PCR检测猪输血传播病毒Ⅱ型方法的建立及其应用

根据GenBank中猪源输血传播病毒Ⅱ型（Swine torque teno virus genogroupⅡ,TTVⅡ）基因序列设计并合成了1对特异性引物,扩增468bp目的片段。将PCR扩增产物测序,结果与GenBank中猪TTVⅡ型基因序列同源性为95%。利用该方法对猪圆环病毒Ⅱ型、猪细小病毒、猪伪狂犬病病毒、猪链球菌、猪多杀性巴氏杆、猪霍乱沙门菌和大肠杆菌等病原核酸进行扩增,均无条带出现,表明该方法具有较高的特异性。该方法的灵敏性试验表明,最低能检测到10.2pg核酸。利用所建立的PCR方法检测来自我国华南地区192份临床样品,阳性率为21.4%（41/192）。     

猪圆环病毒2型RPA恒温扩增检测方法的建立及初步应用

利用重组酶聚合酶扩增技术(RPA),以猪圆环病毒2型Cap基因的保守序列为靶序列设计并筛选出一组特异性的引物和探针,建立了快速检测猪圆环病毒2型核酸的RPA方法。试验结果表明,该方法特异性强,猪圆环病毒1型(PCV1)、猪伪狂犬病病毒(PRV)、猪细小病病毒(PPV)、猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒(PRRSV)、猪瘟病毒(CSFV)核酸检测结果均为阴性,灵敏性高,最低可检出核酸浓度为0. 87×10-4ng/μL,简单快速,且重复性好。利用所建立的RPA方法对183份临床样品进行检测,结果与实时荧光PCR方法符合率为98. 9%。本研究为猪圆环病毒2型核酸的快速检测提供了一种新方法,尤其适合基层实验室或养猪场的快速检测。     

猪圆环病毒2型地高辛标记探针检测方法的建立与应用

根据GenBank中已发表的猪圆环病毒2型(PCV-2)基因序列,在ORF2内设计1对特异性引物,利用PCR反应扩增出371 bp的核酸片段,回收并纯化PCR产物,用地高辛标记,建立了地高辛标记核酸探针诊断PCV-2的方法。该探针与8个PCV-2重组菌的核酸抽提物均能发生特异性杂交,而与对照猪圆环病毒Ⅰ型(PCV-1)、猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒(PRRSV)、猪细小病毒(PPV)、猪伪狂犬病病毒(PRV)的核酸杂交均为阴性;对PCV-2 DNA的最低检测量为10 pg。     

犬细小病毒荧光定量PCR检测方法的建立与评价

通过序列比对和Blast分析,选定犬细小病毒(Canine parvovirus,CPV)VP2蛋白保守区基因为检测的目的基因,引物采用Primer Premier 5.0软件设计。利用灵敏度较高的TaqMan探针法建立CPV核酸检测方法。通过对标准品的扩增、测序及对标准扩增曲线的绘制,建立CPV核酸检测方法。同时对建立的检测方法进行了检测特异性、灵敏度和重复性分析。将阳性对照标准品进行10倍梯度稀释后可检测到102拷贝/μL样品,表明该检测体系具有较高的检测灵敏度。通过分析表明,本检测方法在用空白对照及类似的猪细小病毒、猪圆环病毒作为扩增对照时,没有发现非特异性产物的产生,表明该体系对于CPV的检测是特异的。通过6次批间重复检测,体系的变异系数小于3%,表明该检测体系具有良好的重复性。     

猪圆环病毒4型实时荧光RAA检测方法的建立

为快速检测猪圆环病毒4型(PCV4),本研究根据PCV4的Cap基因片段保守区设计引物和探针,建立了PCV4重组酶介导核酸等温扩增荧光法(RAA),并应用该方法对40份猪组织样品进行检测。结果表明,该方法可在20 min内,42℃恒温条件下特异性检测出PCV4,以猪圆环病毒2型(PCV2)、猪圆环病毒3型(PCV3)、猪流行性腹泻病毒(PEDV)、猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒(PRRSV)、猪传染性胃肠炎病毒(TGEV)等病毒核酸为模板进行反应的扩增结果均为阴性;最低检出限至7.42×10¹拷贝/μL,灵敏度较高。利用建立的RAA检测方法和常规PCR法分别对猪组织样本进行检测,均未检出,表明当前猪场流行率较低。综上所述,本研究建立的PCV4实时荧光RAA检测方法快速简便、特异性强、灵敏度较高,可应用于PCV4的临床筛查与流行病学研究。     

