荷斯坦奶牛耳组织成纤维细胞分离培养及冷冻保存方法研究

试验对荷斯坦奶牛耳组织成纤维细胞的分离、体外培养及5种冷冻保存方法进行了研究。结果表明:用DMEM/F12 20%胎牛血清 100IU/mL双抗的完全培养液进行组织块培养,能获得良好的荷斯坦奶牛耳组织成纤维细胞原代培养物;成纤维细胞混合培养物经TrypsinEDTA(0.25%Trypsin,1mmol/LEDTA.4Na)消化所收集到的细胞主要为成纤维细胞,经2~3代传代,可得到纯化的荷斯坦奶牛耳组织成纤维细胞。纯化培养的成纤维细胞在冷冻保护剂和血清成分相同的条件下,选用5种不同的冷冻保存方法进行冷冻保存,其中使用70%细胞悬液 20%胎牛血清 10%DMSO的冷冻保存悬液,先在4℃预冷平衡0.5h,接着在液氮罐口的气态氮中悬挂4h,然后沉入液氮的方法冻存的细胞,解冻后,经台盼蓝染色后进行细胞活力分析,活细胞率为86.68%;培养48h后细胞贴壁率为86.40%,明显高于其他几种方法。     

小鼠卵母细胞冷冻技术研究

采用PBS作为冷冻基础液,分别用甘油和二甲基亚砜(DMSO)作为冷冻保护液,在程序化冷冻保存和玻璃化冷冻保存条件下,研究小鼠生发泡期(GV期)卵母细胞的抗冻能力。结果表明,2种冷冻方法对小鼠GV期卵母细胞解冻后形态正常率和存活率无显著影响(P>0.05)。冷冻保护剂种类对小鼠GV期卵母细胞解冻后形态正常率无显著影响(P>0.05);但对存活率有显著影响,玻璃化冷冻采用二甲基亚砜作为冷冻保护液效果极显著优于甘油(P<0.01)。以冷冻效果较好的二甲基亚砜作为冷冻保护液,采用玻璃化冷冻不同发育阶段(GV期和MⅡ期)的小鼠卵母细胞,解冻后形态正常率无显著差异(P>0.05),但存活率GV期要显著优于MⅡ期卵母细胞(P<0.05)。     

马皮肤成纤维细胞的体外培养与冷冻保存

本研究利用小组织块直接培养法得到了成年马皮肤成纤维细胞的原代培养物,再用酶消化法处理,能够纯化马皮肤成纤维细胞。成纤维细胞的冷冻保存,首先采用手工冷冻法,选用含有不同浓度保护剂如：二甲基亚砜（DMSO）、乙二醇（EG）、甘油（GC））和新生牛血清（NCS）的12种冷冻液对马皮肤成纤维细胞进行冷冻保存;其次用2种冷冻方法对马皮肤成纤维细胞进行冷冻保存,以24 h贴壁率评价冻存效果。结果表明,10% DMSO和20% NCS的DMEM冻存液,对马皮肤成纤维细胞的冻存效果好(24 h贴壁率84.98%)。从冷冻方法来看,程序冷冻法(86.32%）优于手工冷冻法（79.98%)(P<0.05)。     

不同冷冻保护剂对犊牛睾丸组织冷冻效果的研究

通过探讨不同冷冻保护剂对犊牛睾丸组织冷冻保存的效果以及睾丸组织低损伤冷冻保存的机理,为保护珍稀濒危物种、恢复人类未成年男性生育能力等提供依据。研究将二甲基亚砜(DMSO)、甘油、丙二醇、蔗糖和葡萄籽原花青素(GSP)五种冷冻保护剂设置八个浓度梯度,用以进行犊牛睾丸组织的冷冻保存,7d后解冻,解冻后检测睾丸组织内的一氧化氮(NO)、一氧化氮合酶(NOS)和细胞活率。结果表明,经10%DMSO、丙二醇、蔗糖和GSP冷冻犊牛睾丸组织7d解冻后,组织细胞活率分别达到77%、62%、34%和24%,DMSO组优于其他组(P0.05);NO水平分别为0.52、0.51、0.64和0.49μmol/mgprot,NOS活性分别为1.03、0.98、1.04和0.96U/mgprot,GSP组优于其他组(P0.05)。7.5%甘油冷冻犊牛睾丸7d解冻后,细胞活率、NO和NOS分别为41%、0.54μmol/mgprot和1.07U/mgprot,优于组内其他浓度(P0.05)。表明10%DMSO能有效地冷冻保存犊牛睾丸组织。     

