山西平朔露天矿区复垦农用地表层土壤质量差异对比

以复垦农用地为研究对象,以原地貌未受损农用地和排土场未复垦地作为对照,共选择18个样地,对比研究复垦农用地、未复垦地及原地貌未受损农用地的土壤容重、田间持水量、pH值、有机质、全氮、全钾、有效磷、速效钾的差异,揭示复垦农用地土壤重构的过程及变异的规律。结果表明：（1）复垦农用地土壤容重、田间持水量、pH值、全钾、有效磷、速效钾的均值都略高于未受损农用地;而复垦农用地有机质、全氮的均值都略低于未受损农用地。（2）复垦农用地和未受损农用地在0-10cm的土壤容重及pH值均略低于10～20cm土层;0～10cm的土壤肥力指标均值略高于10～20em土层。（3）在0～10cm土层,复垦耕地和复垦林地的相关土壤理化性质要优于未受损耕地;在10—20cm,复垦林地土壤理化性质基本上优于未受损耕地。（4）复垦13年的耕地土壤容重、速效钾与未受损耕地差异不显著;复垦22年林地的单个土壤理化指标基本上优于复垦19年林地,复垦19年林地的单个土壤理化指标基本上优于未受损林地。     

不同复垦年限煤矸山重构土壤有机碳及其组分差异

土壤有机碳含量是土壤肥力状况的重要标志之一,其活性组分对田间管理措施反映敏感。因此,分析煤矸山复垦重构土壤有机碳含量及其组分差异对于揭示土壤碳库变化、指导复垦地田间管理措施的实施有重要意义。本研究以山西省霍州曹村煤矸山复垦后5a(R-5a)、7a(R-7a)和9a(R-9a)的果园为对象,通过与当地原地貌果园(CK)对比,分析了3种复垦样地土壤总有机碳(TOC)及其组分可溶性有机碳(DOC)、微生物生物量碳(MBC)、轻组有机碳(LFOC)和重组有机碳(HFOC)的差异,以及与土壤环境因子间的关系。结果表明:①随复垦年限的增加,3种复垦样地土壤TOC、LFOC和HFOC含量均呈先增后减趋势,DOC含量呈增加趋势,MBC含量呈先减后增趋势;但与CK相比,3种复垦样地土壤TOC、DOC、MBC、LFOC和HFOC含量均明显偏低。②DOC/TOC和MBC/TOC在R-7a样地中最低,LFOC/TOC随复垦年限的增加呈增加趋势,HFOC/TOC呈减少趋势,表明土壤中更多的有机碳从稳定态转变为活性态。③土壤全氮、全磷、碱解氮、碳氮比、黏粒含量、pH和含水量均不同程度影响有机碳含量,其中全氮、全磷、黏粒含量和土壤pH为关键因子。     

Leguminous trees for the restoration of degraded sodic wasteland in eastern Uttar Pradesh,India

The study was carried out in sodic lands of Sultanpur District, Uttar Pradesh, India. The barren soils and the soils supporting 3‐, 6‐ and 9‐year‐old plantations of Prosopis juliflora (Swartz) D.C. and Dalbergia sissoo Roxb. Ex. D.C. plantations were examined to assess the rate and extent of changes undergone by physical and chemical properties of the soil. The study brought out that these species indicated the process of soil rehabilitation from the early stages of growth and the extent of rehabilitation increased with the age of the plantation. P. juliflora was found to be more efficient in reclaiming the soil in comparison to D. sissoo. The decline in soil pH and exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP) indicates the desodification and enrichment with organic C, N, P and K indicates improvement in nutrient status of the soil. After 9 years of planting the surface soil was completely desodified as indicated by pH (<8ċ5), ESP (<15) and sodium adsorption ration (<15). A significant increase in organic C, exchangeable Ca²⁺ and Mg²⁺ and decrease in exchangeable Na⁺ reveals that the nutrient status is attaining suitable balance. The physical attributes of the soil also underwent improvement in terms of increase in porosity, water‐holding capacity, field capacity and decline in bulk density. The flocculation of dispersed soil surface and improvement in soil structure was indicated by increased infiltration rate (cm h⁻¹) and soil permeability (cm²). Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

