绵羊脑包虫病的诊断与防治

脑包虫病又称脑多头蚴病，是由多头绦虫的幼虫——脑多头蚴（脑包虫）引起的，它是危害绵羊严重的寄生虫病，尤以二岁以内的绵羊最易感。多头绦虫成虫寄生在终末宿主犬、豺、狼、狐狸的小肠内；幼虫寄生在绵羊、     

绵羊脑多头蚴病的诊治

绵羊脑多头蚴（俗称脑包虫）病是临床上常见的绵羊疾病之一，随着养羊业的发展，绵羊脑多头蚴的发病率有增加的趋势。据我们对湟源县寺寨牧场的临床病例统计，绵羊脑包虫病占羊病的10．6％。现将近年来的诊治结果报道如下。     

一起羊脑多头蚴的诊治报告

脑多头蚴病（脑包虫病）是由于多头绦虫的幼虫—多头蚴寄生在绵羊、山羊的脑、脊髓内,引起脑炎、脑膜炎及一系列神经症状（周期性转圈运动）,甚至死亡的严重寄生虫病。多头蚴还可危害黄牛、牦牛、猪、马甚至人类。成虫则寄生于犬、狼、狐、豺等肉食兽的小肠。该病多见于犬活动频繁的地方。1病原（1）多头蚴呈囊泡状,囊状可由豌豆大至鸡蛋大,囊内充满透明液体,在囊的内壁上有100～250个原头蚴,原头蚴直径2～3mm。     

舍饲肉羊脑多头蚴的诊断及综合防制

脑多头蚴病俗称脑包虫病.多头蚴是寄生于犬、狼、狐小肠内的多头绦虫的幼虫,主要寄生在绵羊脑内、脊髓内,引起脑炎、脑膜炎及一系列神经症状,可造成羊死亡.本病在农牧区广泛存在,特别是犬活动比较频繁的地区.     

牛、羊脑多头蚴病的症状及诊治

脑多头蚴病是由寄生于狗、狼等肉食动物小肠里多头绦虫的幼虫（脑多头蚴）寄生于牛、羊的脑部所引起的绦虫蚴病,俗称脑包虫病。患畜有明显的转圈症状,又称为转圈病或旋回病,人亦可感染。     

牛、羊脑多头蚴病的诊断与防治

脑多头蚴病是由寄生于狗、狼等肉食兽小肠里多头绦虫的幼虫（脑多头蚴）寄生于牛、羊的脑部所引起的绦虫蚴病,俗称脑包虫病。因为能引起患畜明显的转圈症状,又称为转圈病或旋回病。     

脑包虫病的防治

脑包虫病又称脑多头蚴病.它是危害绵羊和犊牛的严重寄生虫病,尤其2岁以下的绵羊易感.脑多头蚴的病原体是多头绦虫(Multiceps muliceps)的幼虫--脑多头蚴(Coenurus cerebralis)所引起的.成虫寄生于犬、豺、狼、狐狸的小肠内,幼虫寄生于绵羊、山羊、牛和骆驼等偶蹄类动物的脑内,有时亦能在延脑或脊髓中发现,人也能偶然感染.     

脑包虫病的诊断及防治措施

脑包虫病(脑多头蚴病)是由于多头绦虫的幼虫--多头蚴寄生在绵羊、山羊的脑、脊髓内,引起脑炎、脑膜炎及一系列神经症状,甚至死亡的严重寄生虫病.多头蚴还可危害黄牛、牦牛、猪、马甚至人类.成虫则寄生于犬、狼、狐、豺等肉食兽的小肠.该病散布于全国各地,并多见于犬活动频繁的地方.     

浅谈羊的脑多头蚴病

脑多头蚴病的病原体是多头绦虫的幼虫(脑多头蚴)引起的，广大养畜户习惯称之为脑包虫病。脑多头蚴的成虫在终末宿主犬等肉食兽的小肠寄生，幼虫寄生在绵羊、山羊等有蹄兽的脑内，有时在羊脊髓和延脑中可发现，有报道人也能感染本病。它是严重危害绵羊和犊牛的寄生虫病，对养羊户造成一定的经济损失。     

多头蚴病的诊治体会

多头蚴病俗称脑包虫病，是由多头绦虫的蚴虫寄生牛、羊脑（偶尔也寄生于延脑和脊髓）所引起的一种绦虫蚴病，主要侵害2岁以内的绵羊和犊牛。多头蚴是一个豌豆大到鸡蛋大的囊泡，囊膜半透明，囊内充满透明液体，内膜上长出如同菜花状的很多白色头节。     

