季节因素和供体年龄对辣椒小孢子培养的影响

以N24为试验材料,在不同季节和植株开花时期进行小孢子培养,研究季节因素和供体年龄对辣椒小孢子培养的影响。结果表明,辣椒小孢子胚性化反应受供体季节因素的影响较大,夏季的胚状体产率是冬季的2.3倍,但褐化率和污染率均较高;供体年龄也是影响辣椒小孢子培养的重要因素,夏季的最佳培养时期为始花15～30d,最高胚状体产率为13.56%,冬季的最佳培养时期为始花45～60d,最高胚状体产率为5.14%。     

辣椒花药开放式培养及不同基因型对花药培养的影响

为了创新花药培养方法,并用于筛选出再生频率较高的辣椒品种,通过改进花蕾灭菌和花药接种方式,以及向NTH培养基中添加抑菌剂,建立了1种辣椒花药开放式培养的方法,具体内容为:对剥去3/4花萼的花蕾灭菌时更易杀死花蕾表面细菌和内生菌;徒手挤压花药降低了对花药的伤害,且花蕾接种速度为镊子夹取处理的2.18倍;添加25 mg/L的氨苄青霉素和25 mg/L的两性霉素B可使花药染菌率降低至1.42%;简化了培养环节,可用于大规模胚状体诱导和双单倍体植株的获得。同时,比较了23个辣椒品种的花药培养效果,筛选到了3个再生频率高的辣椒品种,分别为博辣红牛、H15和辣八螺丝王。     

Somatic embryogenesis in pepper anther culture: The effect of incubation treatments and different media

The frequency of obtained androgenic plants depends highly on the genotype; therefore the low rate of haploid recovery limits the utility of anther culture in pepper breeding. The need for incubation treatment and adequate nutrition media supplemented with plant growth regulators, especially auxins, are suggested as important factors to obtain somatic haploid embryos in pepper anther culture. The effect of three incubation treatments of the androgenic potential in pepper anther culture on MS, N, LS, NN and CP medium are summarised, and the results demonstrate that:

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by incubating treatment in cold conditions (at 7 °C) in darkness for 7 days, and then transferring the explants to light conditions (12-h photoperiod at 25 °C) for 4 weeks, on LS and NN mediums, anthers produced callus;     

Haploid plant production in Zantedeschia aethiopica ‘Hong Gan’ using anther culture

This report describes advances in the anther culture of Zantedeschia aethiopica. Important factors for improvement as compared to the earlier procedure were: (1) using flowers from inflorescences developed at relatively low temperature during winter, (2) high temperature stress treatment at 32 °C for 2 days in the beginning of the culture, (3) use of Gamborg B5 as anther culture medium, and (4) addition of sucrose at high concentration of 8% in the culture medium. Plants were obtained via a callus phase. Frequency of anthers producing calli was around 4–5%. About 87% of the calli gave regenerants, of which 52% were haploid, 36% were diploid and the rest had other ploidy levels. In addition to chromosome counting, cytological examination of the microspore development and amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) analysis of the regenerants showed that haploid as well as diploid plants originated from the microspores. Finally, 12 doubled haploid (DH) plants could be produced from each inflorescence. One quarter of the DHs equaled the original cultivar in growth vigor, while more than one third showed good fertility, indicating that inbreeding depression was not so severe in this heterozygous species. The improved protocol now enables production of sufficient number of DHs for application of haploid technology in genetic improvement and breeding of Z. aethiopica.     

甘肃河西走廊有机生态型无土栽培辣椒不同播期对其产量的影响

通过对酒椒3号等5个辣椒品种与3种不同播期进行组合,采用双因素、单因素随机区组设计试验,探索春、夏茬不同播期对有机生态型无土栽培辣椒产量的影响.研究结果表明,春茬期间,3月21号播种的酒椒3号产量最高;夏茬期间,酒椒3号和陇上椒王产量最高.     

甜椒抗疫病砧木筛选研究

以甜椒品种红苏珊为接穗,以辣椒品种布野丁、格拉夫特和富根卫士为砧木,研究了砧穗亲和性,嫁接对生长发育、疫病抗性和产量品质的影响。研究结果表明,3种砧木品种与接穗的亲和性均较强,成活率达97%以上;与自根苗对照相比,各嫁接苗株高显著降低,单株结果数显著增加;嫁接苗抗疫病效果显著,发病率最高仅为1.39%;3种嫁接苗分别比自根苗增产298.0%、262.9%和292.4%,3种砧木均可在实际生产中推广应用。     

