Lactate dehydrogenase variant from human blood: evidence for molecular subunits

A variant of human lactate dehydrogenase is described. The occurrence of lactate dehydrogenase-1, -2, -3, and -4 as five, four, three, and two components, respectively, is interpreted as supporting the hypothesis that LDH isozymes are tetramers formed from various combinations of two types of subunits.     

Horseshoe crab lactate dehydrogenase: tissue distribution and molecular weight

Lactate dehydrogenase from Xiphosura (Limulus) polyphemus i D(-)-lactate specific. It does not use L(+)-lactate, alpha-hydroxybutyrate, alpha-hydroxyvalerate, or alpha-hydroxyisocaproate as substrate. In most tissues lactate dehydrogenase is composed of five isozymes with a molecular weight of 140,000 for each, as judged by gel-filtration chromatography. This suggests that the isozyme, are tetramers comprised of varying amounts of two physicochemically distinc subunits.     

赤眼鳟形态特征及其两种同工酶的组织特异性分析

[目的]从形态特征和生化遗传层面上丰富赤眼鳟种质资源研究数据,同时为筛选出鉴定赤眼鳟种群的生化遗传标记打下基础.[方法]采用形态学测量观察赤眼鳟的形态特征,并以聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳检测其不同组织(心脏、眼睛晶状体、肌肉、肝脏和肾脏)中的乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)和苹果酸脱氢酶(MDH),分析两种同工酶表达的组织特异性.[结果]赤眼鳟的眼上缘可见一红斑,鳃耙短而疏,主要形态特征为背鳍D.iii-7,胸鳍P.i-14,臀鳍A.iii-7~8,腹鳍V.i-8,其齿式2·4·5/4·4·2或2·4·4/4·4·2.从赤眼鳟的心脏、眼睛晶状体、肌肉、肝脏和肾脏等5种组织中共检测到7条LDH酶带和6条MDH酶带,不同组织中的酶带数目和活性各不相同,呈明显的组织特异性,且同一组织不同个体间也存在明显差异.[结论]同工酶表达的组织特异性除了受遗传基因调控外,还与各组织的生化代谢活动相关,其中心脏LDH可作为鉴定赤眼鳟种质的生化遗传标记.     

Lactate dehydrogenase isozymes: further kinetic studies at high enzyme concentration

In the report "Lactate dehydrogenase isozymes: Further kinetic studies at high enzyme concentration" by Thomas Wuntsch, Raymond F. Chen, and Elliot S. Vesell [169, 480 (1970)], 14.0 mM NAD in line 2 of the heading of Table 1 should read 14.0 , microM NAD.     

双须叶须鱼5种组织乳酸脱氢酶和苹果酸脱氢酶的 组织特异性分析

为了解双须叶须鱼的生化遗传特性,采用聚丙烯胺凝胶垂直板电泳对双须叶须鱼5种组织(心脏、眼睛、肌肉、肝脏和肾脏)的乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)和苹果酸脱氢酶(MDH)进行了分析。结果表明,双须叶须鱼LDH同工酶和MDH同工酶具有组织特异性和个体差异性,双须叶须鱼的MDH分为上清液型(s-MDH)和线粒体型(m-MDH)。     

Heterogeneity of presumably homogeneous protein preparations

Some highly purified glycolytic enzymes have been subjected to isoelectric focusing and found to contain a number of enzymatically active species. Crystalline aldolase A and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase from rabbit muscle were resolved into five components, crystalline aldolase from yeast was resolved into three components, pyruvate kinase from rabbit muscle yielded four components, and yeast enolase was resolved into two components. Rabbit muscle lactate dehydrogenase (M(4)) gave one major peak of protein and enzymatic activity. The profiles of aldolase, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, and yeast aldolases suggest random combinations of two closely related subunits into tetramers and dimers, respectively. The molecular heterogeneity of the other enzymes is not so easily related to subunit structure.     