A survey of Taenia multiceps coenurosis in Sardinian sheep

A survey was carried out to assess the occurrence of Coenurus cerebralis infection in Sardinian sheep. A prevalence of 0.35% was observed when 566 regularly slaughtered sheep were examined. However, in 120 sheep with suspected symptoms of coenurosis examined from November 2001 to October 2002, a total of 299 cerebral coenurosis lesions were observed with an incidence of 1% per year. Lesions were classified as migratory, cystic and secondary. Most migratory lesions were found in sheep aged 3-6 months. Cavitary lesions containing cysts in different developing stages were found with high incidence per year in sheep aged 7-12 months. Secondary lesions due to the development of Coenurus were most frequent in sheep aged 19-36 months. Most sheep were found infected in spring and in early summer, between March and June. Most lesions were located in the cortex. The mean number of protoscolices per cyst was 149 (range 10-370).     

脑多头蚴病研究进展

脑多头蚴病是由多头带绦虫的中绦期幼虫脑多头蚴寄生于绵羊、山羊、黄牛、牦牛等有蹄动物的脑及脊髓中引起的一种人兽共患寄生虫病,人可因误食虫卵而感染此病。该病在宿主出现典型临床症状后如果得不到治疗,多以死亡为转归,给畜牧业生产造成了巨大的经济损失。论文就脑多头蚴病的病原学、生活史、流行病学、临床症状、诊断、治疗及免疫预防等方面的研究进展进行了综述。     

奥芬哒唑对人工感染脑多头蚴绵羊的早期治疗试验

为了寻找一种治疗脑多头蚴早期感染的新药物，应用奥芬哒唑（Oxfendazole)于感染后第8d和第15d以30mg/kg的剂量，对人工感染脑多头蚴的绵羊进行了单剂量和三剂量早期治疗试验。结果表明：无论是第8d还是第15d，三剂量组对人工接种早期感染脑多头蚴的绵羊具有完全的治疗作用。奥芬哒唑是治疗羊脑多头病的理想药物。     

Two rare clinical manifestations of coenurosis in sheep

Two rare clinical manifestations of coenurosis in sheep are reported. (i) A case of partial seizure disorder in a ram of 11 months old. During seizure episodes the animal lay down in lateral recumbency displaying initially a stuporous condition and subsequently began to revolve its head from the base of the cervix. At the necropsy of the case, Coenurus cerebralis cyst (young bladder worm) was found dorsally inside the brainstem, in the site of the tectum mesencephaly. (ii) The second-reported manifestation was a bacterial meningoengephalitis that was witnessed in two lambs of 6-7 weeks old. The lambs displayed lateral recumbency with seizure activity. At necropsy, meningoencephalitis with congestion and abscesses were observed in both of them. Interestingly, C. cerebralis cysts were also found in both brains. Streptococcus dysgalactiae was isolated from the abscesses. Possibly, S. dysgalactiae translocation of the blood-brain barrier was facilitated by the migration of the immature stages of C. cerebralis to and through the brain.     

Diagnosis and treatment of coenurosis in sheep

Coenurosis is a disease of the central nervous system in sheep, caused by Coenurus cerebralis, the larval stage of Taenia multiceps, a tapeworm, which infests the small intestine of carnivores. In 80-90% of cases, the cyst is located in one cerebral hemisphere, whilst in 5-10% of cases, it is localised in the cerebellum; rarely it involves two sites in the brain of the affected animal. Listeriosis, louping-ill, sarcocystosis and polioencephalomalacia and brain abscessation should be considered when formulating a diagnosis of acute coenurosis. In all cases, it is essential to carefully examine the animal and not simply rely on results of ancillary tests (mainly of cerebrospinal fluid examination), as disorders other than coenurosis can be responsible for changes in the results of these tests. Treatment is based on surgical removal of the coenurus cyst after general anaesthesia of the animal; the approach has a very good success rate, especially after accurate localisation of the lesion. Despite that, many farmers may choose to slaughter those sheep fit for marketing for economic reasons and euthanise those in poor condition.     

