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1.
采用常压水蒸气蒸馏法提取粗根茎莎草(Cyperus stoloniferus)的挥发油,经GC-MS分析,从挥发油中鉴定出17种化合物,占总油量的99.66%.其中含量较高的为苯二甲酸(2-乙基-己基)酯(29.39%)、4,4α,5,6,7,8-六氢化-4α,5-二甲基1-3(1-甲基乙基)2(3H)-萘酮(19.48%)、3,5,6,7,8,8a-六氢化-4,8a-二.甲基乙烯基-2(1H)萘酮(16.59%).  相似文献   

2.
北苍术挥发油成分GC-MS分析   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
采用同时蒸馏萃取法提取北苍术中的挥发油,通过GC-MS对其化学成分进行分析。挥发油中含有51个化合物,鉴定出49个。挥发油中呋喃二烯含量最多,其次是马兜铃酮和α-蒎烯。  相似文献   

3.
采用水蒸气蒸馏法提取海南白沙2个不同产地益智(Alpinia oxyphylla)果实的挥发油,并使用气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)联用技术对其进行化学成分分析。结果从2个不同产地益智果实挥发油样品中共鉴定出38个化合物,主要为萜类成分。不同产地益智果实挥发油的主要成分种类比较接近,其中圆柚酮的含量均高于30%。  相似文献   

4.
草豆蔻不同部位挥发油化学成分GC-MS分析   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
采用水蒸汽蒸馏法分别提取草豆蔻种子、果壳和叶的挥发油,并采用GC-MS进行分析.结果表明:从草豆蔻种子、果壳和叶的挥发油中分别鉴定出47、52和61种化合物,占各部位挥发油总量的98.61%、99.26%和97.77%.3者共鉴定出81种化合物,其中有28种化合物是共有成分,21种化合物在草豆蔻挥发油化学成分的研究中尚未见报道.可见草豆蔻不同部位挥发油化学成分存在一定程度的差异,在资源的研究开发中值得重视.  相似文献   

5.
采用常压水蒸气蒸馏法提取柳叶蜡梅茎的挥发油,经GC-MS分析,从挥发油中鉴定出89种化合物,占总油量的84.98%.其中含量较高的成分为亚油酸(11.96%)、棕榈酸(11.38%)、(-)-β-杜松烯(5.10%)、按叶油醇(4.89%)、大根香叶烯D(4.84%)、β-石竹烯(4.16%)、(1α,4aα,8aα)-1,2,4a,5,6,8a-六氢-4,7-二甲基-1-异丙基-萘(2.91%)、樟脑(2.43%)、石竹烯氧化物(2.23%).  相似文献   

6.
为研究木薯茎和叶的挥发油成分,采用气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)联用方法对其化学成分进行分析,鉴定了茎的挥发油中25个成分和叶挥发油中22个成分,分别占总挥发油含量的83.53%和83.46%。其中茎挥发油主要成分为棕榈酸(31.39%)、油酸(8.94%)、亚油酸(5.57%),叶挥发油主要成分为棕榈酸(16.85%)、植醇(15.02%)、异植醇(11.21%)。用滤纸片琼脂扩散法测定茎和叶挥发油的抗金黄色葡萄球菌活性和抗耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌(MASA)活性,结果表明:茎的挥发油具有抗金黄色葡萄球菌活性;叶的挥发油具有抗MASA活性。细胞毒活性结果表明,茎的挥发油对人慢性髓原白血病细胞K562有显著细胞毒活性,其IC50值为7.0μg/mL。  相似文献   

7.
为研究茸果鹧鸪花[Trichilia sinensis Bentv.]叶与根的脂溶性成分,采用气相色谱-质谱联用技术(GC-MS)对其化学成分进行分离分析,通过Nist2008和Wiley275质谱库检索分别鉴定各化学成分;经面积归一化法测定各样品中化学成分的相对百分含量;用滤纸片琼脂扩散法测定其抗菌活性。结果分别从茸果鹧鸪花叶、根的脂溶性成分中分离出22、41个化合物,分别鉴定了其中的20、41个化合物,所鉴定的化合物其相对含量分别占各脂溶性成分总量的86.99%、91.33%。抗菌活性结果表明:其脂溶性成分对金黄色葡萄球菌均有抑制作用。  相似文献   