基于最小数据集的黄土高原矿区复垦土壤质量评价

矿产开发影响了土壤质量,特别是在黄土高原生态脆弱地区。通过植被恢复能够改善矿区复垦土壤质量。为了揭示矿区复垦土壤质量在植被恢复过程中的变化,该文以黑岱沟矿区排土场不同恢复年限不同植被类型、未复垦地和周边自然植被恢复区为研究对象,选取21项理化生指标作为总数据集(totaldataset,TDS),运用主成分分析(principal component analysis,PCA)结合Norm值构建评价指标最小数据集(minimum data set,MDS),通过非线性(non-Linear,NL)和线性(linear,L)两种评价方法对研究区土壤质量进行了评价。研究表明:黄土高原北部典型矿区复垦土壤质量评价指标MDS包括粉粒百分比、有机质、速效磷、钠吸附比和微生物碳;2种评价方法下,植被恢复均对复垦土壤质量指数(soil quality index,SQI)有了显著提升(P 0.05),复垦20 a灌木SQI高于复垦10 a灌木SQI,复垦12 a草本SQI高于复垦20 a草本SQI,然而所有复垦土壤SQI均未达到自然植被恢复土壤SQI;由于非线性土壤质量评价方法(SQI-NL)具有更大的土壤质量指数变化区间和变异系数,此外,在SQI-NL和线性土壤质量(SQI-L)评价两种方法下,MDS和TDS之间决定系数分别为0.911和0.866,因此,非线性土壤质量评价方法在该区域具有更好的适用性,并且最小数据集能够较准确地进行土壤质量评价。     

Identification and performance of stress‐tolerant phosphate‐solubilizing bacterial isolates on Tagetes minuta grown in sodic soil

Tagetes minuta is moderately adapted to a wide range of climate and due to its tolerance to larger salt, pH and exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP) in soil it is considered to be a potential crop for salt‐affected soil. Its tolerance to adverse condition and association with halophilic microbes can combine to play a greater role in crop production and improvement in soil health. After screening, the potential phosphate‐solubilizing bacteria (PSB) RS‐1, RS‐2 and RS‐3 were isolated from sodic soils and tested in pot experiment using a naturally occurring sodic soil of pH 9.3 and an ESP of about 45. Under optimum conditions in the laboratory, these bacteria showed phosphorus solubilization potential in liquid medium containing tricalcium phosphate (TCP). Inoculation of PSB significantly increased plant growth in terms of height, number of branches, dry matter accumulation and nutrient uptake. Significant changes were also found in content and quality of essential oil. It was observed that PSB also improved the physical, chemical and biological properties of soil. The bacterial strains tested in this study have the potential for use as a biofertilizer in sustaining the growth of Tagetes minuta in salt stress soil and mitigating soil stress problems.     

Reclamation of a coastal reclaimed tidal land soil by gypsum and rice straw

This study was to evaluate the application effect of gypsum and rice straw on the saline–sodic soils of coastal reclaimed tidal lands during newly reclamation process by leaching method. Soil used in the lysimeter experiment is classified as Greyic Hydragric Anthrosols (Sodic Arenic). The experiment was carried out over a period of 1 year from May 2014 to July 2015 inside a plastic film house. Saturated electrical conductivity (EC_e) and exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP) values of soils in gypsum treatment and gypsum with rice straw treatment then reached the desalinization criteria (EC_e = 4.0 dS m^?1, ESP = 15%) after the five or six pore volumes leaching cycles. However, in spite the 10 pore volumes leaching cycles in control and rice straw alone treatment, the values did not reach the desalinization criteria. The results showed that effectiveness of improvement of sodicity and salinity in coastal reclaimed tidal land soils was in the order of gypsum = gypsum + rice straw > rice straw = control. Our study has shown that gypsum alone treatment or gypsum with rice straw treatment in a coastal reclaimed tidal land soils improves their physicochemical characteristics.     