猪细小病毒2型、3型、6型多重PCR检测方法的建立及初步应用

为建立同时快速检测猪细小病毒2型(PPV2)、猪细小病毒3型(PPV3)、猪细小病毒6型(PPV6)的方法,本研究根据PPV2、PPV3、PPV6各自的NS基因序列设计3对特异性引物,建立了一种能同时检测上述病原的多重PCR方法。结果显示,建立的多重PCR方法对PPV2、PPV3、PPV6的基因组DNA均能有效扩增,对猪圆环病毒2型(PCV2)、猪流行性腹泻病毒(PEDV)、猪繁殖与呼吸综合症病毒(PRRSV)、猪伪狂犬病毒(PRV)、副猪嗜血杆菌(HPS)、猪胸膜肺炎放线杆菌(APP)、日本乙型脑炎病毒(JEV)的核酸均无特异性扩增,特异性较强;对PPV2、PPV3、PPV6的重组质粒最低检测限分别为4.32×10^3拷贝/μL、9.62×10^3拷贝/μL、4.25×10^3拷贝/μL,与其他研究者已建立的单一PCR检测结果一致,敏感性较高。利用本研究建立的多重PCR方法对25份可疑临床样品检测,同时利用文献报道的单一PCR方法检测,二者结果一致。本研究建立的多重PCR方法为检测PPV,及该病的流行病学调查提供了技术支持。     

多重PCR快速检测猪伪狂犬病病毒、猪圆环病毒2型方法的建立

根据GenBank上猪伪狂犬病病毒（PRV）、猪圆环病毒2型（PCV2）的已知序列,利用Primer Premier 5.0及DNAstar软件对上述病毒基因保守区进行引物设计,选出扩增序列为PRV gB基因373 bp、PCV2 ORF2基因430 bp两对引物。在优化单项PCR反应条件基础上,建立了PRV-PCV2两重PCR检测方法。敏感性及特异性试验结果显示,该mPCR对2种病毒的核酸检测可至1.47×10-6~1.62×10-6 ng,而对灭菌双蒸水、猪细小病毒（PPV）猪繁殖与呼吸障碍综合征病毒（PRRSV）、猪瘟病毒（CSFV）多重PCR的扩增结果均为阴性,作为临床上猪伪狂犬病和猪圆环病毒2型感染的病原学快速诊断方法具有可行性。     

应用PCR技术检测伪狂犬病病毒

根据伪狂犬病病毒(PRV)的gE基因序列,设计并合成了一对引物,以闽A株DNA为模板,建立了检测PRV的PCR方法。该方法能从猪细小病毒闽A株和FB株中扩增出一条长度为1 808 bp的片段,对Bartha株、gE-株检测为阴性;而以猪圆环病毒、猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒、猪伪狂犬病病毒、猪瘟病毒和正常细胞的核酸为模板的均为阴性;敏感性试验表明,该体系可检测到10pg的猪细小病毒基因组DNA。表明该方法适用于检测猪伪狂犬病病毒野毒株或非gE基因缺失弱毒株。     

猪圆环病毒2型PCR快速检测方法的建立

根据GenBank公布的猪圆环病毒2型保守序列设计了一对引物,建立了检测猪圆环病毒2型PCR方法,并对其特异性、敏感性进行了研究。该PCR方法对猪圆环病毒2型的扩增结果为阳性,而对对照毒株的扩增结果均为阴性;对猪圆环病毒2型检测的灵敏度为1pg总DNA量。以上结果表明该PCR方法特异性强、敏感性高、简便、快速,可用于猪圆环病毒2型的早期确诊和病毒鉴定。     

