5%唑啉草酯EC防除大麦田中禾本科杂草药效研究

5%唑啉草酯EC是目前防除大麦田中禾本科杂草十分优秀的茎叶除草剂,冬前制剂用1 200 g/hm2,施药后30 d它对禾本科杂草的株防效可达72.99%,药后120 d它对禾本科杂草的株防效可达91.92%,鲜重防效可达94.89%,明显高于同期用50%异丙隆制剂1 875 g/hm2的株防效和鲜重防效;春季制剂用5%唑啉草酯EC 1 500 g/hm2,施药后30 d它对禾本科杂草的株防效可达82.18%,药后60 d它对禾本科杂草的株防效可达96.26%,鲜重防效可达97.61%,同样明显高于同期用50%异丙隆3 750g/hm2的制剂株防效和鲜重防效.     

二甲四氯钠与烯草酮混用对亚麻田杂草的防除效果

在新疆伊犁进行了二甲四氯钠与烯草酮混用防除亚麻田一年生阔叶杂草和禾本科杂草的田间试验,结果表明:药后30 d,二甲四氯钠与烯草酮混用对亚麻田杂草的株防效和鲜重防效均在88%以上,明显高于二者单用时的防效,且持效期长,一次施药能控制亚麻田生育期大多数杂草,对亚麻安全,两者混用是有效控制亚麻田杂草的理想措施。     

60%新马歇特EC防除旱直播稻田杂草药效研究

试验研究结果表明:60%新马歇特EC是当前防除盐城市旱直播稻田中禾本科杂草、阔叶杂草较为理想的除草剂,用60%新马歇特EC 1 800 ml/hm2+10%苄嘧磺隆WP 450 g/hm2施药后30 d,它对旱直播稻田中禾本科杂草、阔叶杂草防效分别为95.71%、98.03%;用60%新马歇特EC 1 800 ml/hm2+10%吡嘧磺隆WP 300 g/hm2施药后30 d,它对旱直播稻田中禾本科杂草、阔叶杂草防效分别为98.30%、98.69%。     

35%丁噁乳油防除夏花生田间杂草效果研究

为明确35%丁噁乳油对夏花生田杂草的防除效果及对花生的安全性和增产效应,采用土壤封闭喷雾法进行了田间试验研究。结果表明,35%丁噁乳油850.0~1312.5g.a.i/hm2对花生田牛筋草、马唐草、稗草、狗尾草等一年生禾本科杂草及阔叶草苋、马齿苋有较好的防除效果。药后40d,总株防效为85.34%~93.51%,鲜重防效为95.93%~97.76%;对花生安全性较好,增产率为2.53%。     

乐田特(Radiant-S)防除春大豆田杂草效果评价

田间小区试验结果表明，在春大豆苗2片复叶期，禾本科杂草3-5叶期，阔叶杂草株高5-7cm时施药，6.5%乐田特乳油对大豆田的捭草，藜，本氏蓼，反枝苋，龙葵，香薷，卷茎蓼等一年生禾本科杂草和阔叶杂草有良好防效，虽然对大豆叶片可造成接触性药害斑，但在1周后即可恢复正常，不影响大豆后期生长发育和开花结实，对大豆安全，适宜用药量为6.5%乐田特乳油1650-1800ml/hm^2。     

10.8%高效氟吡甲禾灵乳油对大豆田一年生禾本科杂草的防治效果

通过不同用量的10.8%高效氟吡甲禾灵乳油对大豆田一年生禾本科杂草的防除效果及对大豆生长的安全性进行试验。结果表明,在大豆真叶期,一年生禾本科杂草3~5叶期,喷施10.8%高效氟吡甲禾灵乳油30~50 mL/667m2,对稗草、狗尾草防效显著,总防效在95%以上,且对大豆安全。     