巴西东北部地区土地退化对土壤微生物量和活性的影响

Land degradation causes great changes in the soil biological properties.The process of degradation may decrease soil microbial biomass and consequently decrease soil microbial activity.The study was conducted out during 2009 and 2010 at the four sites of land under native vegetation(NV),moderately degraded land(LDL),highly degraded land(HDL) and land under restoration for four years(RL) to evaluate changes in soil microbial biomass and activity in lands with different degradation levels in comparison with both land under native vegetation and land under restoration in Northeast Brazil.Soil samples were collected at 0-10 cm depth.Soil organic carbon(SOC),soil microbial biomass C(MBC) and N(MBN),soil respiration(SR),and hydrolysis of fluorescein diacetate(FDA) and dehydrogenase(DHA) activities were analyzed.After two years of evaluation,soil MBC,MBN,FDA and DHA had higher values in the NV,followed by the RL.The decreases of soil microbial biomass and enzyme activities in the degraded lands were approximately 8-10 times as large as those found in the NV.However,after land restoration,the MBC and MBN increased approximately 5-fold and 2-fold,respectively,compared with the HDL.The results showed that land degradation produced a strong decrease in soil microbial biomass.However,land restoration may promote short-and long-term increases in soil microbial biomass.     

Bioreclamation of sodic waste land—a case study

The study reports a case of bioreclamation of a once barren sodic landscape in the middle part of Gangetic alluvial plain at Banthra Research Station (National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow, India) (80° 45′ – 53′E and 26° 40′ – 45′N) which began about four decades ago. The investigations were carried out to ascertain the changes in soil characteristics caused by different land‐use systems adopted consistently over three decades. The results showed that the anthropogenic effect on alteration of surface texture through addition of sand in soils of Typic Natrustalfs is still distinct but persistent sodicity is retained. The soils of Inceptic Haplustalfs are markedly improved showing pH value around 8 and ESP > 4 with negligible CaCO₃. The soils of Aeric Endoaquepts supporting stands of forest trees are now devoid of sodicity to about 0\5 m depth, whereas the soils of Aeric Halaquepts though under cultivation have mild sodicity. Soils of Typic Halaquepts occurring on a low physiographic position with aquic soil moisture regime have high sodicity. Summarizing the results of changes in the surface (0 – 15 cm) soil characteristics caused by continuous cultivation irrespective of any crop grown on any soil type reveals that there is perceptible reduction in soil pH and ESP after three decades of reclamation using organic amendments coupled with regular cultivation and afforestation in different locations. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Conservation of gullies in susceptible riparian areas of alluvial soil regions

The problem of gully erosion is very severe in the riparian areas of the alluvial deep soil region in India. Research and development have progressed in response to the change in social needs. The earlier strategy of maintenance of law and order has changed to one of reclamation and restoration of the productive capacity of riparian areas. Watershed management in the ravines has been adopted for development of food security, eco‐restoration and pollution control. Case studies on the watershed management in watersheds projects initiated in the mid‐1980s revealed the scope for bringing increased prosperity through crop diversification and eco‐restoration. In consideration of the erosion process, new concepts of management zones and improved conservation and reclamation practices have been developed. The sociological factors have been rationally analysed, as they applied to watershed management in the ravines. A new paradigm of watershed management by group action is necessary in the future. Since the ways of combating the ravine problem and enhancing the productivity of ravine‐degraded lands were made on rational process‐based approach, there is scope for it to be implemented in other countries with similar land and socio‐economic situations. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

岩溶生态系统土壤及表生植被某些特性变异与石漠化的相关性

岩溶山地石漠化是一种与脆弱生态地质背景和人类活动相关联的土地退化过程。本文以重庆市典型岩溶山地为例 ,探讨了岩溶生态系统土地利用方式与土壤机械组成、土壤水稳性团聚体、土壤有机质、土壤种子库、植被类型的关系。结果表明 ,经开垦利用后 ,岩溶环境土壤表层砂化现象更加明显。土地利用强度越大 ,对土壤团粒结构的破坏也越大 ,林地、灌草坡对水分的保持能力强 ,土地利用强度较大的土壤保水能力相对较弱 ,土壤有机质受土地利用强度的明显影响。土地利用强度越大 ,木本植物种子越少 ,草本植物种子越多 ,且以农田杂草为主。土地利用方式的变化 (如陡坡开垦 )是对次生植被及其种子库的主要威胁。     

