFU per fish (≈ 60% mortality). Of the four genes induced by A. hydrophila at both injection doses, three were also significantly (p<0.05) upregulated in Nile tilapia at 6h post infection with Streptococcus iniae at doses of 10(6) and at 10(5)CFU per fish (≈ 70% and ≈ 30% mortality, respectively). The three genes induced by both bacteria included EST 2A05 (similar to adenylate kinase domain containing protein 1), EST 2G11 (unknown protein, shared similarity with Salmo salar IgH locus B genomic sequence with e value of 0.02), and EST 2H04 (unknown protein). Significant upregulation of these genes in Nile tilapia following bacterial infections suggested that they might play important roles in host response to infections of A. hydrophila and S. iniae.     

Protectivity conferred by immunization with intranasal recombinant outer membrane protein H from Pasteurella multocida serovar A:1 in chickens

Recombinant outer membrane protein H (rOmpH) is a potential fowl cholera vaccine candidate. The present study was aimed at developing rOmpH formulations for intranasal administration. The rOmpH was purified and formulated with either Escherichia coli enterotoxin B (LTB) or CpG oligodeoxynucleotides (ODN) as an adjuvant. Antibody responses in chickens intranasally immunized with rOmpH in combination with 2 different adjuvants were significantly increased (P<0.05) post immunization. Chicken survival rates showed that rOmpH formulated with ODN and LTB elicited 90% and 70% protection, respectively. Our findings indicated that rOmpH formulated with ODN elicited protection better than that formulated with LTB. Therefore, the vaccines formulations in the present study can be considered new intranasal vaccine formulations for fowl cholera in chickens.     

猪蛔虫感染期幼虫抑制消减cDNA文库的构建

为筛选与线虫感染性相关的基因,本研究以猪蛔虫为对象,构建猪蛔虫感染期幼虫差异表达消减cDNA文库,为研究线虫期特异性发育的分子机制奠定基础。分别提取感染期幼虫和其它各期幼虫及成虫的总RNA,纯化mRNA后,采用Clontech公司PCR-selectTM试剂盒进行反转录合成cDNA并进行抑制消减杂交(SSH),构建猪蛔虫感染期幼虫差异表达的消减cDNA文库,并采用Southern斑点杂交进行消减效率的检测。随机从文库中抽取45个克隆进行测序及在线BLAST分析。试验结果表明,感染期幼虫差异表达的消减cDNA文库具有较强的特异性;在得到的41个表达序列标签(ESTs)中,有40个ESTs与已报道的基因有较高的相似性,主要代表猪蛔虫第三期幼虫基因和成虫头部基因,有1个cDNA片段可能代表新基因。猪蛔虫感染期幼虫差异表达消减cDNA文库的成功构建,为进一步研究幼虫发育差异表达基因的功能奠定了基础。     

饲料中添加三聚氰胺对吉富罗非鱼生长、免疫指标及肌肉残留量的影响

将三聚氰胺分别按0、500、2 0005、000、10 000 mg/kg的比例添加于基础饲料中,喂养初始体重为(30.14±0.22)g的吉富罗非鱼28 d。通过测定罗非鱼的增重率、血清免疫指标和三聚氰胺在肌肉中残留量等指标,研究三聚氰胺对罗非鱼生长、免疫功能及肌肉残留量的影响。结果显示:饲料中添加不同剂量的三聚氰胺会降低吉富罗非鱼的增重率,在第21 d和第28 d,10 000 mg/kg组吉富罗非鱼的增重率显著低于同期对照组(P<0.05);三聚氰胺对吉富罗非鱼血清中的LZM活力、SOD活力无显著影响(P>0.05),但对AKP活力有影响,三聚氰胺对吉富罗非鱼血清中的AKP活力的影响呈先升高后降低趋势,第7 d和14 d各试验组较对照组有所提高,但影响不显著(P<0.05);在第21 d和第28 d,所有试验组吉富罗非鱼的AKP活性低于同期对照组,5 000 mg/kg和10 000 mg/kg显著低于同期对照组(P<0.05)。从第7 d开始,4个试验组吉富罗非鱼肌肉中均能检测到三聚氰胺残留,三聚氰胺在吉富罗非鱼肌肉中的残留量与三聚氰胺在饲料中的添加剂量成正相关关系。     