66%乙·嗪·滴丁酯微乳剂防除春大豆田杂草安全性及药效试验

66%乙·嗪·滴丁酯微乳剂是三元复配混剂,在春大豆田播后苗前进行土壤均匀喷雾,对大豆出苗及生长安全,药后40d对一年生禾本科及阔叶杂草的株防效均大于90%,鲜重防效均大于95%,并且持效期长达45d以上。     

防除马铃薯田阔叶杂草除草剂的筛选及对马铃薯安全性

为了筛选出对马铃薯田阔叶杂草防效较高的药剂,选择7种目前常用的除草剂进行大田试验。试验结果表明,播后苗前土壤处理除草剂50%乙草胺EC、33%二甲戊灵EC、50%利谷隆WP和33%二甲戊灵EC+50%乙草胺EC,在3.75 L/hm2、4.5 L/hm2、4.5 kg/hm2和2.25 L/hm2+1.875 L/hm2剂量下,对马铃薯安全,且对阔叶杂草具有一定的防除效果,其中50%利谷隆WP具有显著防效,药后60 d对阔叶杂草的株防效和鲜重防效分别达到96.70%和98.34%;苗期茎叶处理除草剂56%2甲4氯钠盐WP、70%嗪草酮WP以及二者的配比混剂组合70%嗪草酮WP+56%2甲4氯钠盐WP,在1.8 kg/hm2、1.2 kg/hm2、0.45 kg/hm2+1.35 kg/hm2、1.05 kg/hm2+0.75 kg/hm2剂量下,对马铃薯安全,且对阔叶杂草具有较高防效,药后45 d株防效在71.21%~100.00%,鲜重防效在81.52%~100.00%。     

拜田净防治稻田杂草试验效果

为明确拜田净对水田杂草的防治效果,在田间采用大区对比法进行药效试验。结果表明,拜田净50%可湿性粉剂300g/hm2+草克星10%可湿性粉剂225g/hm2,在水稻移栽田一次性施用,对禾本科杂草防效100%,对阔叶杂草防效93%,对水稻不但安全,而且使水稻分蘖多、无效分蘖少、生长快,增产显著。比禾大壮+草克星或丁草胺+草克星效果好。     

40%扑草净·乙草胺悬浮剂防除大豆田杂草试验

为了明确不同用量的浙江长兴第一化工有限公司生产的40%扑草净.乙草胺悬浮剂对大豆田杂草的防除效果及对大豆的安全性,进行了试验。结果表明:试验药剂对大豆生长安全,不会产生药害;对大豆田一年生禾本科和阔叶杂草的防除效果较好,施药40天后处理2、3总株防效和总鲜重防效都在90%以上,建议生产上用量以200～300毫升/亩(有效成分用量1200～1800克/公顷)为宜,在大豆播后苗前土表均匀喷雾,喷液量为30公斤/亩。     

Factors in the Reduction in Grain Number in Winter Wheat by Early-Sowing in Yamaguchi

Abstract

Grain number per spike of wheat is lower in early sowing than in the conventional standard cultivation in Yamaguchi, Prefecture, Japan. Components of the grain number per spike in five cultivars were analyzed with respect to temperature during the spike development period throughout three growing seasons 2001/2002, 2002/2003 and 2003/2004 to find the cause of the problem of early sowing cultivation. The plants sown in early-October and late-November were called the early sown group and the standard group, respectively, in the following. Three of the five cultivars, Hokushin, Akitakko and Nanbukomugi, showed a strong winter habit, which requires very cold temperatures for spike differentiation. The other two cultivars, Iwainodaichi and Airakomugi, had a moderate winter habit. Grain number per spike and grain yield were decreased by early-sowing (compare with the standard group) in almost all cultivars throughout the three growing seasons. The three cultivars which had a strong winter habit had fewer spikelets per spike in the early-sown group than in the standard group. The other two cultivars which had a moderate winter habit had fewer grains per spikelet in the early-sown group. The higher the temperature during the spikelet formation phase, which is from flag leaf initiation to terminal spikelet initiation, the higher the number of spikelets per spike in the standard group. The spikelet number per spike in the early-sown group increased with the increase in productive tillers under fertile conditions. Such conditions also increased the grain number per spike.     

