一起猪蓝耳病与局部水肿病混合感染病例的综合诊断与防治

2015年10月山东省聊城市某个体猪场发生一起以保育猪急性死亡为临床特征的疫情,病猪皮肤局部水肿、精神沉郁、食欲不振、发烧、气喘,普通抗生素治疗无效。为明确引起此次疫情的致病病原,并制定针对性的防控措施,我们对该病例进行了综合诊断。根据临床症状、剖检病变、组织病理学变化、病原学检测及细菌分离鉴定结果,最终确诊此次疫情系猪蓝耳病病毒与产志贺毒素大肠杆菌混合感染所致。通过对健康猪群药物保健,调整猪场的猪蓝耳病免疫程序,成功控制了疫情蔓延,减少了经济损失,同时也为猪蓝耳病与局部水肿病混合感染临床病例的诊断与防控提供了新的经验。     

高致病性猪蓝耳病的诊断与防制

2008年1月31日酒泉市畜牧中心接到疫情报告，我市金塔县某猪场发生疑似高致病性猪蓝耳病疫情，我们迅速组织兽医技术人员赶赴发病现场，开展流行病学调查、临床诊断和病理剖检，将所采集的病料送往省动物防疫控制中心进行病原检测。最后确诊为高致病性猪蓝耳病。于是立即将发病地区采取隔离封锁、处理病猪、强化免疫等综合防控措施，很快控制了疫情。现报告如下：     

一例高致病性蓝耳病病毒、圆环病毒2型和副猪嗜血杆菌混合感染的诊断

目前,猪场疫病混合感染的现象普遍存在,给我国养猪业造成了巨大损失。2013年10月,广西省某集约化猪场约6周龄猪群发生以高热、皮肤发绀、呼吸困难、关节炎为主要特征的传染病。根据发病情况、临床症状、剖检变化并结合实验室诊断方法进行综合诊断,最终结果显示,导致该猪场大规模发病并死亡的主要病原包括高致病性猪蓝耳病病毒、猪圆环病毒2型和副猪嗜血杆菌,是典型的混合感染导致大规模发病及死亡的案例。     

宁波地区猪高热症的流行病学调查和主要病因分析

应用ELISA方法对采自41个猪场的病猪及健康猪血清245份进行PRRSV、PCV2、PRV(gpI)、SIV、CSFV抗体检测;采用PCR或RT—PCR方法对31个猪场的79份病料进行猪蓝耳病病毒(PRRSV)、猪瘟病毒(CS-FV)、猪圆环病毒Ⅱ型(PCV2)等3种病毒检测。抗体检测结果表明:疫情发生后发病猪群的PRRS抗体变化最显著,从18.35%上升到65.87%,PCV-2抗体从16.5%上升到33.3%,而SIV、PRV(gpI)基本保持不变,CSF抗体合格率反而下低了28.35%。病毒检测结果表明:疫情发生前后均检测到猪蓝耳病病毒(PRRSV)、猪瘟(CSFV)、猪圆环病毒Ⅱ型(PCV2)病毒,但是疫情发生后病猪PRRS病毒检出率最高,由28.26%上升到69.7%,PCV-2检出率则上升16%,CSFV检出率则基本持平。提示此次疫病是以PRRS和PCV2为主要病原或诱因所致的多病原综合性传染病。     

一例猪蓝耳病与猪圆环病毒病混合感染的诊断报告

2019年河南某猪场暴发了一起以仔猪消瘦,大批死亡为特征的传染病。为了确定致病病原,研究团队对患病猪场进行了流行病学调查,根据临床症状和病理剖检确定了疑似病原,再通过对猪瘟病毒(CSFV)、猪伪狂犬病毒(PRV)、高致病性猪蓝耳病病毒(PRRSV)、猪圆环病毒2型(PCV2)4种疑似病原进行PCR和RT-PCR实验室诊断,最终确诊为猪蓝耳病病毒与猪圆环病毒2型的混合感染。     

一起急性猪瘟并发猪副伤寒病例的综合诊断与防治

2014年8月山东省莱芜市某规模化猪场发生一起以保育猪急性死亡为临床特征的疫情,病猪高热稽留、先便秘后腹泻,普通抗生素治疗无效。为明确引起此次疫情的致病病原,并制定针对性的防控措施,对该病例进行了综合诊断。根据临床症状、剖检病变、组织病理学变化、病毒分离鉴定、分子生物学检查及细菌分离鉴定结果,最终确诊此次疫情系猪瘟病毒与副伤寒沙门氏菌混合感染所致。通过对健康猪群紧急免疫,调整猪场的猪瘟免疫程序,据药敏试验选用敏感药物治疗,成功控制了该场的疫情,减少了经济损失,同时也为猪瘟继发副伤寒感染的临床病例诊断与防控提供了参考。     

高致病性猪蓝耳病的诊断实例

河北省邯郸市某规模化猪场的母猪突然死亡,疑似高致病性猪蓝耳病。通过对该猪场死亡猪只的临床情况调查、剖检症状观察和对无症状猪、发病猪、濒死猪的ELISA抗体检测和病原PCR试验检测,确诊该猪场处于高致病性猪蓝耳病的初发期,并有疫情暴发、流行的风险。经过对该猪场饲养管理水平的改进,年后实现了猪场的高致病性猪蓝耳病净化。     

一起猪蓝耳病与伪狂犬病混合感染的紧急流行病学调查

2017年11月4日起,山东省某猪场部分育肥猪出现咳嗽、气喘、发烧等症状,发病6~7 d后死亡。随后,个别母猪发生流产,哺乳仔猪、保育猪接连出现呼吸道症状并死亡。为探寻可能的发病原因,以便及时提出并采取行之有效的防控措施,开展了紧急流行病学调查。通过现场调查、临床诊断与实验室检测,确定本次疫情系猪蓝耳病病毒与伪狂犬病病毒混合感染所致。调查发现:邻场发病、人员传播、寒冷应激、断奶应激均可能是诱发此次疫情的原因。针对此次疫情,提出全群紧急免疫伪狂犬病疫苗,并配合使用长效土霉素与抗生素进行治疗等建议。养殖户采纳了建议并采取了相应措施,最终疫情得到有效控制。     

一例猪圆环病毒与蓝耳病混合感染分析

近年来猪蓝耳病、圆环病毒感染在我国多数地区时有发生,由于蓝耳病和圆环病毒病均为免疫抑制性疾病,这两种病有重要关联、同时存在的可能性较大。由于二者均可破坏猪体的免疫机能,为其他病毒和细菌的入侵创造了条件,常常导致1头病猪可感染3种以上的病原,一旦混合感染或继发感染,不仅临床难以准确诊断,也会造成较高的死亡率。近期笔者遇到一猪场病猪疑似感冒,后确诊为圆环病毒病与蓝耳病混合感染的病例。     

1例猪腹泻的鉴别诊断

山东省某猪场猪群中发生以腹泻为主要特征的疾病,对发病猪场进行实地走访,观察病猪群的发病症状。取病猪和死亡时间不超过6 h的病猪剖检,观察其病理变化,并采集病猪脏器、排泄物等病料进行细菌学(分离培养、生化试验)和病毒学(实时荧光RT-PCR)检测。结果鉴定该猪场发生的疫情是由猪传染性胃肠炎病毒和猪轮状病毒引起的腹泻,并继发大肠杆菌混合感染。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …     

鸡败血支原体垂直传播模式及其阻断方法

以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.