Analysis of the Growth and Yield of Overwintered Onions

The growth of a number of onion cultivars sown on different dates during late summer in several years was assessed by regular sampling. The growth during the winter of five different winter-hardy cultivars was very similar, whereas that of Rijnsburger Bola, a cultivar normally sown in spring, was clearly slower. Sowing date was shown to affect final yield through its effect on overwintering size, which in turn influenced bulb size at harvest, the proportion of plants which bolted and the extent of winter losses. During the winter months the rate of leaf initiation appeared to be decreased to a lesser extent than the growth in dry weight, which itself was decreased less than growth in leaf area. The growth of the winter-hardy cultivars from all sowing dates and seasons was well summarized by a single linear relationship between the logarithm of plant dry weight and the accumulated day-degrees between 6° and 20°C from the day of seedling emergence. Using this relationship together with temperature records from past years it was possible to estimate the best average sowing date and the year-to-year variation in optimum sowing date. This approach may prove useful in predicting optimum sowing dates for other localities from past weather records.     

春季连栋大棚红椒新品种比较试验

为了筛选并推广适合淮安地区春季大棚栽培的优良红椒新品种,在连栋大棚内进行3个红椒品种比较试验,对各品种生物学特性、抗病性、果实商品性和产量等指标进行综合比较。结果表明：红椒215品种早熟,植株矮壮,坐果性强,果色大红,果形顺直,圆整性好,其生长势、抗病性等方面综合表现都非常好,667 m2产量最高,达4 250 kg,且春季栽培中高抗日灼病,适宜在淮安地区进行春季大棚栽培。     

部分鲜食辣椒品种2009年贵州区域试验

以辛香二号作对照,对6个鲜食辣椒品种在贵州9个试点进行田间区域试验,并对参试品种的性状数据进行综合分析。结果表明,有5个品种比对照种增产,增幅达10.03%～32.41%,其中产量差异达极显著水平的品种有4个（长研201,韩玉109,早青109,永利209）,达显著水平的品种有1个（黔椒4号）;有1个品种（新甜椒一号）比对照种（辛香二号）减产10.87%,减产幅度差异达到显著水平。     

海南甜椒新品种比较试验初报

2008-2009年在海南省澄迈县永发镇,进行了甜椒新品种品比试验.对所参试]2个甜椒品种的生育期、抗病性、产量进行调查比较,结果表明,12个品种中,吉星甜椒,国禧205,富贵甜椒产量最高;吉星甜椒,玛丽莲,富贵甜椒抗病性最强;综合性状最优的是吉星甜椒.     

《辣椒花药离体培养》评述

在阅读已有辣椒花药离体培养相关文献的基础上,从影响辣椒花药培养的几个主要因素、再生植株倍性鉴定及植株染色体加倍等方面,总结并评述了最近国外发表的一篇文章《辣椒花药离体培养》,认为该文章概括了目前国外辣椒花药离体培养的现状及存在的问题,具有一定参考价值。     

贵州地方辣椒品种比较试验

以遵椒2号作对照,对7个贵州地方常规干制辣椒品种进行多点比较试验。试验结果表明,有6个品种比对照增产3．01％-37．77％,其中增幅达到显著或极显著水平的品种有4个;有1个品种比对照减产7．38％,减幅差异不显著。其中表现最好的品种是224,不仅产量高,而且稳产性最好,适宜推广种植;其次是204,产量较高。     

樱桃番茄新品种示范与评比试验

为了筛选出适合延庆地区种植的高产、优质、抗性强的设施樱桃番茄新品种,促进品种更新换代,引进了4个樱桃番茄新品种进行春大棚越夏一大茬生产评比试验。结果表明：番茄1843开花、坐果较早, 株高、茎粗生长势较强,成熟果实颜色粉红色、汁液较多、可溶性固形物含量较高,667 m2产量和效益均最高,分别为3 051 kg和13 141元,且抗病性、连续坐果性较强,口感、品质较优,适宜在延庆地区春大棚进行越夏茬栽培种植。     

Production of virus-free plantlets by anther culture of LiliumבEnchantment’

Anthers of the LiliumבEnchantment’, excised at the uninucleate microspore stage, were cultured on MS media containing 6% sucrose with auxin and cytokinin. When anthers were cultured on the medium with 2 mg l⁻¹ picloram and zeatin, 12–86% of them formed nodular calli. Anthers excised from greenhouse- and field-grown plants showed different responses: anthers of greenhouse-grown plants had a significantly higher capability to form callus and regenerate bulblets than those of field-grown plants. In anthers from greenhouse-grown plants, bulblet formation was dependent on the time at which anthers were excised from donor plants: anthers collected from early forced mother-plants had a higher capability of forming bulblet than others. All regenerated plantlets were diploid, which was substantiated by histological observation showing that the anther-derived calli originated from anther wall tissues. Virus tests by ELISA were made for 49 plantlets selected randomly at transplanting: 20 plantlets (41%) were virus-free, and the rest showed positive reactions for lily symptomless virus, cucumber mosaic virus and/or tulip breaking virus.     

