新高系梨雄性不育的鉴定

在砂梨( Pyrus pyrifolia Nakai) 中首次发现新高系梨绝大多数品种为雄性不育品种(品系) ,运用5种方法对其进行了鉴定: 形态学观测花药、花粉情况; 花粉离体培养法; 整体染色透明法对花药显微观测; 石蜡切片解剖法对大蕾期花药、花粉囊、花粉显微观测; 田间授粉试验。结果表明: 新高系梨9个品种中除‘早生黄金’梨为雄性可育品种外, 其它8个品种即‘新高’、‘黄金’、‘水晶’、‘荣山’、‘天皇’、‘金秋’、‘晚大新高’、‘农家新高’均无正常花粉或正常花粉极少, 为花粉败育, 属孢子发生性雄性不育类型, 且其雄性不育程度存在一定差异。

Identification of Male Sterility of Pear Cultivars in Niitaka Line

A large number of Niitaka line cultivars in sand pear(Pyrus pyrifolia Nakai)exhibited male sterility were firstly found.Nine cultivars in Niitaka line were examined by morphologic observation of pollen and anther,pollen culture in vitro,whole stain-chearing technique,paraffin sectioning,and pollination tests.The results indicated that Josengwhangkeum was a male fertile cultivar.All other eight cultivars,Niitaka,WhangKeumBae,Sujeong,Yeongsanbae,Yewang,Jinqiu,Banndainiitaka,and Nokaniitaka,were male sterile cultivars.These plants had abnormal or extremely few normal pollens that resulted from pollen abortion.Male sterile cultivars in Niitaka line were sporogenesis male sterility.The degree of male sterility was different among the cultivars.