雏鸭肝炎病毒侵染下肝脏消减cDNA文库的构建及差异基因筛选

本研究通过构建雏鸭肝脏消减cDNA文库,旨在筛选并鉴定与雏鸭病毒性肝炎相关的基因,对相关基因进行功能聚类分析进而探究其作用机理。利用抑制性消减杂交(Suppression subtraction hybridization,SSH)技术构建3日龄健康全同胞金定鸭人工感染雏鸭肝炎病毒(Duck hepatitis virus,DHV)与同期注射等量生理盐水差异表达基因的SSH-cDNA文库。对其中563个阳性克隆进行测序,共获得299条差异表达序列标签(Expres sedsequence tags,ESTs)。去除冗余的cDNA序列载体并聚类拼接后,进行核酸和蛋白质同源性的比较和功能聚类分析。结果表明:有70个不同的基因与ESTs具有高度的同源性(E值150bp,匹配度>80%),且多数基因与细胞组分合成、信号转导以及病理状态下的生物学调控过程相关。I型雏鸭病毒性肝炎的发生和发展是多基因多步骤的复杂过程,该结果为深入研究雏鸭肝炎病的分子调控机制提供基础。     

桑树幼叶cDNA文库的构建及部分表达序列标签分析

基于为鉴定和克隆桑树功能基因提供基础信息的目的,采用RNA转录5′末端转换(SMART)法构建了桑树幼叶全长cDNA文库。该文库容量为1.02×106pfu/mL,重组率95%,符合构建基因文库的质量要求。从构建的桑树幼叶cDNA文库中随机挑取48个克隆进行表达序列标签(EST)测序,有效序列为32条,经UniGene数据库归并后为32条,UniGene比率为100%;与NCBI核酸数据库进行比对、查询和注释,在32条序列中有29条序列具有同源性,其中16条为全长序列,完整性比率为55.2%;初步发现具有已知功能基因的ESTs 6个,具有推测功能基因的ESTs 5个,未命名或未知功能基因的ESTs 21个。     

Production of Oocytes of Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) for In Vitro Fertilization via Hormonal Treatments

Only a few studies have described hormonal treatments for induction of synchronicity and gamete collection in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus), both important for assortative matings in breeding programmes and essential for polyploidy technologies. In this study, we compared the effectiveness of carp pituitary extract (CPE), Nile tilapia pituitary extract (TPE), human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) and gonadotropin‐releasing hormone (GnRH) protocols on the induction of spawning and egg production in Nile tilapia. Among the hormonal treatments analysed, only hCG was effective for producing viable gametes for in vitro fertilization. To verify the viability of this hormonal treatment, hCG was tested using different doses (1000, 2000, 3000, 4000 and 5000 IU/kg) in a large number of females (208 animals) from two Nile tilapia lines. The results indicated that hCG doses between 1000 and 5000 IU/kg could be used to induce final oocyte maturation in Nile tilapia with collection of stripped oocytes. This is the first study to report differential reproductive responses to hormonal treatment between tilapia lines: line 1 was more efficient at producing eggs and post‐hatching larvae after hCG induction than line 2. In conclusion, we demonstrated that the hCG protocol may be applied on a large scale to induce final oocyte maturation in Nile tilapia. The development of a protocol for in vitro fertilization in Nile tilapia may aid in breeding programmes and biotechnological assays for the development of genetically modified lines of Nile tilapia.     

应用cDNA微阵列芯片技术筛选猪蛔虫性别差异表达基因的研究

采用cDNA微阵列芯片技术，从所构建的猪蛔虫雌、雄成虫cDNA消减文库分别挑取1044和1119个克隆，PCR扩增其插入片段，经纯化后点样于预先处理好的基片上（双点杂交），制备成cDNA微阵列芯片。将分别标记荧光素Cy3-dUTP和Cy5-dUTP的雌虫和雄虫cDNA探针，与制备好的cDNA芯片杂交（平行进行反标杂交试验）。根据每个点杂交后的Ratio值，筛选出双点杂交和正反标中都同时具有表达差异的基因克隆共1559个。将表达差异最明显的前831个克隆进行测序，获得720个有效序列，经生物信息学分析发现，雄虫特异表达的主要精于蛋白和雌虫特异表达的卵巢信息蛋白的基因序列多数与新杆属线虫存在同源性，有31个可能是新的ESTs。性别差异表达基因及其相关生物信息的获得为下一步研究基因功能奠定了基础。     

