当"公司+农户"升级为"养猪小区"农户交付押金来打工

最初的"公司 农户"饲养依然是分散的,公司再好的政策也难以执行和监督,因此采用"养猪小区"的方式把分散的农户集中起来,由公司统一管理,保证猪的质量.     

内蒙古宁城集团肉牛产业化经营中的"公司+农户"模式

在肉牛产业化中,种源、牛源、育肥牛生产和饲草料等基地建设的生产链条中,公司是龙头,发挥着科技创新、市场竞争和带动农户作用.笔者从优良种源推广、育肥牛基地专业户的建立方面介绍了"公司+农户"的模式,并分析了基地农户的新增效益.     

浅谈绿色壁垒对"公司+农户"模式的挑战

通过近年来我国农产品屡遭绿色壁垒问题的案例,引发对“公司 农户”农业产业化经营组织模式的思考。主要就农业生产的不确定、契约不完全,信息不对称以及监督成本高昂这四个方面指出改革模式的不足,并在此基础上提出“公司 基地 农户”的模式,及对此组织形式做了简要分析,说明只有当公司和农户利益一致,农户成为基地主体一分子时农产品质量才有保障,绿色壁垒才可以彻底消除,农业生产才能真正得到发展。     

家禽业"公司加农户"模式的工作方向

多年来,"公司+农户"的模式在帮助农民脱贫致富方面带来了显著的社会和经济效益.但在我国加入WTO后,也必须认真对待当前我国家禽业存在的各种问题,重新审视"公司+农户"模式的薄弱环节与不足,进一步改革和完善其运行机制,严格规范生产,加快由数量型向质量型转变的速度,以确保我国家禽业在激烈的国际竞争中能够经得起风浪的冲击,得到健康、稳定的发展.     

《养蜂业面临"缺工"之痛》引起的随想

湖北<楚天都市报>2008年8月21日刊登了一篇<养蜂业面临"缺工"之痛>的报道,说:新洲养蜂业暗含2 500个就业机会,产值高达1.5亿元以上.由于缺乏养蜂农户,新洲一出口型蜂业公司巨大的产能被浪费.2008年8月20日,该公司找到新洲工商部门,寻求养蜂农户.     

波尔山羊推广"六措施"

杭州正兴牧业有限公司1999年9月引进波尔山羊种羊，建立了临安市首个波尔山羊繁育推广中心。该公司以种羊繁育推广，肉羊饲养加工、销售、产业化经营为目标．依托科技扩规模，优化管理强服务。一手抓企业发展．以培育优良的种羊为目标，创建一流种羊场；一手抓肉羊产业发展．以公司加合作社连农户的模式带动农户发展养羊生产．发展农村经济。经过7年多的二工作，     

基于公司加农户的无药残优质肉猪繁育方法

1当前我国养猪业面临的现状1.1我国养猪业的主要目标我国养猪业的主要目标是,数量上要保证供应,质量上在安全的基础上要追求肉质风味优良。效益主要是价格和规模的比拼结果。公司+农户的生产模式可以实现数量的扩展,保证数量的供应;而公司面对市场可以实现质量的控制。将公司和农户、公司和市场两两有     

河南新蔡县"订单养鸡"富农民

新蔡县佛阁寺镇发展“订单养鸡”,使该镇养鸡业获得较大发展。2001年初,佛阁寺镇政府与郑州金海畜禽饲养公司达成协议,以订单的方式与养鸡户建立起合同关系。其具体做法是:农产将9200元钱交给公司,公司供给农户1000只雏鸡,并负责饲料供给、疫病防治,到50天左右鸡出栏时,公司按市场保护价到户收购,并确保每只鸡盈利1.2元以上。同时,该镇积极     

肉仔鸡慢性呼吸道病的控制

中国肉仔鸡大多由农户饲养，“公司加农户”的经营模式给鸡病的控制带来了好处。事实也是这样，近几年来向仔鸡的出栏率与增重水平都有相当大的提高，原因就在于农户有效地使用了公司的技术指导者所制定的免疫用药程序，从而使疫病得到了很好的控制。在这种情况下，作为我们肉仔鸡生产指导者和农户在生产中都感到，慢性呼吸道病已成为影响养鸡效益的主要鸡病。问题是慢性呼吸道病需在饲养过程中认真加以控制，若因农户在环境控制上稍有疏忽，则会使鸡体质下降，引起慢性呼吸道病的病原，即败血霉形体在鸡体内迅速繁殖，当达到一定数量时，就…     

鸡群的免疫方式及免疫时应注意的几个问题

1．模式概况。由公司牵头，在同一产业链基础上，形成公司、园区、农户为一体的生产、经营联盟。其突出优点在于：通过“园区”这一环节，实现了对养殖生产的“八统一”管理，克服了“公司＋农户”模式中因农户分散无法监控的难题，使养殖产品的质量、安全处于全过程可控制状态。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …     

鸡败血支原体垂直传播模式及其阻断方法

以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.