利用地面高光谱和逐步判别法进行滨海盐土开发程度评价

At different times over the past 30 years in Zhejiang Province, China, the coastal tidelands have been successively enclosed and reclaimed for agricultural land use. The purpose of this work was to evaluate whether laboratory hyperspectral data might be used to estimate the physicochemical characteristics of these reclaimed saline soils. A coastal region of Shangyu City （Zhejiang Province）, which was grouped into four subzones according to reclamation history, was used as the study area, and soil samples were collected in each subzone. Physicochemical analyses showed that the soils were characterized by high electrical conductivity and sand content with low organic matter; the longer the saline lands had been reclaimed, the lower were the electrical conductivity and sand content and the higher the organic matter content. These changing trends of soil chemical and physical properties were found in laboratory reflectance spectra of soil samples and their first-order derivative curves. Stepwise discriminant analysis （SDA） identified six salient spectral bands at 488, 530, 670, 880, 1400, and 1900 nm. Using derived discriminant functions for saline lands with different historical years of reclamation, classification revealed an overall accuracy from a self-test of 86.6% and from cross-validation of 89.3%. Therefore, as opposed to time-consuming field investigations, this study suggested that remotely sensed hyperspectral data could serve as a promising measure to assess the reclamation levels of coastal saline lands.     

西北风积沙区采煤扰动下土壤侵蚀与养分演变特征

为更好地理解西北风积沙矿区生态环境演变规律,以神东哈拉沟与上湾矿区为例,利用~(137)Cs示踪法分析了未采区、自恢复沉陷区(1、2、4、8 a沉陷区)与植被修复区(13 a沉陷区)的土壤侵蚀与养分特征,研究了矿区土壤侵蚀与养分的演变规律。结果表明:采煤扰动可以导致未采区土壤侵蚀强度增大与有机碳、微生物量碳、全氮、全磷、碱解氮养分明显损失。开采沉陷后,沉陷区土壤侵蚀强度随着时间的推移呈现出先增加后降低的趋势;其中,地表沉陷后的最初2 a是土壤侵蚀急剧增大的时段。采煤扰动下,土壤有机碳、微生物量碳、全氮、全磷、碱解氮养分的演变规律与土壤侵蚀演变密切相关。植被修复可以有效降低沉陷区土壤侵蚀强度与提高土壤养分含量。西北风积沙区采煤沉陷地表的生态恢复应该及时开展地表沉陷后的早起侵蚀防治,兼顾考虑植被修复与土壤微生物联合修复,以此促进土壤、植被正向演替。     

Restoration Affect Soil Organic Carbon and Nutrients in Different Particle‐size Fractions

Desertification is reversible and can often be prevented by adopting measures to control the causal processes. Desertification has generally decreased in most of the arid and semiarid areas of China during the last few decades because of the restoration of degraded vegetation and soil nutrients. However, little is known about the responses of soil nutrients in different particle‐size fractions to the restoration process and about the importance of this response to the restoration of bulk‐soil nutrients. In this study, we separated bulk‐soil samples in different sieve fractions: coarse‐fine sand (2·0–0·1 mm), very fine sand (0·10–0·05 mm) and silt + clay (<0·05 mm) fractions. Soil organic carbon (SOC), N, P and K contents stored in the silt + clay were greater than the contents of non‐protected nutrients in the coarser fractions. During the restoration of desertified land, the content and stability of bulk‐soil SOC, total N and P and available N, P and K increased with increasing nutrient contents in all fractions. Topsoil nutrients stored in coarse‐fine sand and very fine sand fractions were more sensitive than those stored in the silt + clay fraction to the fixation of mobile sandy lands and vegetation recovery. The changes of bulk‐soil nutrients and their stability were decided by the soil nutrients associated with all particle‐size fractions. Path analysis revealed that SOC and total nutrients in very fine sand and available nutrients in coarse‐fine sand were the key factors driving the soil recovery. These results will help us understand soil recovery mechanisms and evaluate the degree of recovery. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Belowground Attributes on Reclaimed Surface Mine Lands over a 40‐year Chronosequence