8.
采用常压水蒸汽蒸馏提取细柄草[Capillipedium parviflorum(R.Br.)Stapf]花序的挥发油,经GC-MS分析,从花序挥发油中鉴定出22种化合物,占总油量的92.75%。其中含量较高的为1-壬烯-4-醇(31.91%)、4-十一烷酮(25.046%)、4-十一醇(11.04%)、2,4-二甲基-3-乙酸戊酯(6.865%)、己酸辛酯(4.867%)、α-杜松醇(3.873%)。  相似文献   

9.
人参挥发油成分的GC-MS分析   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
目的用索氏提取法乙醚提取人参挥发油化学成分的GC-MS分析,确定化学成分的种类及相对含量。方法采用乙醚为溶剂用索氏提取法提取人参中的挥发油(即人参的脂溶性成分),用面积归一化法测定各组分的体积分数,并采取气质联用(GC-MS)对挥发油进行鉴定及含量测定。结果鉴定了71个化合物,主要为脂肪酸和酯、挥发油。结论乙醚提取人参,得到的化合物经知网、万方数据库查询,在人参挥发油中未见报道的有23种。  相似文献   

10.
地锦茎,叶脂肪酸成分研究   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5  
李静  李德坤 《人参研究》2000,12(1):39-40
目的:研究地锦茎、叶的脂肪酸成分及其相对含量。方法:生药用改良脂肪酸甲酯化法制样,含脂肪酸甲酯的正庚烷溶液应用色谱-质谱-计算机取用仪分离鉴定。结果:鉴定出其中5个化合物。结论:用归一化法计算每种化合物的相对含量。其中茎中9,12-十八碳二烯酸含量最高达48.75%,茎中主烷酸高达47.12%。  相似文献   

11.
12.
Summary The effects of the leaves of five plant species, one from each of the generaAmbrosia, Anemone, Eupatorium, Eucalyptus andLantana, on potato tuber moth were investigated under indigenous storage conditions at the Central Potato Research Station, Shillong (1800 m above sea level). Their action was compared with that of a biological insecticide (spores ofBacillus thuringiensis), a chemical insecticide (carbaryl), and an untreated control. The data collected after six months storage on tuber damage, sprout damage and the rotting indicated that the leaves ofLantana aculeata provided most protection to the tubers, reducing damage from over 70% in the check to below 5%, and sprout damage from over 45% to below 3%. Next best wasEucalyptus globulus followed byB. thuringiensis. They may be used on tubers stored for table use or for seed as they had no adverse effect on germination or on the yield of a subsequent crop.  相似文献   

13.
Summary

The efficiency of N fertilizers is usually poor; often less than 50% of the applied N is taken up by the crop. This review focuses on various N fertilizers with respect to the significance of different N loss pathways, namely (i) ammonia volatilization, (ii) dinitrogen and nitrogen oxide emissions, and (iii) nitrate leaching. Further, the significance of biological N immobilization, ammonium fixation and, finally, the impact of nitrate vs. ammonium uptake on crop yield are also discussed. The reviewed literature shows that N fertilizers may differ markedly in their susceptibility to losses. There is, however, considerable scope to improve N efficiency of each N source by proper N management practices.  相似文献   

14.
15.
Summary The in vitro antimicrobial activity of extracts from accessions ofSolanum commersonii Dun. collected in the south of Uruguay was investigated against five microorganisms including the pathogenRalstonia solanacearum. A total of 30 extracts corresponding to organic and aqueous extracts were studied. Interestingly, most of the positive results for growth inhibition were againstR. solanacearum. The extracts were also analyzed for the presence of glycoalkaloids and lectins. Six of the ten aqueous extracts showed lectin presence and a wide variation in the type and amounts of glycoalkaloids, was found. Results indicate that there is no clear relationship between the antimicrobial activity against the five microorganisms screened and the presence or amounts of lectins and glycoalkaloids, traditionally regarded as possible antimicrobial metabolites in theSolanum genus, which indicates the presence of as yet unidentified antimicrobial compounds.  相似文献   