牛皮肤成纤维细胞的体外培养与冻存

利用牛皮肤组织块直接培养法，得到牛皮肤细胞的原代培养物，再用酶消化法和反复贴壁法处理，能够纯化成纤维细胞。成纤维细胞的冻存是通过选用6种分别含有二甲基亚砜（DMSO）、甘油（GL）及乙二醇（EG）的保护液，以相同的冻前处理方法，对牛皮肤成纤维细胞进行缓慢冷冻，冰箱预冷平衡1－2h，逐步投入液氮（－196℃）中保存，再经37℃水浴解冻，Hanks液脱保护剂，以贴壁率评价冻存效果。结果表明，20％DMSO保护液对牛皮肤成纤维细胞表现出较好且稳定的冷冻保护效果，其平均贴壁率达87．9％。     

不同抗氧化剂对鸡胚盘细胞冷冻效果的影响

为探究不同抗氧化剂对鸡胚盘细胞(blastodermal cells,BCs)冷冻保存效果,试验在冷冻液中分别添加不同浓度的N-乙酰半胱氨酸(N-acetyl-L-cysteine,NAC)、过氧化氢酶(catalase,CAT)和番茄红素(lycopene,LP)3种抗氧化剂,用胚胎程序冷冻仪冻存BCs,解冻后测定细胞活率(简称"活率"),并于培养24h后测定细胞贴壁率(简称"贴壁率")。结果表明:在活率上,除了0.05mol/L NAC组(76.7%)与800U/mL CAT组(77.3%)极显著低于对照组外(P0.01),其余各组与对照组差异均不显著(P0.05);在贴壁率上,除了800U/mL CAT组(34.2%)极显著低于对照组(P0.01)外,其余试验组均极显著高于对照组(P0.01),其中NAC、CAT与LP的最佳浓度,分别为0.01mol/L(48.3%)、200U/mL(45.4%)与0.05g/L(39.8%)。因此,在冷冻液中添加适量的NAC、CAT或LP,可以提高BCs冷冻保存活率(差异不显著),极显著提高解冻BCs培养24h后的贴壁率。     

冷冻保护剂和胎牛血清对牛成纤维细胞冷冻效果的影响

以甘油与DMSO为冷冻保护剂,添加5%-20%胎牛血清的DMEM为基础冻存液,对鲁西黄牛皮肤成纤维细胞进行冷冻保存,结果表明:①同浓度DMSO为冷冻保护剂效果优于同浓度的甘油(P<0.05),但添加50%血清时并不明显(P>0.05),可能与较高血清浓度有关,血清对冻存细胞的影响高于冷冻保护剂的作用。②血清浓度一定时,DMSO和甘油浓度在10%-15%时,冻存效果较好。③当甘油与DMSO浓度一定时,血清浓度越高冷冻保存效果越好。④甘油与DMSO浓度一定时(DMSO浓度5%除外),添加10%和20%血清效果无差异(P>0.05)。因此,在实际应用中,考虑成本等因素,血清浓度达到10%时就已经能达到一般试验要求。     

昆明小白鼠卵巢玻璃化冷冻的研究

为了探讨小鼠卵巢组织玻璃化冷冻时适宜的平衡时间和冷冻保护剂二甲基亚砜(DMSO)的适宜浓度,试验采用不同平衡时间(10 min、15 min、20 min)及不同浓度(15%、20%、25%)的DMSO作为冷冻保护剂对2月龄昆明小白鼠的卵巢组织进行处理,处理后的卵巢组织采用玻璃化冷冻法进行冷冻,用解剖法采集冷冻解冻后的卵巢卵母细胞,通过对卵母细胞染色及体外成熟培养判定卵巢的冷冻效果。结果表明:以平衡时间为20 min的试验组小鼠卵巢冷冻效果较好,其卵母细胞存活率为65.0%,卵母细胞成熟率为27.4%;DMSO浓度则以20.0%为宜,冷冻解冻后卵巢内卵母细胞染色后存活率为66.7%,体外培养后卵母细胞成熟率为38.3%。     

