The technology and mechanism of removal of plastic mulch and land preparation

In this article,the characteristic of the field plastic mulch, the craft for mechanization removal and land preparation of plastic mulch and the mechanism frequently used in the removal and land preparation of plastic mulch were introduced, which offered references for the design of removal mechanism and land preparation of plastic mulch and structural optimization combination of working components.     

Studies on Amylase and Degradation of Starch and Pigment of Tobacco Leaf During Process of Flue-Curing

The changes in the activity of amylase and amylase-isoenzyme and the degradation of starch and pigment of tobacco leaf during flue-curing were studied by using the electricheated flue-curing barn designed and made by the Henan Agricultural University. The temperature and humidity of the barn were controlled automatically. The results indicated that starch in tobacco leaf decreased rapidly and leveled off after 48h of cutting, in the meantime, the content of soluble sugar increased accordingly and reached a peak at the stage of color-fixing. Both of them had a rapid-changing stage in the first 36 hours of yellowing. The changes of starch and soluble sugar contents had highly significant negative-correlation at 1% level (rNC89=-0.8962**, rYY85=-0.9704**). The activity of amylase increased with the proceeding of curing and reached a peak after 36 hours of curing, then decreased. But the activity of amylase kept at a high level when the humidity of curing-environment was very low, even if the tobacco leaf had been dried. The rapid degradation of starch showed a significantly negative correlation with the increase of activity of amylase at 5 % level (rNC89=-0.8495*, rYY8*=-0.7839*). The degradation of starch and pigment had the same regulation and had highly significant correlation at 1% level (rNC89=0.9649**, rYY85=0.9428**). There were mainly three amylase-isoenzyme bands -A, B, C respectively, in tobacco leaf during flue curing. They were identified as α-AMY, -AMY, R-AMY, and the activity of β-AMY was the highest. The changes in amylase activity and contents of starch and pigment were affected by the tobacco leaf moisture and environmental humidity during curing.     

Preparation and Testing of Cementing and Coating Nano-Subnanocomposites of Slow/Controlled-Release Fertilizer

To select the cementing and coating materials of slow/controlled-release fertilizer, the natural kaoline and abandoned foam plastics were used to prepare nano-subnanocomposites through the methods of organic material intercalation, semiemulsification, and cut at high velocity techniques. Besides, two kinds of nano-subnanocomposites were tested in this study using several instruments, including the scanning electron microscope （SEM）, the X-ray diffraction （XRD）, the infrared ray spectrum （IR）, and the laser granularity. The main results were as follows： 1） The organic material was intercalated in the layers of kaoline clays, and the natural kaoline exfoliated into nanometer-sized layers. The organic agent and clays formed nanocomposites through hydrogen bond combination. 2） The SEM pictures of polystyrenestarch nano-subnanocomposites showed that many pores and rugas were present on the surface of film at sizes ranging from 10 to 20 nm. These nano-subnanocomposites were used as the cementing and coating materials of slow/controlledrelease fertilizer.     

Present Situation and Prospect of Professional Grading and Loose-leaf Purchasing of Flue-cured Tobacco

针对目前我国烤烟专业化分级散叶收购的普遍实施。探讨了烤烟专分散收的优势，总结分析了专分散收过程中存在的问题，并针对这些问题提出了建议。以期为今后散叶收购工作的进一步推广提供实践经验。     

Detection and Comparison of Pathogen of Virus Disease in Pumpkin by RT-PCR and IC-PCR

Pumpkin is a kind of crop which is often infected by viruses, in the past biology, serum and nucleic acid hybridization methods were mainly used on the study of pumpkin virus disease in China[1-2]. A lot of new PCR technologies have developed on base of P…     

Studies on Preparation and Characteristics of Monoclonal AntibodiesAgainst Enrofloxacin and Cross-Reactivity of Related Fluoroquinolones

