中草药防治鱼病“八注意”

中草药是一种理想的天然、环保型绿色药物,具有天然、高效、毒副作用小、安全性高、残留少等诸多优点,且来源广、成本低,在目前全面提倡健康养殖的新形势下,推广中草药防治鱼病,有着极其重要的意义.但是,中草药药效不十分稳定,且难以把握剂量,不少养鱼户缺乏中草药防治鱼病的知识,往往用药不当,效果不佳.使用中草药防治鱼病必须注意以下几点:     

中草药防治鱼病注意事项

中草药是一种理想的天然、环保型绿色药物，具有天然、高效、毒副作用小、安全性高、残留少等诸多优点，且来源广、成本低，在目前全面提倡健康养殖的新形势下，推广中草药防治鱼病，有着极其重要的意义。但是，中草药药效不十分稳定，且难以把握剂量，不少养鱼户缺乏中草药防治鱼病知识，往往用药不当，效果不佳。使用中草药防治鱼病必须注意以下几点：     

中草药在防治鱼病上的应用

<正>近年来,中草药在鱼病防治中得到了水产养殖者的青睐。以往人们使用大量化学合成类,重金属类以及抗生素类药物防治鱼病,在带来治疗效果的同时,也使其耐药性增加、造成环境污染、重金属离子积聚超标不能食用等问题。因此,寻找安全绿色的鱼病防治药物成为当前热点。1中草药化学成分中草药的化学成分极为复杂,通常将中草药的化学成分分为     

浅谈中草药饲料添加剂的优势及发展前景

中草药不仅可以用于个体治病 ,而且可以用于群体防治 ,适应集约化饲养的需要 ,更重要的是能解决抗生素、激素等药物添加剂无法解决的药物残留问题。在促进畜禽生长方面还具有抗生素、激素类药物饲料添加剂无可比拟的优点。所以 ,大力开发应用中草药饲料添加剂对加快我国畜牧业发展具有十分重大的现实意义。     

中草药添加剂的特点及在养殖业中的应用

随着畜牧业的飞速发展,大量使用抗生素的弊端日益凸显,而中草药添加剂具有资源天然性、功能多样性、无抗药性、低毒性、经济实用等优点,必将代替抗生素。笔者对中草药添加剂的特点、在养殖业中的应用和作用机理进行研究,最后分析了中草药作为添加剂使用存在的问题,以期为生产绿色、健康、安全的畜牧产品提供帮助。     

中草药在鱼病防治中的应用

正中草药作为绿色药物,具有天然、高效、毒副作用小、抗药性不显著、资源丰富及性能多样化等优点,在防治鱼病中,除了兼有药性和营养性外,还具有提高水产动物生产性能和饲料利用率等功效,逐渐成为鱼病防治药物研究的重点内容。近年来,随着水产养殖业的迅猛发展,特别是集约化、工厂化养殖程度的提高,水产养殖病害问题日益严重。化学药品、抗生素等抗菌药物对鱼病防治虽有一定的疗效,但同时也带来病原体的抗药性和水产品的药残、药害等     

刺五加散对育肥猪生产性能和免疫功能的影响

正在养殖业中,抗生素的使用较为普遍,长期使用抗生素可产生耐药性、药物残留等毒副作用,而中草药添加剂克服了抗生素的缺点,与之比较具有天然性,无抗药性、无药残、毒副作用小等优点,本文作者以传统的中草药刺五加等为原料自拟刺五加散,用以替代抗生素应用于育肥猪的生产,为中草药在养猪生产中的推广应用提供     

奶牛乳房炎主要致病茵的分离与鉴定及体外抑菌试验

引起奶牛乳房炎的主要致病菌为金黄色葡萄球菌、停乳链球菌、无乳链球菌和大肠杆菌。对于乳房炎的治疗，一般都是采用抗生素等药物，但随着抗生素长期大剂量的广泛使用，细菌抗药性和抗生素乳中残留问题被普遍关注。中草药是纯天然物质，具有抗菌、消炎、细菌不易产生耐药性、低毒等特点，具有抗生素无法比拟的优点。所以应用中草药替代抗生素防治奶牛乳腺炎，已日益为国内外学者所关注。     

中草药在鱼病防治中的应用

中草药在鱼病防治中的应用汪德刚（郑州牧业工程高等专科学校４５００４５）中草药防治鱼病在我国劳动人民中早有基础，在渔业生产中起着重要的作用。利用中草药防治鱼病具有药源广泛、经济方便、效果较好、安全性高的特点。近年来日益受到国内外广泛的关注和重视，并成为...     

北方常见鱼病的中草药疗法

中草药在杀灭病原微生物的同时，不易产生耐药性，而且中草药对机体具有双向调节作用，能增强机体免疫力、无毒副作用。与抗生素相比具有使用简便、取材容易、价格低廉等诸多优点，是一种理想的、无污染的绿色环保防治方法。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …     

鸡败血支原体垂直传播模式及其阻断方法

以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.