秸秆覆盖对成龄茶园土壤养分的影响

目的]研究稻草、玉米秸秆和甘蔗渣覆盖对茶园土壤养分的影响,筛选出适宜的覆盖材料,为茶园的可持续发展提供理论依据.方法]在成龄茶园中,设覆盖厚度相同（8 cm）的稻草、玉米秸秆、甘蔗渣处理和不覆盖处理作对照（CK）,测定不同处理土壤有机质、土壤碱解氮、土壤速效磷、土壤速效钾等含量和土壤含水量、茶鲜叶产量及茶叶理化成分等指标.结果]覆盖稻草、玉米秸秆和甘蔗渣处理可提高0～60 cm土层土壤有机质、速效磷和速效钾的含量;覆盖稻草和玉米秸秆处理可提高0～40 cm土层土壤碱解氮的含量;覆盖甘蔗渣处理使0～60 cm土层土壤碱解氮含量降低,土壤pH值增高.在夏、秋茶期3个覆盖处理0～60 cm土层的土壤含水量均高于CK;春茶期,3个覆盖处理0～20cm土层的土壤含水量均高于CK,稻草处理的土壤含水量最高.覆盖玉米秸秆和稻草处理的鲜叶产量分别比CK增加13.42％和9.47％,覆盖甘蔗渣的产量较CK降低了5.26％.覆盖3种秸秆处理可使茶叶的茶多酚含量增高,氨基酸含量降低.结论]稻草和玉米秸秆覆盖可促进茶园土壤养分的供应,提高茶树产量.

Effects of straw mulching on soil nutrients in mature tea plantation

Objective ]The effects of straw,corn straw and bagasse on soil nutrient,soil pH value,soil water content, yield and physicochemical compositions of fresh tea leaves were studied to screen out the optimal mulching material and pro- vide theoretical references for the sustainable development of tea plantation. Method ]In mature tea garden ,four treat- ments vie., straw mulching,corn straw mulching,bagasse mulching and blank mulching were carried out, and the thickness of the mulching was the same （8 cm）. The soil organic matter,soil alkali-hydrolysable nitrogen, soil available phosphorus,soil available potassium,soil moisture content,yield of fresh tea leaves and tea physicochemical compositions were determined under different treatments. Result ]Covering straw, corn straw and bagasse could increase the content of available phospho- rus,available potassium and organic matter in 0-60 cm soil layer. Covering straw and corn straw could increase the content of alkali-hydrolysable nitrogen in 0-40 cm soil layer,while covering bagasse could make 0-60 soil alkali-hydrolysable nitrogen content decrease,and soil pH value increase. In summer and autumn,soil moisture content after being covered was higher than that of CK. In spring,soil moisture content being covered with straw was higher than that of CK, too. Compared with the CK, the yield of fresh leaves with application of straw and maize straw went up by 13.42% and 9.47%, but went down by 5.26% in bagasse. With the three kinds of mulching materials, tea polyphenols content increased, while amino acid content decreased.Conclusion]Straw and corn straw mulching improved soil nutrient supply and increased tea yield.