成年小鼠生精小管及睾丸的冷冻保存

采用含不同浓度抗冻剂二甲基亚砜(DMSO)、乙二醇(EG)、丙二醇(PG)及丙三醇(G)的DMEM培养基作为冻存液,对成年小鼠生精小管及完整睾丸进行慢速冷冻,液氮保存,37 ℃水浴复苏,并测定细胞复苏率。结果表明,成年小鼠生精小管在50 mL/L、100 mL/L 及150 mL/L DMSO冻存液中的细胞复苏率分别为92.6%、93.4%及69.4%,在50 mL/L、100 mL/L及150 mL/L PG 冻存液中的细胞复苏率分别为94.2%,93.3%及66. 9%,在50 mL/L、100 mL/L 及150mL/L EG 冻存液中的细胞复苏率分别为87.2%、91. 0%及62. 6%,在50 mL/L、100mL/L及150 mL/L G冻存液中的细胞复苏率分别为90.0%、90.5%及67.1%。各种抗冻剂的最高细胞复苏率之间差异不显著(P> 0. 05 )。成鼠完整睾丸在含100 mL/LDMSO、PG、EG或G的冻存液中的细胞复苏率分别为56.0%、50.0%、50.2%及50.2%。结果显示,DMSO、PG、EG 及G 均适宜用作成年小鼠生精小管的抗冻剂,最佳使用浓度均为50 mL/L~100 mL/L。完整睾丸冷冻后的细胞复苏率低于60%,仍需进一步研究。     

鸡胚19期原始生殖细胞慢速冷冻和玻璃化冷冻保存的研究

本研究对发育至第19期的鸡胚性腺原始生殖细胞(primordial germ cells，PGCs)分离提纯后，在DMEM中添加冷冻保护剂DMSO（二甲基亚砜）、EG（乙二醇）、蔗糖、PVP（聚乙烯吡咯烷酮）分别组成6种慢速冷冻保护液和6种玻璃化冷冻保护液，进行超低温冷冻保存。复苏后苔盼蓝染色测定细胞存活率，体外接种培养、传代。结果：①慢速冷冻保存中，PGCs在慢速冷冻液V（10％EG+10% FBS+0.1 mol/L蔗糖）条件下复苏后存活率最高（92.20%），且与慢速冷冻液I（10％ DMSO+10% FBS）存活率之间差异显著（P<0.05）。②玻璃化冷冻保存中，PGCs在玻璃化冷冻液I（10% DMSO+10% EG+20% FBS+10% PVP）条件下复苏后存活率最高（84.15%），且与其余5种玻璃化冷冻液下复苏后存活率之间差异均极显著（P<0.01）。③培养传至第3代的慢速冷冻复苏后PGCs细胞和培养传至第2代的玻璃化冷冻复苏后PGCs细胞，PAS染色、AKP染色呈阳性并保持完整的二倍体核型。     