Reclamation following mining activities often aims to restore stable soils that support productive and diverse native plant communities. The soil re‐spread process increases soil compaction, which may alter soil water, plant composition, rooting depths, and soil organic matter. This may have a direct impact on vegetation establishment and species recruitment. Seasonal wet/dry and freeze/thaw patterns are thought to alleviate soil compaction over time. However, this has not been formally evaluated on reclaimed landscapes at large scales. Our objectives were to (1) determine soil compaction alleviation, (2) rooting depth, and (3) spatial patterns of soil water content over a time‐since‐reclamation gradient. Soil resistance to penetration varied by depth, with shallow compaction remaining unchanged, but deeper compaction increased over time rather than being alleviated. Root biomass and depth did not increase with time and was consistently less than the values in the reference location. Plant communities initially had a strong native component, but quickly became dominated by invasive species following reclamation, and soil water content became increasingly homogeneous over the 40‐year chronosequence. Seasonal weather patterns and soil organic matter additions can reduce soil compaction if water infiltration is not limited. Shallow and strongly fibrous‐rooted grasses present in reclaimed sites added organic matter to shallow soil layers, but did not penetrate the compacted layers and allow water infiltration. Strong linkages between land management strategies, soil properties, and vegetation composition can advance reclamation efforts and promote heterogeneous landscapes. However, current post‐reclamation management strategies are incompletely utilizing natural seasonal weather patterns to reduce soil compaction. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Degradation of ‘reclaimed’ lands previously disturbed by coal mining in Wales: Causes and remedies

Large tracts of land, officially described as ‘reclaimed’ from former mineral workings, are in poor condition. Problems include gullying, soil erosion, soil compaction, accelerated run-off and poor vegetation cover. Some of these problems are caused by low quality and inappropriate engineering. Some are due to poor land husbandry. There is a need for a national system of quality control inspection for land reclamation sites and provision for training in the special problems of managing reclaimed lands. However, many further problems result from natural soil-forming processes, notably the accelerated breakdown of newly exposed minestones. This chokes the soils with fine particles, decreasing permeability and increasing bulk density. Current research directed to correcting this problem uses trees to build new self-sustaining soils from the ground up and to promote the development of a large and active community of soil organisms. It is hoped that the polysaccharide secretions of these organisms will bind the newly created clays into stable soil aggregates.     

不同土壤类型和农业用地方式对土壤微生物量碳的影响

通过野外调查与室内分析,研究了山东桓台县3种土壤类型(潮土、褐土和砂姜黑土)与农业用地方式(林地、菜地和粮田)对土壤表层(0—10.cm)微生物量碳的影响。结果表明,不同农业用地方式对微生物量碳的影响较大,3种利用方式的微生物量碳含量差异显著,依次为:粮田>菜地>林地;土壤类型不同,土壤微生物量碳含量也不相同。任何一种土壤,菜地的N、P、K含量都高于粮田和林地;有机质含量粮田>菜地>林地;pH值林地>粮田>菜地。全N、有机质与土壤微生物量碳呈极显著正相关,有效P与微生物量碳呈弱负相关,速效K、pH值和微生物量碳不相关。不同用地方式下土壤养分与微生物量碳的相关程度不同。秸秆还田和施用有机肥有利于提高土壤中微生物量碳水平,施用化肥在一定程度上能够增加微生物量碳。     

Evaluating reclamation levels of coastal saline soil using laboratory hyperspectral data

Considerable proportions of coastal saline tidelands in China have been reclaimed for agricultural land uses in the past 30 years. This study aims to investigate the potential utility of laboratory hyperspectral data for evaluating the reclamation levels of those saline lands. A coastal region of Shangyu City (Zhejiang Province) was used as the study area, which was then grouped into four subzones according to the reclamation history. Soil samples were collected at each subzone, and they were characterized by high electrical conductivity and sand content and low organic matter; the longer the saline lands have been reclaimed, the lower the electrical conductivity and sand content are and the higher the organic matter content is. These changing trends of the soil chemical and physical properties can be indicated by the laboratory reflectance spectra of the soil samples. Stepwise discriminant analysis (SDA) was applied to select and identify six salient spectral bands at 488, 530, 670, 880, 1400, and 1900 nm. Using derived discriminant functions, saline lands with different historical years of reclamation were classified with an overall accuracy of 86.6% in a self-test and 89.3% in a cross validation. Finally, this study suggests that remotely sensed hyperspectral data serve as promising measures to assess the reclamation levels of coastal saline soil, as opposed to time-consuming field investigations. Published in Russian in Pochvovedenie, 2007, No. 10, pp. 1226–1233. The text was submitted by the authors in English.     