辣椒单倍体离体诱导及育种应用

 概括介绍了辣椒单倍体诱导的重要进展,对影响花药和小孢子培养的材料、预处理、培养基种类、离体雄核发育的细胞学标记及过程,以及单倍体诱导技术在辣椒杂交育种中的应用进行了综述。     

柑桔花药中游离脯氨酸含量与花粉育性的关系研究

本研究首次报道柑桔花药中游离脯氨酸含量同花粉育性具有极为密切的关系。采用磺基水杨酸浸提、酸性茚三酮比色法对12个柑桔品种的检测结果表明,不同育性品种间花药游离脯氨酸含量具有极为显著的差异。育性正常型品种花药中游离脯氨酸含量很高,败育型品种其含量极低,部分败育型品种则居于二者之间。相关分析表明,花药游离脯氨酸含量同花粉萌芽率和果实种子数呈极显著正相关。利用花药游离脯氨酸含量作育性指标,对供试柑桔品种进行了育性分类探讨。     

夏季圆球形结球甘蓝品比试验

以夏星、希望、PK80708、PK100201、PK100202为试材,以中甘21为对照,对6个夏季圆球形结球甘蓝品种的生物学、植物学性状及产量等方面进行比较分析。试验结果表明,夏星甘蓝在抗逆性、产量方面表现突出,产量比对照增加20.1%,可以在慈溪地区作为夏甘蓝品种推广种植,希望的产量比对照增加9.9%,可作为配套品种种植。     

新高系梨雄性不育的鉴定

在砂梨( Pyrus pyrifolia Nakai) 中首次发现新高系梨绝大多数品种为雄性不育品种(品系) ,运用5种方法对其进行了鉴定: 形态学观测花药、花粉情况; 花粉离体培养法; 整体染色透明法对花药显微观测; 石蜡切片解剖法对大蕾期花药、花粉囊、花粉显微观测; 田间授粉试验。结果表明: 新高系梨9个品种中除‘早生黄金’梨为雄性可育品种外, 其它8个品种即‘新高’、‘黄金’、‘水晶’、‘荣山’、‘天皇’、‘金秋’、‘晚大新高’、‘农家新高’均无正常花粉或正常花粉极少, 为花粉败育, 属孢子发生性雄性不育类型, 且其雄性不育程度存在一定差异。     

Biomass yield and accumulations of bioactive compounds in red amaranth (Amaranthus tricolor L.) grown under different colored shade polyethylene in spring season

Biomass yield and accumulations of betacyanin, chlorophyll, total polyphenol, and antioxidant activity were evaluated growing red amaranth (Amaranthus tricolor L.) in spring season under five different shades made of white, blue, green, yellow, and black polyethylene, and non-shaded frame. Temperature and light intensity varied significantly (P < 0.05) under the different colored polyethylene shades, and these differences in microclimate are implicated for the variability in growth and accumulations of bioactive compounds. The highest temperature was obtained under the blue polyethylene shade and the plants achieved highest plant height, stem length and leaf number, fresh and dry matter biomass, betacyanins, total polyphenol, and antioxidant activity. The achieved biomass yield and accumulation of bioactive compounds were almost similar to field grown red amaranth in summer season. Blue polyethylene shade has probably ensured the optimum microclimate for growth and development of red amaranth in the studied growing period. Exceptionally the plants grown under green polyethylene shade accumulated highest chlorophyll. Although non-shaded plants received highest sunlight intensity but gave the poor biomass yield as well as accumulated less bioactive compounds than plants grown under blue polyethylene shade due to low air temperature. Thus, the results indicated that blue polyethylene has potentials to increase the yield with health beneficiary bioactive compounds betacyanins, polyphenol and antioxidant activity during the low temperature regime in spring season.     

贵州省干椒新品种区域试验的基因与环境互作分析

为了筛选出适合贵州推广应用的辣椒新品种,采用AMMI模型和双标图分析法,对2015年贵州省干椒区域试验数据进行研究,分析10个辣椒新品种的稳定性及丰产性,以及8个试点的鉴别力和代表性。试验结果表明,黔椒11号产量最高、绥椒2011产量最低、黔椒11号最不稳定、独山线椒2号最稳定,综合品种产量和稳定的指标,遵辣2164属于高产、稳产型品种,适应性广;试点表现上,贵阳试验点区分能力最强,铜仁试验点区分能力最弱,独山试验点代表性最好,综合而言独山试验点是最理想的试验地点。因此,利用AMMI模型和双标图分析法能有效地分析基因与环境的互作效应。