辣椒上5个烟草花叶病毒分离物比较

以ＴＭＶ－ｏｍ为对照,对来自北疆地区辣椒上的５个ＴＭＶ分离物进行了生物学、血清学、感病辣椒过氧化物酶（ＰＯＤ）同工酶和酯酶（ＥＳＴ）同工酶的比较研究。结果表明,北疆地区辣椒上的ＴＭＶ存在着自然分化;县有明显的致病性差异。根据病状表现可分成系统坏死型、黄白花叶型、绿色花叶型、轻微花叶型４个类型,这些分离物与国内外报道的辣椒ＴＭＶ有一定差异。     

刺参种群同工酶的生化遗传分析

采用同工酶电泳方法,以中国北方沿海天然及养殖刺参Stichopus japonicus Selenka为研究对象,进行了群体生化遗传学研究。对刺参3种组织(肠、体壁、呼吸树)的9种同工酶(MDH、EST、SOD、CAT、ME、ACP、ALP、ADH及LDH)的表达情况和群体的生化遗传结构进行了分析,共记录了8个基因座位,其中7个为多态座位,多态座位比例为87．5％,表现出很高的遗传多样性。CAT、MDH、SOD和EST同工酶是分析刺参种群生化遗传结构的有效遗传标记,其酶谱及其生化遗传分析为刺参群体遗传学研究提供了可靠的基础资料。     

锥腹肖蛸体躯不同部位三种同工酶的研究

应用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳技术研究了雌性锥腹肖蛸体躯不同部位的酯酶同工酶、过氧化物酶同工酶、乳酸脱氢酶同工酶。结果表明，这三种同工酶在锥腹肖蛸体躯不同部位均有显著差异。酯酶同工酶主要存在于头胸部和腹部。过氧化物酶同工酶主要存在于腹部。乳酸脱氢酶同工酶主要存在于头胸部。     

Studies of inositol phospholipid-specific phospholipase C

Inositol phospholipid-specific phospholipase C is the enzyme that generates phosphoinositide-derived messenger molecules. Mammalian cells contain at least five immunologically distinct phospholipase C enzymes that appear to be separate gene products. Complete amino acid sequences of four of these isozymes have been established. The overall sequence similarity is surprisingly low for enzymes catalyzing the same chemical reaction: three of them show limited amino acid sequence similarity to each other in two narrow regions, and the fourth enzyme is completely different. The diversity in primary structure together with different regional and cellular expression of the isozymes suggests that each isozyme has a defined function in processing the physiological response of different cell types to a variety of external stimuli and that each is regulated differently.     

麦红吸浆虫滞育发育和变态过程中同工酶表达模式

为明确麦红吸浆虫滞育和发育变态过程中同工酶的表达模式,利用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳技术分析其滞育前、滞育期及滞育解除后过氧化氢酶(CAT)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)和酯酶(EST)同工酶图谱。结果检测到4种CAT、4种SOD、5种POD和8种EST同工酶,2种CAT、2种SOD、5种POD和4种EST同工酶呈现出多态性,它们可能与麦红吸浆虫滞育发育或变态的生理过程有关。     

口虾蛄乳酸脱氢酶同工酶组织特异性的研究

以口虾蛄为材料进行研究,用聚丙烯酰胶凝胶电泳法,对其肌肉、心胜、腹鳃、肝胰腺及眼球5种组织器官进行乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)同工酶的研究分析。结果表明：不同组织中乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)的同工酶谱带存在差异,具有明显的组织特异性。肌肉、腹鳃、肝胰腺和心脏中有2条酶带,眼球中只有1条酶带,心脏中的谱带表达最浓,而腹鳃中的酶带表达最弱。     

杉木雄性不育性遗传机理初步分析*

对杉木雄性不育原株混合授粉子代的开花情况作了观测与分析,初步认为杉木雄性不育性属核质基因作用型,即雄性不育株的细胞核有5对控制育性的隐性纯合基因,细胞质有一种控制不育性的基因,构成雄性不育基因型S (ms1 ms1 ms2 ms2 ms3 ms3 ms4 ms4 ms5 ms5)。     

杉木雄性不育性遗传机理初步分析

对杉木雄性不育原株混合授粉子代的开花情况作了观测与分析，初步认为杉木雄性不育性属核质基因作用型，即雄性不育株的细胞核有５对控制育性的隐性纯合基因，细胞质有一种控制不育性的基因，构成雄性不育基因型──Ｓ（ｍｓ＿１ｍｓ＿１ｍｓ＿２ｍｓ＿２ｍｓ＿３ｍｓ＿３ｍｓ＿４ｍｓ＿４ｍｓ＿５ｍｓ＿５）。     