不同冻存液对奶牛乳腺上皮细胞冻存质量的影响

试验旨在探究奶牛乳腺上皮细胞（bovine mammary epithelial cells,BMECs）最佳的冻存液以改善乳腺上皮细胞的冻存质量。BMECs传至第5代后分别加入以下10种不同配方的冻存液。A组：85%DMEM＋10%胎牛血清＋5%DMSO;B组：80%DMEM＋10%胎牛血清＋10%DMSO;C组：75%DMEM＋10%胎牛血清＋15%DMSO;D组：70%DMEM＋10%胎牛血清＋20%DMSO;E组：85%DMEM＋5%胎牛血清＋10%DMSO;F组：75%DMEM＋15%胎牛血清＋10%DMSO;G组：70%DMEM＋20%胎牛血清＋10%DMSO;H组：80%DMEM＋10%胎牛血清＋10%甘油;I组：70%DMEM＋10%胎牛血清＋20%甘油;J组：60%DMEM＋10%胎牛血清＋30%甘油,冻存前统一调整细胞密度到1×106个/mL冻存。分别对复苏后的细胞进行台盼蓝染色计算存活率和PI/Hoechst33258双染计算凋亡率。结果表明,BMECs经不同冻存剂冻存复苏后,细胞活力、形态学及凋亡率表现有所不同,其中B组和G组的活力和24h贴壁率较其他组高,二者的凋亡率较低,二者之间差异无显著性（P〉0.05）;传代后B组细胞的生长状况最好。     

绒山羊皮肤干细胞的初步分离及碱性磷酸酶鉴定

以0.02%胰酶4 ℃过夜消化,分离表皮,37 ℃消化30 min,打成单细胞悬液,经100 μg/mL Ⅳ型胶原处理的培养皿黏附10 min,除掉未黏附的细胞,加入培养基(80% DMEM-F12+20% FBS+氢化可的松(25 μg/mL)+青霉素(100 IU/mL)+链霉素(100 μg/mL)+胰岛素(15 μg/mL)+转铁蛋白+EGF(20 μg/mL))培养24 h,而后将此细胞消化接种到经20 μg/mL丝裂霉素C处理4 h的成年绒山羊成纤维细胞滋养层上,培养2 周后有各种形态的克隆状细胞集落出现,用碱性磷酸酶(AKP)染色呈深黑紫色,初步判断细胞呈阳性。本研究旨在分离绒山羊皮肤干细胞,为研究干细胞分化机制,探索绒毛发育机理,培育高产高质绒毛性状奠定分子育种理论基础。     

不同冷冻液对鸡精原干细胞冷冻-解冻后存活力的影响

采用两步酶解和差异贴壁法分离、纯化鸡精原干细胞(SSCs),比较了6种冷冻保护液对其冷冻保存效果,结果表明:FBS浓度为10%时,10%DMSO与10%甘油解冻后细胞存活率分别为54.05%和37.49%,差异显著(P<0.05);以10%DMSO为冷冻保护剂时,FBS浓度从10%增加到20%,解冻后细胞存活率分别为54.05%和69.06%,差异显著(P<0.05);在冷冻液Ⅰ基础上,添加3种不同浓度的蔗糖溶液,解冻后细胞存活率分别为52.49%、47.65%和51.94%,三者之间差异不显著(P>0.05),且与冷冻液Ⅰ组差异也不显著(P>0.05);将解冻后细胞接种饲养层上培养,除甘油组外,SSCs均能增殖并形成AKP阳性集落,但10%DMSO加上20%FBS组细胞增殖速度和集落数优于其他组合,表明10%DMSO加上20%FBS为鸡SSCs最佳冷冻保护剂。     

Cryopreservation of cat testicular tissues: effects of storage temperature, freezing protocols and cryoprotective agents

Cryopreservation of testicular tissue has become a part of gamete preservation in wild animal post-mortem. Using domestic cats as a model for wild felids, this study aimed to (i) investigate the effect of temperature for testicular tissue storage on sperm quality; (ii) compare efficiency of freezing protocols; and (iii) evaluate properties of cryoprotective agents to protect testicular sperm quality. A pair of testes from each cat (n = 9) was cut into four pieces. Three randomly selected pieces were allocated to be (i) fresh controls; (ii) stored at 4 °C for 24 h; and (iii) stored at room temperature (28 °C) for 24 h. After storage, the testicular tissue from each group was cut into 10 small pieces. One piece was assigned to be a control while the others were assigned to three freezing protocols; -80 °C (n = 3), vitrification (n = 3) or two-step freezing (kept above liquid nitrogen vapour for 10 min and submerged in liquid nitrogen) (n = 3). Each of three pieces was frozen using dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO), ethylene glycol (EG) or DMSO combined with EG. Sperm membrane (SYBR-14/EthD-1) and DNA (acridine orange) integrity were evaluated before and after cryopreservation. The storage of testicular tissue at room temperature decreased the percentage of sperm with intact membrane in fresh tissue (59.5 ± 30.5 vs 87.9 ± 7.0%, p < 0.05). DNA integrity was decreased after 24-h storage either at 4 °C or room temperature (p < 0.05). The two-step freezing resulted in a higher percentage of sperm with intact plasma membrane than the other techniques. Dimethyl sulphoxide, EG and DMSO combined with EG provided similar protection for the sperm membrane and DNA from cryodamages. In conclusion, storage of testicular tissue at 4 °C is necessary to maintain sperm membrane integrity during transportation of tissue for cryopreservation in the freezing laboratory. The results provide information for male gamete rescue in felid particularly when they die unexpectedly in the field where freezing facilities are not well equipped.     