Allelopathy in Agroecosystems in Spain

Summary

This paper reviews the effects of allelopathic interactions in agroecosystems in Spain on plant physiological activity and their ecological advantages. The phenological stage of growth of donor plants and the effective allelochemicals in the soil solution while studying the role of phenolic compounds were highlighting. Finally possible future prospects and conclusions regarding weed control by allelochemi-cals under integrated crop management strategies are discussed.     

2009年中国稻米市场分析及2010年展望

以翔实的资料对2009年中国稻米生产、消费、进出口、供求平衡、库存、价格走势、购销政策和国际稻米供求等情况进行了全面地分析,对影响2010年稻米市场价格走势的各种因素进行了深入研究,并在此基础上对2010年我国稻米市场价格走势进行了预测,结论是我国稻米价格仍呈上行趋势。     

Diurnal changes in net photosynthetic rate in potato in two environments

Summary Diurnal changes in net photosynthetic rate were measured in a furrow-irrigated potato crop and in a riverbed crop where the water table was always maintained at 20–28 cm from the soil surface. In the irrigated crop, the photosynthetic rate during mid-afternoon was about half the peak rate observed at noon. This reduction was accompanied by a near tripling of stomatal resistance, a 45% reduction in transpiration, and a 5-fold increase in the difference between leaf and air temperatures. No such changes were observed in the riverbed crop where the photosynthetic rate remained nearly constant at about 0.9 mg m⁻² s⁻¹ between 9 a.m. and 4 p.m. Tuber yield in the riverbed crop was about 30% higher than in the irrigated crop.     

我国干热区甘蔗抗旱植蔗主要问题研讨

我国干热蔗区是我国甘蔗糖业的重要生产基地,蔗区光热资源丰富,唯降水分布不均成为植蔗生产的主要限制因子;根据蔗区植蔗特点和甘蔗需水规律,苗期抗旱是干热蔗区抗旱植蔗的关键,保证较多的总苗数和足够的生长量是苗期抗旱植蔗需解决的关键技术难题,制定相应的苗期抗旱植蔗栽培技术措施是解决该难题的重要保障;该观点为我国干热蔗区植蔗生产、甘蔗引育种提供理论和技术支持。     

Advances in Variable Rate Technology Application in Potato in The Netherlands

Precision agriculture is a farming management concept based on observing, measuring and responding to inter- and intra-field variability in crops. In this paper, we focus on responding to intra-field variability in potato crops and analyse variable rate applications (VRAs). We made an overview of potential VRAs in potato crop management in The Netherlands. We identified 13 potential VRAs in potato, ranging from soil tillage to planting to crop care to selective harvest. We ranked them on availability of ‘proof of concept’ and on-farm test results. For five VRAs, we found test results allowing to make a cost-benefit assessment. These five VRAs were as follows: planting, soil herbicide weed control, N side dress, late blight control and haulm killing. They use one of two types of spatial data: soil maps or biomass index maps. Data on costs and savings of the VRAs showed that the investments in VRAs will pay off under practical conditions in The Netherlands. Savings on pesticide use and N-fertilizer use with the VRAs were on average about 25%, which benefits the environment too. We foresee a slow but gradual adoption of VRAs in potato production. More VRAs will become available given ongoing R&D. The perspectives of VRAs in potatoes are discussed.     

棉花体细胞无性系变异的研究进展

体细胞无性系变异是一种重要的细胞工程育种技术,其应用于棉花育种的前提是建立高效的组织培养诱导再生植株体系.本文简要综述了棉花离体诱导植株再生研究的现状,重点讨论了棉花体细胞无性系变异的表现、利用方法及机理,提出了当前研究存在的问题并对今后的研究进行了展望.     

我国高粱育种研究进展

对我国高粱育种的主要途径和研究方向进行了概述,针对目前高粱产量徘徊现象,提出了高粱超高产育种设想,并对其技术路线进行了探讨。