An ester activation method was employed to couple enrofloxacin(ENFX) to the carrierproteins BSA and OVA. The conjugates ENFX-BSA and ENFX-OVA were identified with an UVspectrophotometer and amino acid automation analysis instrument, and resulted in conjugateswith 48 ENFX molecules per carrier molecule(BSA). Splenocytes from mice immunized withENFX-BSA were fused with SP2/0 myeloma cells and hybridomas secreting antibodies againstenrofloxacin were selected and cloned. Two stable monoclonal antibodies, 2C5, 5D5 of thesubclass IgG2a, were isolated. Using antibody 5D5, an indirect competitive inhibitionenzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (Ci-ELISA) was developed for the quantitative detectionof enrofloxacin and its metabolites. The IC50 of the standard curve was 21.67 ng mL^(-1) andthe limit of detection for enrofloxacin was 0.13 ng mL^(-1). This method was sensitive and hada linear range from 0.13 to I0 000ngmL^(-1) (r=-0.9782). Monoclonal antibody 5D5 exhibitedhigh relative affinity to enrofloxacin, and the cross-reactivities with ciprofloxacin,marbofloxacin, sarafloxacin and danorfloxacin were 110.8, 27.40, 71.05 and 37.41%,respectively. Three non-fluoroquinolones of cefadroxil, chloramphenicol, sulfadimethoxinewere tested and there was no cross-reaction between them.     

Detection of Beta-Lactamase and Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase of Pathogens Isolated from Pig and Chicken and Their Antibiotic Susceptibility Test

The antibacterial activity of beta-lactam antibiotics or their combinations with inhibitor sulbactum against non-lactamase- producing strains, lactamase-producing and ESBLs-producing isolates was evaluated with twofold dilution method after pathogens isolated from pigs and chickens were detected, respectively, for beta-lactamase and extended-spectrum beta- lactamases （ESBLs）, The results revealed that most of 43 clinically isolated strains could produce beta-lactamase and 3 strains of shigella isolated from chicken samples produced ESBLs. All of 30 lactamase-producing strains isolated and only one of 16 non-lactamase-producing strains were resistant to amoxicillin and ampicillin. MICs of ampicillin against lactamaseproducing isolates decreased 10-40 and 10-20 times respectively, when it was conbined with sulbactam at ration of 1：2 and 1：4. All clinical isolates were susceptible to third-generation cephalosporins. The MICs of third-generation cephalosporins against lactamase-producing isolates did not change when they were conbined with sulbactam. MICs of ceftiofur and ceftriaxone against ESBLs-producing isolates decreased 2-4 times when they were conbined with sulbactam.     

Isolation and Purification of Bovine Colostrum sIgA and IgG

To further utilize bioactive substance such as bovine colostrum sIgA and IgG,sIgA and IgG were isolated and purified simultaneously by salting out,ultrafiltration and gel chromatography,etc.The analysis of results were showed quantitatively by non-hydrogenized SDS-PAGE,and quanlities of sIgA and IgG were respectively detected by Western Blot.The results showed that the purity and yield of bovine colostrum sIgA were 85.3%and 42.8%,respectively,while the purity and yield of bovine colostrum IgG were respectively 97.2%and 64.4%.This preparative method provides theoretical and experimental foundation for sIgA industrial production.     

Induction and Characterization of Laboratory Mutants of Phytophthora capsici Resistant to Dimethomorph and Flumorph

Laboratory studies were conducted to evaluate the risk of Phytophthora capsici developing resistance to two morphlines, dimethomorph and flumorph. Metalaxyl, the well-known high risk of resistance fungicides, was used as reference fungicide. Resistant mutants for the three fungicides were isolated by treating mycelium with ultraviolet radiation. Metalaxyl-resistant mutants were obtained with high frequency and exhibited high level of resistance with factors more than 100 folds, while mutation frequency for dimethomorph-resistance was relatively low and the resistance factors ranged from 3.0 to 13.9 folds. Most dimethomorph-resistant mutants decreased in hyphal growth rate and the spoulation ability, which have a large impact upon the epidemic development of dimethomorph-resistant populations. These results suggested that the risk of resistant pathogen population was much lower for dimethomorph than for metalaxyl. Both the frequency of developing resistance and level of resistance （resistance factors = 1.8-14.6） to dimethomorph were similar to those of its structure analogue flumorh. Moreover, the cross-resistance were found between them, which suggested the risks of developing resistance to dimethomorph and flumorph in the pathogen were very closely related. As P. capsici can potentially develop resistance to dimethomorph and flumorph, and oomycetes usually have the high risk to develop resistance to fungicides, appropriate management against resistance development should be taken.     