Impact of land‐use changes on soil hydraulic properties of Calcaric Regosols on the Loess Plateau,NW China

Vegetation restoration efforts (planting trees and grass) have been effective in controlling soil erosion on the Loess Plateau (NW China). Shifts in land cover result in modifications of soil properties. Yet, whether the hydraulic properties have also been improved by vegetation restoration is still not clear. The objective of this paper was to understand how vegetation restoration alters soil structure and related soil hydraulic properties such as permeability and soil water storage capacity. Three adjacent sites with similar soil texture, soil type, and topography, but different land cover (black locust forest, grassland, and cropland) were selected in a typical small catchment in the middle reaches of the Yellow River (Loess Plateau). Seasonal variation of soil hydraulic properties in topsoil and subsoil were examined. Our study revealed that land‐use type had a significant impact on field‐saturated, near‐saturated hydraulic conductivity, and soil water characteristics. Specifically, conversion from cropland to grass or forests promotes infiltration capacity as a result of increased saturated hydraulic conductivity, air capacity, and macroporosity. Moreover, conversion from cropland to forest tends to promote the creation of mesopores, which increase soil water‐storage capacity. Tillage of cropland created temporarily well‐structured topsoil but compacted subsoil as indicated by low subsoil saturated hydraulic conductivity, air capacity, and plant‐available water capacity. No impact of land cover conversion on unsaturated hydraulic conductivities at suction > 300 cm was found indicating that changes in land cover do not affect functional meso‐ and microporosity. Our work demonstrates that changes in soil hydraulic properties resulting from soil conservation efforts need to be considered when soil conservation measures shall be implemented in water‐limited regions. For ensuring the sustainability of such measures, the impact of soil conversion on water resources and hydrological processes needs to be further investigated.     

粉煤灰充填复垦下大豆和玉米的生长状况及环境风险评估

为了解粉煤灰充填复垦下农作物的生长状况,阐明复垦方式对土壤和农作物中重金属含量的影响,以淮南田集电厂粉煤灰为例,采用不同的覆土方式,以全土为对照,在5块试验田种植大豆和玉米,定期观察其长势,并利用ICP-AES和HF-AFS测得种植农作物后土壤、粉煤灰、大豆和玉米的茎叶和果实中的重金属含量。结果表明,各种充填方式下,表层土壤大部分重金属含量降低,而Hg和Se含量增多,并表现出随覆土厚度增大而减少的趋势;复合充填下层土壤中Hg的污染指数为5.732,明显高于其他充填方式;在覆土30cm的充填方式下,农作物的株高大于其他覆土方式;并且在覆土30、50cm方式下,作物的茎叶和果实中所含的重金属的量比较接近全土种植下作物中重金属水平。所以,相对于50cm的覆土方式,覆土30cm充填方式是采煤塌陷地带生态修复和燃煤电厂粉煤灰处置较为经济的方式,也是对农作物中重金属元素影响较小的措施。     

Soil Amendment Improves Tree Growth and Soil Carbon and Nitrogen Pools in Mongolian Pine Plantations on Post‐Mining Land in Northeast China

Mining activities leave large areas of post‐mining lands to be reclaimed. Increases in soil C and N pools and N availability are important to successfully reestablish trees on post‐mining land. In this study, we determined C and N concentrations and natural stable isotope of ¹³C and ¹⁵N in soil and plant in Mongolian pine (Pinus sylvestris L. var. mongolica Litv.) plantations 8 years after establishment on non‐mined land (NM), post‐mining land without soil amendment (NAM), and post‐mining land with soil amendment (AM) in a placer gold mining region of Northeast China. We found that the growth of Mongolian pine was significantly slower on NAM as compared with NM (decreasing by 73% in tree height and 63% in basal diameter), but tree growth improved on AM. Soil C and N concentrations, plant N concentration, and soil δ¹⁵N value decreased in the order of NM > AM > NAM, implying that soil N availability decreased in post‐mining land, but soil amendment could increase soil N availability. However, the values of δ¹⁵N in plant tissues of Mongolian pine were higher on NAM than on NM and AM, suggesting that soil inorganic N form absorbed by trees might be changed when trees were directly planted on post‐mining land with lower soil N availability. In addition, the values of δ¹³C in 1‐ and 2‐year‐old leaves of Mongolian pine were lowest when planted on NAM, indicating a decrease in intrinsic water‐use efficiency of Mongolian pine. Our results suggest that soil amendment helps us establish forests successfully on post‐mining lands. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.