不同冻存液对奶牛乳腺上皮细胞冻存质量的影响

试验旨在探究奶牛乳腺上皮细胞(bovine mammary epithelial cells,BMECs)最佳的冻存液以改善乳腺上皮细胞的冻存质量。BMECs传至第5代后分别加入以下10种不同配方的冻存液。A组:85%DMEM+10%胎牛血清+5%DMSO;B组:80%DMEM+10%胎牛血清+10%DMSO;C组:75%DMEM+10%胎牛血清+15%DMSO;D组:70%DMEM+10%胎牛血清+20%DMSO;E组:85%DMEM+5%胎牛血清+10%DMSO;F组:75%DMEM+15%胎牛血清+10%DMSO;G组:70%DMEM+20%胎牛血清+10%DMSO;H组:80%DMEM+10%胎牛血清+10%甘油;I组:70%DMEM+10%胎牛血清+20%甘油;J组:60%DMEM+10%胎牛血清+30%甘油,冻存前统一调整细胞密度到1×106个/mL冻存。分别对复苏后的细胞进行台盼蓝染色计算存活率和PI/Hoechst33258双染计算凋亡率。结果表明,BMECs经不同冻存剂冻存复苏后,细胞活力、形态学及凋亡率表现有所不同,其中B组和G组的活力和24h贴壁率较其他组高,二者的凋亡率较低,二者之间差异无显著性(P>0.05);传代后B组细胞的生长状况最好。     

Effects of various cryoprotectants on the survival of mouse embryos cryopreserved by the quick freezing method

The effects of concentrations of glycerol, ethylene glycol or dimethylsulphoxide (DMSO) in the presence of either 0.25 M lactose or sucrose on the post-thaw survival of mouse quickly-frozen compacted morulae were studied. In this method, the embryos were directly frozen in liquid nitrogen (LN2) vapor at approximately -170 degrees C for 2 min before being plunged into LN2. High survival rates of frozen-thawed embryos were obtained when the freezing medium contained 3 M ethylene glycol with either 0.25 M lactose or sucrose (76.5 and 70.2%, respectively). When the embryos were frozen in glycerol, significantly high survival was obtained with 3 M glycerol + 0.25 M sucrose (73.5%, P less than 0.001). However, a freezing medium containing DMSO with either sugar gave lower survival rates. At a higher concentration of 4 M, ethylene glycol with 0.25 M lactose gave significantly higher survival rate than glycerol or DMSO (P less than 0.05). Significantly higher rates were obtained at 2 M with all 3 cryoprotectants when the freezing medium contained lactose rather than sucrose (P less than 0.05). This study showed that glycerol and ethylene glycol were effective cryoprotectants in the quick freezing of mouse embryos, while DMSO was less effective. In addition, the protective effects of these cryoprotectants are affected by their concentrations and the type of sugar used.     