The Effect of Chitosan and Sodium Alginate on the Growth and Photosynthesis of Soybean

1　Introduction　　Sodium alginate and chitosan are the oceanic natural resources and high molecular com-pound which can promote the plant growth,and protect various plants from harmful organ-isms or prevent plant disease caused by harmful organisms( Makuuch,1 998and Hadwiger,etal. 1 983) .The two materials were used as coating materials,plant promoters,foliar sprayingin soil and so on( Mitchell,1 96 2 ;Brown,982 ;Cuero,1 991 ,Osuji,1 992 ) .Because the two ma-terials are degradable in soil …     

Ameliorative Effects of Brassinosteroid on Excess Manganese-Induced Oxidative Stress in Zea mays L. Leaves

Manganese （Mn） is becoming an important factor limiting crop growth and yields especially on acid soils. The present study was designed to explore the hypothesis that brassinosteroid application can enhance the tolerance of maize （Zea mays L.） to Mn stress and if so, whether or not the mechanism underlying involves regulation of antioxidative metabolism in leaves. The effects of 24-epibrassinosteroid （EBR） on the growth, photosynthesis, water status, lipid peroxidation, accumulation of reactive oxygen species, and activities or contents of antioxidant defense system in maize plants under Mn stress were investigated by a pot experiment. At supplemented Mn concentrations of 150-750 mg kg^-1 soil, the growth of plants was inhibited in a concentration-dependent manner. The semi-lethal concentration was 550 mg Mn kgq soil. Foliage application with 0.1 mg L^-1 EBR significantly reduced the decrease in dry mass, chlorophyll content, photosynthetic rate, leaf water content, and water potential of plants grown in the soil spiked with 550 mg kg^-1 Mn. The oxidative stress caused by excess Mn, as reflected by the increase in malondialdehyde （MDA） content and lipoxygenase （LOX, EC 1.13.11.12） activity, accumulation of superoxide radical and H2O2, was greatly decreased by EBR treatment. Further investigations revealed that EBR application enhanced the activities of superoxide dismutase （SOD, EC 1.15.1.1）, peroxidase （POD, EC 1.11.1.7）, catalase （EC 1.11.1.6）, ascorbate peroxidase （APX, EC 1.11. 1.11）, dehydroascorbate reductase （DHAR, EC 1.8.5.1）, and glutathione reductase （GR, EC 1.6.4.2）, and the contents of reduced ascorbate and glutathione, compared with the plants without EBR treatment. It is concluded that the ameliorative effects of EBR on Mn toxicity are due to the upregulation of antioxidative capacity in maize under Mn stress.     

不同土壤水分条件下施用黄腐酸与保水剂对玉米生长、耗水及水分利用效率的影响

为探讨保水剂和黄腐酸在土壤水分保持以及作物耗水的影响效果,2011年在中国农业大学温室进行了玉米盆栽试验,研究两种土壤水分条件下施用保水剂和黄腐酸对玉米的生长、耗水量和水分利用效率的影响。试验设置了2个土壤含水量水平（田间持水量为40%~50%的干旱条件和田间持水量为70%~80%的正常水分条件）、2个保水剂含量水平（分别为0和0.9 g/pot）和。试验用土来自内蒙玉米田间土壤,每个处理重复4次。结果表明：土壤水分状况严重影响玉米的株高、叶面积、穗粒数、干重、产量和收获指数,而保水剂和黄腐酸的施用可以缓解干旱对这些指标引起的不良影响;保水剂的单独施用降低了玉米的蒸腾速率,提高了产量,联合施用黄腐酸后效果更显著。研究结果显示在干旱缺水条件下,折算施用45 kg/hm²保水剂的基础上再施用120 kg/hm²的黄腐酸效果最好,水分利用效率约提高了90%,产量增加了50%。     

Determining the Influence of Water Deficiency on NPK Stress Discrimination in Maize using Spectral and Spatial Information

A necessary pre-requisite for variable rate application of plant nutrients to manage inputs in a site-specific manner is a technique to detect nutrient stresses in plants in real-time. Spectral reflectance of plant canopy may provide a non-destructive and rapid technique to detect nutrient and water stress in plants. In this study, we investigated the effect of water on nutrient stress discrimination (nitrogen, N; phosphorus, P; and potassium, K) based on the visible and near infrared reflectance of maize leaves grown under controlled greenhouse conditions. The analysis of the spectral data indicated that it was challenging to detect the nutrient deficiencies if the plant water status was unknown. However, if a priori knowledge of water stress existed, such as a well-watered situation, the ability to discriminate nutrient stress improved significantly. The analysis of whole plant behaviour (i.e., mean reflectance data from all leaves within a plant) versus leaves located at a specific location within a plant indicated that knowledge of spatial location of leaves within a plant helped to identify N and P stress and NPK as a multi-stress condition more clearly.     