16.
Novel food and non-food uses for sorghum and millets   总被引:4,自引:3,他引:4  
Sorghum and millets have considerable potential in foods and beverages. As they are gluten-free they are suitable for coeliacs. Sorghum is also a potentially important source of nutraceuticals such antioxidant phenolics and cholesterol-lowering waxes. Cakes, cookies, pasta, a parboiled rice-like product and snack foods have been successfully produced from sorghum and, in some cases, millets. Wheat-free sorghum or millet bread remains the main challenge. Additives such as native and pre-gelatinised starches, hydrocolloids, fat, egg and rye pentosans improve bread quality. However, specific volumes are lower than those for wheat bread or gluten-free breads based on pure starches, and in many cases, breads tend to stale faster. Lager and stout beers with sorghum are brewed commercially. Sorghum's high-starch gelatinisation temperature and low beta-amylase activity remain problems with regard to complete substitution of barley malt with sorghum malt . The role of the sorghum endosperm matrix protein and cell wall components in limiting extract is a research focus. Brewing with millets is still at an experimental stage. Sorghum could be important for bioethanol and other bio-industrial products. Bioethanol research has focused on improving the economics of the process through cultivar selection, method development for low-quality grain and pre-processing to recover valuable by-products. Potential by-products such as the kafirin prolamin proteins and the pericarp wax have potential as bioplastic films and coatings for foods, primarily due to their hydrophobicity.  相似文献   

17.
Summary Clones derived from thirty-one different accessions (nineteen of Argentine origin) belonging to eightSolanum species were screened for resistance to infection by potato virus X strain cp (PVX cp) by mechanical inoculation of plantlets that had been micropropagated in vitro. Estimates of PVX multiplication obtained by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay and slot blot nucleic acid hybridization allowed the identification of resistant clones derived from five accessions belonging toS. commersonii S. oplocense, S. sparsipilum andS. tuberosum andigena. Resistant genotypes supported PVX concentrations 5 to 15 times smaller than did the susceptible control cultivar Spunta. Graft inoculation test confirmed the presence of extreme resistance similar to that conferred by the ‘immunity’ gene X1 (also called RXact).  相似文献   

18.
The peer-reviewed marine pharmacology literature from 2009 to 2011 is presented in this review, following the format used in the 1998–2008 reviews of this series. The pharmacology of structurally-characterized compounds isolated from marine animals, algae, fungi and bacteria is discussed in a comprehensive manner. Antibacterial, antifungal, antiprotozoal, antituberculosis, and antiviral pharmacological activities were reported for 102 marine natural products. Additionally, 60 marine compounds were observed to affect the immune and nervous system as well as possess antidiabetic and anti-inflammatory effects. Finally, 68 marine metabolites were shown to interact with a variety of receptors and molecular targets, and thus will probably contribute to multiple pharmacological classes upon further mechanism of action studies. Marine pharmacology during 2009–2011 remained a global enterprise, with researchers from 35 countries, and the United States, contributing to the preclinical pharmacology of 262 marine compounds which are part of the preclinical pharmaceutical pipeline. Continued pharmacological research with marine natural products will contribute to enhance the marine pharmaceutical clinical pipeline, which in 2013 consisted of 17 marine natural products, analogs or derivatives targeting a limited number of disease categories.  相似文献   

19.
Chitosan is considered to be one of the most promising and applicable materials in adsorption applications. The existence of amino and hydroxyl groups in its molecules contributes to many possible adsorption interactions between chitosan and pollutants (dyes, metals, ions, phenols, pharmaceuticals/drugs, pesticides, herbicides, etc.). These functional groups can help in establishing positions for modification. Based on the learning from previously published works in literature, researchers have achieved a modification of chitosan with a number of different functional groups. This work summarizes the published works of the last three years (2012–2014) regarding the modification reactions of chitosans (grafting, cross-linking, etc.) and their application to adsorption of different environmental pollutants (in liquid-phase).  相似文献   

20.
Marine organisms represent an excellent source of innovative compounds that have the potential for the development of new drugs. The pharmacokinetics of marine drugs has attracted increasing interest in recent decades due to its effective and potential contribution to the selection of rational dosage recommendations and the optimal use of the therapeutic arsenal. In general, pharmacokinetics studies how drugs change after administration via the processes of absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME). This review provides a summary of the pharmacokinetics studies of marine-derived active compounds, with a particular focus on their ADME. The pharmacokinetics of compounds derived from algae, crustaceans, sea cucumber, fungus, sea urchins, sponges, mollusks, tunicate, and bryozoan is discussed, and the pharmacokinetics data in human experiments are analyzed. In-depth characterization using pharmacokinetics is useful for obtaining information for understanding the molecular basis of pharmacological activity, for correct doses and treatment schemes selection, and for more effective drug application. Thus, an increase in pharmacokinetic research on marine-derived compounds is expected in the near future.  相似文献   

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