Clinicopathologic observations on Coenurus cerebralis in naturally infected sheep

Twelve sheep from 7 different flocks consisting of approximately 150-250 animals each were diagnosed with coenurosis caused by the larval stage of Taenia multiceps. Ataxia, incoordination, drowsiness, hind leg paralysis and coma were the most prominent clinical symptoms. Monocytosis and lymphocytosis were observed upon hematological examination. Creatin kinase (CKBB) levels of the animals varied between 421 and 495 U/l. Cysts were commonly localized in the parietal and frontal lobes of the brain and in the cerebellum. In two cases, cysts were found on the lumbar aspect of the medulla spinalis. Symptoms were related to cyst localization. Depression, tilting of the head either to the right or left and head pressing were seen when cysts were located in the cerebrum. Incoordination and hyperexcitability were noted if the cysts were involved with the cerebellum and when located in the spinal cord, hind leg paralysis was the typical clinical sign. On microscopic examination, atrophy was observed in the central nervous system (CNS) organs due to pression by the bladderworms. Nonpurulent meningoencephalitis with perivascular cuffings were the most common histopathological findings. In periodic acid Schiff staining (PAS), positive reaction was observed in protoscoleces. Neurons were the most affected cell type when stained by the Klüver Barrera method.This method also showed that in the CNS, Coenurus cerebralis caused a prominent glial reaction. When parasites were localized in the nervous system treatment was impossible. Animals without neurologic sings were treated with praziquantel (Tenikur tablet-Topkim A.S.) 50-100 mg/kg/day for three days.     

羊脑多头蚴病ELISA试验用抗原制备的初步研究

用羊脑多头蚴包囊头节、犬多头多头线虫节片经超速离心制备的抗原以及多头蚴包囊液抗原,分别对32头份羊脑多头蚴病阳性血清和63头份阴性血清进行EISA检测。头节抗原、节片抗原和囊液抗原的阳性率分别为81.25％、78.12％和53.12％,前两者阳性率均高于后者;其阴性率分别为82.54％、79.36％和80.95％。进而以头节抗原对32头份羊脑多头蚴病血清、25头份羊细颈囊尾蚴病血清、12头份羊棘球蚴病血清和7头份羊肝片吸虫病血清以及31头份羊肝片吸虫病阴性血清进行ELISA试验。结果,分别有26头份、9头份、4头份、1头份和1头份为阳性反应。经Dancan’s检验,多头蚴病血清S/N平均值明显地高于多头蚴病阴性血清。从而初步证明头节抗原用于诊断羊脑多头蚴病具有较高的敏感性和特异性。     

斑点免疫金渗滤试验检测绵羊脑多头蚴病的研究

为了寻找一种快速、简便诊断绵羊脑多头蚴病的新方法，应用自行配制的胶体金探针标记SPA，建立了斑点免疫金渗滤试验（DIGFA）。该法同ELISA具有良好的相符性。将抗原、待检血清滴加于膜上进行反应，数分钟内即可用肉眼进行结果判定。本法具有操作简单、反应快速、敏感性强、重复性好、不需要贵重仪器等优点，适合于基层推广应用。     

多头绦虫抗原特性的研究──应用IHA观察绵羊免疫及感染后的抗体消长规律

为了观察绵羊用多头蚴抗原免疫及感染后的抗体消长规律,为羊脑多头蚴病的免疫预防和免疫诊断提供依据,本试验应用多头蚴原头节可溶性抗原、囊壁可溶性抗原、囊液粗抗原致敏绵羊红细胞对绵羊免疫3次及虫卵攻击感染后的血清抗体进行间接血凝试验（IHA）检测。结果表明,原头节抗原免疫组、囊壁抗原免疫组、囊液抗原免疫组及原头节ES抗原免疫组在首次免疫后1周,抗体滴度迅速升高,第3次免疫后1周达到峰值,虫卵感染后开始下降,到感染后30周接近正常水平。多头蚴3种抗原对同种抗原免疫组血清检测敏感性、特异性优于其它抗原,原头节免疫组、囊壁免疫组、囊液免疫组抗体水平明显高于原头节ES抗原免疫组。     

多头带绦虫Tm16与Tm18抗原基因的克隆及原核表达

为原核表达Tml6和Tm18重组蛋白,本研究以自然感染羊源脑多头坳原头节基因组DNA为模板分别扩增Tml6和Tm 18杭原基因全基因片段,测序鉴定后合成其开放阅读框架DNA片段,将基因组序列中的内含子去除并对其稀有密码子进行改造优化,构建重组表达质粒pGEX-Tm 16和pGEX-Tml8.转化大肠杆菌BL21后以IPTG诱导表达,SDS-PAGE分析表达产物并进行纯化.结果显示:在大肠杆菌中表达出带有GST标签的大小约为39.6 ku和39.4 ku的重组蛋白,经谷胱甘肤琼脂糖树脂纯化得到高纯度的可溶性的GST-Tm 16及GST-Tml8重组蛋白,western blot分析表明重组蛋白均能够被兔抗GST单克隆杭体特异性识别.