吐丝期干旱对夏玉米叶绿素荧光特性和产量的影响

【目的】探讨吐丝期干旱胁迫造成夏玉米减产的叶绿素荧光生理机制,为夏玉米抗旱栽培提供理论依据。【方法】以夏玉米品种郑单958和先玉335为试验材料,利用具有遮雨棚的抗旱池,设充分灌水［CK,0～20 cm土层含水量为田间最大持水量的（75±5）%］和吐丝期干旱胁迫［0～20 cm土层含水量为田间最大持水量的（45±5）%］2个处理。测定吐丝期（0 d）及吐丝后10、20和40 d穗位叶叶片SPAD值及叶绿素荧光参数,调查成熟后穗部性状及产量。【结果】吐丝期干旱胁迫显著降低了夏玉米吐丝期及吐丝后的叶片SPAD值,以吐丝后20 d降幅最大,分别为15.38%（郑单958）和17.65%（先玉335）。干旱胁迫下,2个夏玉米品种穗位叶光系统Ⅱ（PSⅡ）最大光化学效率（F_v/F_m）和PSⅡ潜在活性（F_v/F_o）均显著下降（P<0.05,下同）,且随着干旱胁迫时间延长而加剧,以吐丝后20 d降幅最大,分别达0.036和0.574（郑单958）、0.039和0.593（先玉335）。同时,干旱胁迫还降低了穗位叶光合性能综合指数（PI_ABS）,影响程度随着干旱胁迫时间的延长而加剧,以吐丝后20 d胁迫强度最大,分别降低12.30%（郑单958）和16.87%（先玉335）。此外,在干旱胁迫结束恢复供水后,干旱胁迫处理吐丝后40 d的叶片叶绿素含量和叶绿素荧光参数仍低于CK,但与CK间差距缩小。干旱胁迫增加了2个夏玉米品种秃尖长,显著降低了穗粒数和千粒重,最终导致郑单958和先玉335分别显著减产10.29%和11.83%。【结论】吐丝期干旱胁迫对夏玉米穗位叶叶绿素造成了不可逆的损伤,导致叶片SPAD值、F_v/F_m、F_v/F_o和PI_ABS显著下降,限制叶片光合作用,造成减产。     

秸秆覆盖对成龄茶园土壤养分的影响

[目的]研究稻草、玉米秸秆和甘蔗渣覆盖对茶园土壤养分的影响,筛选出适宜的覆盖材料,为茶园的可持续发展提供理论依据.[方法]在成龄茶园中,设覆盖厚度相同（8 cm）的稻草、玉米秸秆、甘蔗渣处理和不覆盖处理作对照（CK）,测定不同处理土壤有机质、土壤碱解氮、土壤速效磷、土壤速效钾等含量和土壤含水量、茶鲜叶产量及茶叶理化成分等指标.[结果]覆盖稻草、玉米秸秆和甘蔗渣处理可提高0～60 cm土层土壤有机质、速效磷和速效钾的含量;覆盖稻草和玉米秸秆处理可提高0～40 cm土层土壤碱解氮的含量;覆盖甘蔗渣处理使0～60 cm土层土壤碱解氮含量降低,土壤pH值增高.在夏、秋茶期3个覆盖处理0～60 cm土层的土壤含水量均高于CK;春茶期,3个覆盖处理0～20cm土层的土壤含水量均高于CK,稻草处理的土壤含水量最高.覆盖玉米秸秆和稻草处理的鲜叶产量分别比CK增加13.42％和9.47％,覆盖甘蔗渣的产量较CK降低了5.26％.覆盖3种秸秆处理可使茶叶的茶多酚含量增高,氨基酸含量降低.[结论]稻草和玉米秸秆覆盖可促进茶园土壤养分的供应,提高茶树产量.     