胰岛素受体-1在尼罗罗非鱼不同组织中的表达及其对注射葡萄糖的响应

本试验旨在研究胰岛素受体-1(IR-1)在尼罗罗非鱼不同组织中的表达及其对注射葡萄糖的响应。利用PCR扩增的方法从尼罗罗非鱼肌肉中克隆IR-1的c DNA片段,并通过半定量PCR检测,比较IR-1在肌肉、肝脏和心脏中的表达差异。选取体重约为100 g的尼罗罗非鱼160尾,随机分2组,每组4个重复,每个重复20尾。试验组腹腔注射葡萄糖(每100 g体重30 mg),对照组以相同剂量腹腔注射0.7%的无菌生理盐水。在注射前(0 h)和注射后的1、3、6和12 h分别进行采样,测定血浆葡萄糖和胰岛素含量,并通过实时荧光定量PCR检测IR-1在肌肉、心脏和肝脏中的mRNA相对表达量。结果显示:1)克隆出的IR-1 c DNA片段,其Gen Bank登陆号为JN967750,大小为1 979 bp,编码548个氨基酸。序列分析发现,尼罗罗非鱼的IR-1与其他物种比较具有很高的保守性,并具有丰富的酪氨酸激酶特征性序列。2)IR-1在尼罗罗非鱼肌肉、心脏和肝脏中均有较高的表达量,其中在肝脏和肌肉中的表达量基本一致,而在心脏中的表达量相对较低。3)试验组血浆葡萄糖含量在注射葡萄糖1 h后达到最高,并显著高于对照组(P0.05),而后开始下降,3 h后恢复到正常水平;试验组血浆胰岛素含量在葡萄糖注射3 h后达到最高,并显著高于对照组(P0.05),而后开始下降,12 h后恢复到正常水平。试验组肌肉和肝脏中IR-1 mRNA的相对表达量在注射葡萄糖后6 h时达到最高,显著高于对照组(P0.05),在12 h时恢复到正常水平;试验组心脏中IR-1 mRNA的相对表达量在注射葡萄糖后的12 h内没有发生显著变化(P0.05)。结果表明,注射葡萄糖后即刻升高了尼罗罗非鱼的血浆葡萄糖含量,相对于血浆葡萄糖含量的升高,血浆胰岛素含量的升高相对延迟,而肌肉和肝脏中IR-1 mRNA相对表达量的提高又延迟于血浆胰岛素含量的升高,从而加重了尼罗罗非鱼对葡萄糖的代谢负担。     

家蚕HSP70基因的电子克隆与序列分析

热休克蛋白70(HSP70)广泛分布于生物体中,在蛋白转运、耐热性、细胞保护等方面起着重要作用.本研究以黑腹果蝇的一个HSP70氨基酸序列与家蚕基因组预测的基因库进行tBlastn检索,共获得了多个可能的家蚕HSP70基因,我们对编号为BGIBMGA002381进行了电子克隆.BGIBMGA002381基因的编码区序列...     

高温胁迫下紫花苜蓿抑制消减文库的构建

为分离和获得紫花苜蓿高温胁迫诱导相关基因片段的EST序列.以秋眠6级的紫花苜蓿品种(ABI 700)为材料,以45℃高温胁迫下的紫花苜蓿幼嫩茎叶cDNA为试验方(tester),以正常生长(22℃)的紫花苜蓿幼嫩茎叶cDNA为驱动方(driver),利用抑制性消减杂交技术(suppression subtractive...     

猪蛔虫性别特异基因在第三、四期幼虫的表达谱研究

为研究猪蛔虫性别特异基因在第三期、第四期幼虫的表达情况，本研究采用表达谱基因芯片技术，从所构建的猪蛔虫雌、雄成虫cDNA消减文库中分别挑取克隆，制备成cDNA微阵列芯片、标记有荧光素Cy5-dUTP和Cy3-dUTP的各组探针（L3＋♀；L3＋♂；L4＋♀；L4＋♂）分别与制备好的芯片进行杂交、扫描，原始信号值经均一化处理后，获取每个点的Ratio值（Ratio=Cy5／Cy3）．根据该值筛选出表达差异最明显的841个克隆，进行测序分析，在获得的707个有效序列中有61个是猪蛔虫新的ESTs、将在第三、四期幼虫以及成虫中显著表达的克隆进行排列组合比较，获得各期特有和各期之间共有的表达克隆一在第三期幼虫中，雌、雄性别特异基因分别有21和9个，编码的主要蛋白有卵黄原前导蛋白、睾丸幼胚蛋白等；在第四期幼虫中特异表达的雌、雄性别基因分别有22和6个，其中免疫抑制卵巢信息蛋白、主要精子纤维蛋白（MFP）等表达明显本项研究结果不仅初步阐明了猪蛔虫性别特异基因在第三、四期幼虫的表达情况，而且亦为筛选控制猪蛔虫病的“关键”基因并阐明其功能奠定了基础。     