Optimization of a protocol for cryopreservation of mouse spermatozoa using cryotubes

The rapid increase in the number of genetically modified mouse strains has produced a high demand for their frozen spermatozoa from laboratories and mouse banking facilities. Historically, plastic straws have been used preferentially as containers for frozen mammalian spermatozoa because spermatozoa frozen in plastic straws have a high survival rate after thawing. However, plastic straws are more fragile and are used less often than the cryotubes used for conventional cell freezing. In this study, we sought to develop a new protocol for sperm freezing using cryotubes as the container to increase the accessibility of mouse sperm cryopreservation. Epididymal spermatozoa were collected from mature ICR or C57BL/6J (B6) males and were suspended in 18% raffinose and 3% skim milk solution. We then optimized the following conditions using the sperm survival rate as an index: 1) distance of cryotubes from the surface of the liquid nitrogen at freezing, 2) volume of the sperm suspension in the cryotube and 3) temperature of warming sperm during thawing. The best result was obtained when cryotubes containing 10 μl of sperm suspension were immersed 1 cm below the surface of the liquid nitrogen and then thawed at 50 C. The fertilization rates using spermatozoa frozen and thawed using this method were 63.1% in ICR mice and 28.2% in B6 mice. The latter rate was increased to 62.3% by adding reduced glutathione to the fertilization medium. After embryo transfer, 68% and 62% of the fertilized oocytes developed into normal offspring in the ICR and B6 strains, respectively. These results show that cryotubes can be used for cryopreservation of mouse spermatozoa under optimized conditions. This protocol is easy and reproducible, and it may be used in laboratories that do not specialize in sperm cryopreservation.     

冷冻速率和解冻温度对猪精液冷冻效果的影响

为优化冷冻和解冻方法,提高冷冻效果,本试验比较了不同冷冻速率(-100 ℃ 10 min、-120 ℃ 10 min、-140 ℃ 10 min)和不同解冻温度(37 ℃ 30 s、45 ℃ 30 s、52 ℃ 30 s、60 ℃ 30 s)对猪精液冷冻效果的影响。结果表明,采用-120 ℃熏蒸10 min,解冻后精子活力为0.36,质膜完整率和顶体完整率也优于其他2组,且差异显著(P<0.05)。采用37 ℃ 30 s方法解冻,精子活力、质膜完整率显著高于其他3组,顶体完整率也高于其他3组,但差异不显著(P>0.05),其畸形率最低和60 ℃ 30 s组差异明显(P<0.05),但与45 ℃ 30 s组和52 ℃ 30 s组差异不显著(P>0.05)。因此,采用-120 ℃平衡10 min冷冻,37 ℃ 30 s水浴解冻方法更为适合0.25 mL细管猪冻精解冻。     

成年小鼠雄性生殖细胞的冷冻保存

在含10％小牛血清（NBS）的DMEM培养基中，分别各添加5％，10％，15％，20％和25％的二甲基亚砜（DMSO）,丙二醇（PG），乙二醇（EG）和甘油（G），对成年小鼠睾丸生殖细胞冷冻保存；复苏后台盼蓝染色测定细胞复苏率。结果显示，5％－25％DMSO冻存液组的细胞复苏率分别为88.5%,88.0%,65.6%及51.3%;5%-25%PG冻存液组的细胞复苏率分别为87.2%,86.4%,79.0%,73.4%及40.1%.;5%-25%EG冻存液组的细胞复苏率分别为6.6%,80.9%,60.8%,51.3%及30.0%;5%-25%G冻存液组的细胞复苏率分别为86．5％，86．3％，65．3％，36．0％及31．4％。其中各抗冻剂5％和10％组的细胞复苏率最高，与15％组相比均存在显著或极显著差异。4种抗冻剂的最高细胞复苏率之间无显著差异。DMSO，PG，EG和G分别冷冻保存成年小鼠睾丸生殖细胞对的最小损失率分别为4．8％，6．1％，6．7％，6．8％。结果表明，采用慢速冷冻时，DMSO，PG，EG及G均适宜用作成年小鼠睾丸生殖细胞的抗冷冻剂，最佳使用含量均为5％－10％。成年小鼠睾丸生殖细胞分别在含5％－10％的DMSO，PG，EG和G的DMEM（含10％NBS）冻存液中，2步慢速降温，液氮储存，37℃水浴复苏，是一种具有较高复苏率的冷冻保存方法。