土壤水分时间变异对玉米生长及水分效率的影响

为探究土壤水分时间变异对玉米生长发育和水分利用效率的影响，在盆栽条件下采用负压灌溉（-5、-10、-15 kPa、）和手工浇灌（artificial irrigation，AI）两种方式分别形成稳定性土壤水分和波动性土壤水分，分析了不同处理对玉米拔节期至成熟期的土壤含水量动态变化及其总耗水量、农艺性状、光合作用、干物质量、水分利用效率等指标的影响。结果表明：①玉米拔节期至成熟期，-5、-10、-15 kPa、AI的平均土壤体积含水量分别为53% FC（field capacity，田间持水量）、47% FC、38% FC、78% FC，负压灌溉处理为弱时间变异的稳定性土壤含水量，AI为中等时间变异的波动性土壤含水量。②与时间变异性中等的78% FC相比，时间变异性弱的53% FC和47% FC的株高、茎粗、叶面积较大，更有利于玉米的生长发育；时间变异性弱的53% FC的玉米叶片SPAD值和净光合速率较高，更有利于玉米的光合作用。③相比变异性中等的78% FC，时间变异性弱的53% FC的玉米干物质量、籽粒干重、生物量水分利用效率和产量水分利用效率分别显著提高了39.0%、1066%、28.8%、87.3%。④在稳定的弱时间变异条件下、38% FC~53% FC范围内，玉米的农艺性状、光合作用、水分利用效率等指标均随含水量的增加而提高。综上所述，平均土壤体积含水量为47% FC~78% FC时，弱时间变异性的土壤水分条件更有利于玉米的生长发育和水分利用效率的提高；相同土壤水分时间变异性条件下、38% FC~53% FC范围内，玉米生长发育和水分利用效率等指标均随含水量的增加而提高。     

土壤水分时间变异对玉米生长及水分效率的影响

为探究土壤水分时间变异对玉米生长发育和水分利用效率的影响,在盆栽条件下采用负压灌溉（-5、-10、-15 kPa、）和手工浇灌（artificial irrigation,AI）两种方式分别形成稳定性土壤水分和波动性土壤水分,分析了不同处理对玉米拔节期至成熟期的土壤含水量动态变化及其总耗水量、农艺性状、光合作用、干物质量、水分利用效率等指标的影响。结果表明：①玉米拔节期至成熟期,-5、-10、-15 kPa、AI的平均土壤体积含水量分别为53% FC（field capacity,田间持水量）、47% FC、38% FC、78% FC,负压灌溉处理为弱时间变异的稳定性土壤含水量,AI为中等时间变异的波动性土壤含水量。②与时间变异性中等的78% FC相比,时间变异性弱的53% FC和47% FC的株高、茎粗、叶面积较大,更有利于玉米的生长发育;时间变异性弱的53% FC的玉米叶片SPAD值和净光合速率较高,更有利于玉米的光合作用。③相比变异性中等的78% FC,时间变异性弱的53% FC的玉米干物质量、籽粒干重、生物量水分利用效率和产量水分利用效率分别显著提高了39.0%、1066%、28.8%、87.3%。④在稳定的弱时间变异条件下、38% FC~53% FC范围内,玉米的农艺性状、光合作用、水分利用效率等指标均随含水量的增加而提高。综上所述,平均土壤体积含水量为47% FC~78% FC时,弱时间变异性的土壤水分条件更有利于玉米的生长发育和水分利用效率的提高;相同土壤水分时间变异性条件下、38% FC~53% FC范围内,玉米生长发育和水分利用效率等指标均随含水量的增加而提高。     

土壤剖面基础性质差异对农田水氮过程和作物产量的影响

【目的】华北平原地区是中国最重要的冬小麦和夏玉米生产基地,不同农田土壤基础性质差异是造成该地区农田生产力空间变异的基本原因。通过研究该地区冲积始成土冬小麦-夏玉米轮作农田土壤剖面性质对水氮过程以及作物产量形成的影响,以期为该地区高产农田的水氮利用与管理提供参考。【方法】选取位于山东省泰安市研究区3块具有不同土壤基础性质且产量存在显著性差异的农田,进行3年田间试验,测定土壤剖面的土壤基本性质,具体包括机械组成、饱和导水率、田间持水量、永久萎蔫点、有机碳、全氮;监测土壤剖面0-160 cm的水分和硝态氮的动态变化以及作物生物量、叶面积指数和产量等。运用根区水质模型（RZWQM）对各农田的水氮过程进行模拟计算。【结果】RZWQM模型在整体上可以很好地模拟2009年10月至2012年9月3年不同基础土壤性质农田水分、无机氮、作物产量、地上部生物量和叶面积动态特征,并计算各农田水氮平衡项。各农田土壤基础性质差异对水氮过程及产量形成的影响具体为：高产农田0-160 cm剖面的最大有效贮水量为223 mm,分别高出中产和低产农田28和56 mm,同时30 cm深度以下土层具有相对较低的饱和导水率。该基础性质差异使得高产农田年均水分损失（地表径流+深层渗漏）仅为150.3 mm,分别低于中产和低产农田5.7和26.4 mm,从而使高产农田作物受到相对低的水分胁迫。高产农田土壤表层土壤有机碳含量较中低产田高,而碳氮比则较低,使得高产农田具有更高的净矿化氮量（较中产和低产农田高52.0和82.6 kg·hm^-2）,且较低的氮损失（氨挥发+氮淋洗+反硝化作用）,较中产和低产农田分别少6.9和10.9 kg·hm^-2。高产农田的水分利用效率（WUE）为2.32 kg·m^-3,分别较中产和低产农田高12.1%和6.8%,这是因为高产农田受到较低的氮素胁迫。在本研究区不同土壤基础性质农田的氮素利用效率（NUE）差异不显著。【结论】在华北平原冬小麦-夏玉米轮作区,理想的土体构型能够存储更多的有效水,高土壤有机碳含量和低的碳氮比能矿化出更多的无机氮,保障了充足的水氮供应,减缓作物受到的水氮胁迫,从而获得高产。     