两种农药树干注射对垂柳叶内PPO和POD活性及同工酶谱的影响

研究了吡虫啉和啶虫脒树干注射对垂柳叶内多酚氧化酶(PPO)、过氧化物酶(POD)活性及其同工酶谱变化的影响。结果表明,两种杀虫剂树干注射均可引起垂柳叶片PPO活性上升,POD活性下降。吡虫啉处理对PPO和POD活性的影响均大于啶虫脒,两种药剂处理后15 d PPO活性均达到最大值,10 d POD活性均最低,药后30 d PPO和POD活性逐渐恢复到对照水平。吡虫啉处理使PPO同工酶酶带E1(Rf=0．71)消失,E2(Rf=0．77)活性升高;啶虫脒处理使PPO同工酶酶带E1活性升高,E2消失;药后10,45 d各处理酶带带型基本稳定。吡虫啉处理使POD同工酶药后10 d酶带P1(Rf=0．51)、P4(Rf=0．67)消失,45 d P1消失而P4又出现;啶虫脒处理使POD同工酶酶带P1活性升高,P2(Rf=0．56)消失,药后10,45 d酶带带型相同。说明PPO和POD活性变化及其同工酶谱变化与注药种类有密切关系,可作为研究树干注药对树体生理影响的指标。     

6个多年生黑麦草品种酯酶和过氧化物同功酶比较研究

选取6个多年生黑麦草品种,利用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳技术对它们的根和茎叶的酯酶及过氧化物同功酶进行了测定,将酶谱数量化,应用SPSS统计软件求出各品种间的遗传相异度,并进行了聚类分析。结果表明:(1)本研究中的4个同功酶图谱皆有多态性,可以鉴别供试的6个品种;(2)供试品种之间的Jaccard相异系数在0.3到0.9091之间。若以Jaccard相异系数0.50为阈值,可以将供试品种分为3群:雅晴和匹克为一群,凯琳特、顶峰和明星为一群,首相单独为一群;(3)Jac-card相异系数最低的为雅晴和匹克两个品种以及顶峰和明星两个品种,均为0.30,亲缘关系最近。而首相与其它品种亲缘关系最远。     

几种泥炭藓属植物酯酶同工酶研究

[目的]分析泥炭藓属植物5个种6个居群的酯酶同工酶,以期对泥炭藓属植物种间关系及种群保护等研究提供参考依据。[方法]采用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳对泥炭藓属植物5个种6个居群的酯酶同工酶进行分析。[结果]酯酶同工酶带共6条,其中EST-1为泥炭藓属植物5个种所共有,是其特征带。泥炭藓有酶带2条,毕节采集到的卵叶泥炭藓有酶带4条,贵阳采集到的卵叶泥炭藓有酶带3条,加萨泥炭藓有酶带2条,多纹泥炭藓有酶带1条,尖叶泥炭藓有酶带2条,系统聚类分析结果显示,泥炭藓属植物5个种种间有明显的遗传差异。[结论]该研究结果为泥炭藓属植物种间关系及种群保护等研究奠定了基础。     

LACTATE DEHYDROGENASE IN TESTIS: DISSOCIATION AND RECOMBINATION OF SUBUNITS

Electrophoretic resolution of lactate dehydrogenase in mature testes from a variety of animals revealed one or more unusual isozymes in addition to the usual five forms. Dissociation of the enzyme and recombination of the polypeptide subunits led to the formation of new isozymes and to a redistribution of activity among those normally present, indicating that lactate dehydrogenase synthesis in postpubertal testis is controlled by more than two genes.     

Malic dehydrogenase isozymes: distribution in developing nucleate and anucleate halves of sea urchin eggs

Nucleate and anucleate halves of sea urchin eggs have seven and five forms of L-malic dehydrogenase, respectively. Fertilization results in reduction of the number of enzyme forms in both halves. The normal complement of seven isozymes in unfertilized eggs appears to be a synthesis of five soluble and four particulate forms. Reduction in the number of isozymes after fertilization takes place principally in solutble forms and appears to be under cytoplasmic control.     

小麦、偃麦草和小偃麦同工酶及蛋白质的比较研究

本文采用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳法,比较分析了小麦、天蓝偃麦草和小偃麦的酶酯同工酶、过氧化物酶同工酶和可溶性蛋白质。结果表明,不同属的酶谱是不同的。小麦和天蓝偃麦草的同工酶和可溶性蛋白质具有属的特异性。小偃麦兼有小麦和天蓝偃麦草的酶带,是不同于小麦和天蓝偃麦草的八倍体新类型。5个小偃麦划分成两种不同的类型,中_1和中_2属于第一种类型,中_3、中_4和中_5属于第二种类型。酯畴同工酶和过氧化物酶同工酶可以做为研究种属间关系和分类的一项生化指标。