Subcutaneous, but not intratracheal administration of the TLR9 agonist, CpG DNA transiently reduces parainfluenza-3 virus shedding in newborn lambs

Synthetic oligodeoxynucleotides (ODN) containing CpG motifs signal through TLR9 and activate innate immunity resulting in protection against a variety of parasitic, bacterial and viral pathogens in mouse models. However, few studies have demonstrated protection in humans and large animals. In the present investigations, we evaluated protection by CpG ODN in a parainfluenza-3 (PI-3) virus infection in neonatal lambs. Subcutaneous (SC) injection of CpG ODN induced high levels of 2′5′-A synthetase and significantly reduced PI-3 virus shedding in newborn lambs. Furthermore, pre-treatment of newborn lambs with SC CpG ODN 2 days, but not 6 days prior to the virus challenge was protective. In contrast, intratracheal (IT) administration of CpG ODN induced 2′5′-A synthetase but had no significant impact on PI-3 virus shedding in nasal secretions. We conclude that a systemic administration of CpG ODN and the timing of the treatment are critical for the protection of neonatal lambs against a respiratory viral infection.     

柔嫩艾美耳球虫抗药性相关基因M20的克隆与表达

利用前期构建的柔嫩艾美耳球虫（Eimeria tenella）地克珠利抗药株和马杜拉霉素抗药株与各自母株之间的抑制性消减文库而获得的ESTs序列,选择其中一个差异表达的EST序列（克隆号为M20）,采用RACE技术,以柔嫩艾美耳球虫敏感株孢子化卵囊cDNA为模板,扩增获得了该基因的全长cDNA序列,命名为M20,该基因全长847 bp,包括一个525 bp的开放阅读框,编码174个氨基酸,预测理论分子量约为19 ku。实时荧光定量PCR结果显示,该基因在敏感株中表达量高于地克珠利抗药株和马杜拉霉素抗药株;在不同发育阶段中,未孢子化卵囊表达量高于孢子化卵囊、子孢子以及裂殖子阶段虫体。将该基因克隆于原核表达质粒pET28b中,构建重组质粒pET28b-M20,转化大肠杆菌BL21（DE3）后,经IPTG诱导表达获得了重组蛋白,分子量约约为23 ku,该蛋白以包涵体形式存在,在IPTG诱导8 h后表达稳定,Western blot检测表明,其具有较好的免疫原性。     

家蚕微孢子虫cDNA文库的构建及部分EST同源性分析

以成熟的家蚕微孢子虫 (Nosemabombycis,N .b)为实验材料 ,以λTriplEx2为载体 ,构建了滴度为 1 86× 10 6pfu/mL ,插入片段平均在 5 0 0bp以上的较高质量的家蚕微孢子虫cDNA文库。从cDNA文库中随机挑取 180个克隆进行EST测序 ,得到了 130个有效序列。经BLASTn、BLASTx同源性分析后发现 ,7个ESTs编码基因在氨基酸水平上与脑孢虫有较高的同源性 ,推定为家蚕微孢子虫基因 (putativegene) ,同时获得了 2 7个未知序列。     

Formulation with CpG ODN enhances antibody responses to an equine influenza virus vaccine

Previous studies have shown that protection against equine influenza virus (EIV) is partially mediated by virus-specific IgGa and IgGb. In this study we tested whether addition of a CpG ODN formulation to a commercial killed virus vaccine would enhance EIV-specific IgGa and IgGb antibody responses, and improve protection against an experimental EIV challenge. Thirty na?ve horses were assigned to one of three groups and vaccinated as follows: 10 were given vaccine (Encevac TC4, Intervet Inc.) alone, 10 were given vaccine plus 0.25 mg CpG ODN 2007 formulated with 30% Emulsigen (CpG/Em), and 10 controls were given saline. All horses were challenged with live virus 12 weeks after the final vaccination. Antibody responses were tested by single radial hemolysis (SRH) and ELISA, and protection was evaluated by determination of temperature, coughing, and clinical scores. Killed virus vaccine combined with CpG/Em induced significantly greater serologic responses than did the vaccine alone. All antibody isotypes tested increased after the addition of CpG/Em, although no shift in relative antibody isotypes concentrations was detected. Vaccination significantly improved protection against challenge but the differences between the two vaccine groups were not statistically significant. This study is the first demonstration that CpG/Em enhances antigen-specific antibody responses in horses and supports its potential to be used as an adjuvant for vaccines against equine infections.