水氮互作对花生根系生长及产量的影响

【目的】明确不同水分处理下氮肥对不同抗旱性品种根系生长及产量的影响,探讨花生根系对水分和氮肥的反应机理,为花生水肥管理提供理论依据。【方法】防雨棚旱池内进行土柱栽培试验,在中度干旱胁迫（W0,45%-50%田间持水量）和充足灌水（W1,70%-75%田间持水量）两个水分处理下设置N0（不施氮）、N1（中氮,90 kg×hm^-2)、N2（高氮,180 kg×hm^-2) 3个施氮水平,研究抗旱型品种花育22号和干旱敏感型品种花育23号2个不同抗旱性花生品种根系生物量、根长、根系表面积、根系伤流量及产量变化。分别采集0-20 cm、20-40 cm和40 cm以下土层根系样品,采用WinRhizo Pro Vision 5.0a分析程序对扫描根系图像进行分析。【结果】不同抗旱性花生品种根系发育在不同水分条件下对施用氮肥的响应不同。对于抗旱型花生品种花育22号,与不施氮肥相比,干旱胁迫处理下施用氮肥降低其总根长、总根系表面积和0-20 cm土层内根长和根系表面积,增加了40 cm以下土层内根系生物量、根长和根系表面积;正常供水处理下施用氮肥处理降低其0-20 cm土层内根系生物量、根长和根系表面积,但增加40 cm以下土层内根系性状。干旱敏感型品种花育23号的根系对水分和氮肥的响应与抗旱型品种花育22号不同：干旱胁迫处理下,施用氮肥增加其总根系生物量和总根长和40 cm以下土层内根系生物量、根长和根系表面积;正常供水处理下,施用氮肥降低其40 cm以下土层内根长和根系表面积。不同抗旱性花生品种根系伤流强度对水氮互作的响应一致,与正常供水处理相比,两品种干旱胁迫下根系伤流强度均降低,干旱敏感型品种花育23号的降低幅度大于抗旱型品种花育22号。施用氮肥增加两品种干旱胁迫处理下的根系伤流强度,提高其干旱胁迫下产量;正常供水处理下中氮处理增加抗旱型品种花育22号的产量,对干旱敏感型品种花育23号的产量无显著影响。两年试验条件下水分和氮肥处理对产量的互作效应均达显著差异水平。相关性分析表明,干旱胁迫处理下40 cm以下土层内根长、根系表面积与产量间的相关性达显著或极显著水平;正常供水处理下20-40 cm土层内根系表面积与产量达显著相关;两种水分条件下根系伤流量均与产量达显著相关水平。【结论】干旱胁迫处理下增施氮肥能提高花生产量,改善花生根系的生长,增加40 cm以下土层内的根系生物量、根长和根系表面积,提高花生根系伤流强度。     

多功能保水剂在新海16号上的施用效果研究

在新疆阿瓦提县进行了正常灌溉和亏缺灌溉条件下保水剂及保水剂与尿素配施在长绒棉新海16号施用效果的田间试验.试验结果表明,随着保水剂使用量的增加棉田0～20 cm土壤含水量也有增大的趋势;保水剂对棉花植株的生长发育具有一定促进作用;使用保水剂对棉花都表现出一定的增产效果,在亏缺灌溉时保水剂的增产效果好于正常灌溉;正常灌溉和亏缺灌溉都以施用保水剂60 mg/hm2产生的经济效益较高,但以亏缺灌溉条件下获得效益更高.