猪圆环病毒2型SYBR Green Ⅰ荧光定量PCR检测方法的建立

为了建立猪圆环病毒2型(PCV2)SYBR GreenⅠ荧光定量PCR检测方法,采用PCR扩增PCV2 ORF2基因242 bp片段,并克隆入pMD18-T载体中,以纯化的重组质粒为模板作荧光定量PCR扩增,建立了PCV2荧光定量PCR检测方法,该方法检测灵敏度可达1.2×10~1拷贝/μL,与猪圆环病毒1型(PCV1)、猪瘟病毒(CSFV)、猪蓝耳病病毒(PRRSV)、猪细小病毒(PPV)、猪伪狂犬病病毒(PRV)、乙型脑炎病毒(JEV)核酸均不发生扩增反应,具有很好的特异性和重复性。结果表明:建立的PCV2实时荧光定量PCR检测方法具有特异、敏感、快速、定量、重复性好等优点,可用于临床PCV2的检测。     

白术、微米白术和白术多糖对断奶仔猪生长性能和肠道形态及微生态区系的影响

试验选用96头平均体重14.82 kg左右的杜×长×大断奶仔猪,随机分成4组,每组3栏,每栏8头(公母各半)。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验1、2、3组分别添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖和1%微米白术。试验期30 d。结果表明:在生长性能方面,与对照组相比,1%微米白术添加组可显著提高日增重(P0.05)、降低饲料增重比和腹泻率,而且效果优于1%80目白术组和0.2%白术多糖组,在肠道形态和肠道微生态区系方面,与对照组相比,日粮添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖、1%微米白术均可不同程度的提高十二指肠和空肠的绒毛高度,加深十二指肠和空肠的隐窝深度,并且增加肠道微生态区系的多样性,其中以1%微米白术添加组的效果最佳。     

Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia

Sissay, M.M., Uggla, A. and Waller, P.J., XXXX. Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. Tropical Animal Health and Production, XXXX. A 2-year abattoir survey was carried out to determine the prevalence, abundance and seasonal incidence of gastro-intestinal (GI) nematodes and trematodes (flukes) of sheep and goats in the semi-arid zone of eastern Ethiopia. During May 2003 to April 2005, viscera including liver, lungs and GI tracts were collected from 655 sheep and 632 goats slaughtered at 4 abattoirs located in the towns of Haramaya, Harar, Dire Dawa and Jijiga in eastern Ethiopia. All animals were raised in the farming areas located within the community boundaries for each town. Collected materials were transported within 24 h to the parasitology laboratory of Haramaya University for immediate processing. Thirteen species belonging to 9 genera of GI nematodes (Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus axei, T. colubriformis, T. vitrinus, Nematodirus filicollis, N. spathiger, Oesophagostomum columbianum, O. venulosum, Strongyloides papillosus, Bunostomum trigonocephalum, Trichuris ovis, Cooperia curticei and Chabertia ovina), and 4 species belonging to 3 genera of trematodes (Fasciola hepatica, F. gigantica, Paramphistomum {Calicohoron} microbothrium and Dicrocoelium dendriticum) were recorded in both sheep and goats. All animals in this investigation were infected with multiple species to varying degrees. The mean burdens of adult nematodes were generally moderate in both sheep and goats and showed patterns of seasonal abundance that corresponded with the bi-modal annual rainfall pattern, with highest burdens around the middle of the rainy season. In both sheep and goats there were significant differences in the mean worm burdens and abundance of the different nematode species between the four geographic locations, with worm burdens in the Haramaya and Harar areas greater than those observed in the Dire Dawa and Jijiga locations. Similar seasonal variations were also observed in the prevalence of flukes. But there were no significant differences in the prevalence of each fluke species between the four locations. Overall, the results showed that Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus, Nematodirus, Oesophagostomum, Fasciola and Paramphistomum species were the most abundant helminth parasites of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia.     

Internal Parasites and Haematological Values in Cattle Slaughtered in Buea Subdivision of Cameroon

Tropical Animal Health and Production -     

Phase I evaluation of CCNU (lomustine) in tumor-bearing cats

1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks.     

Chemotaxis of macrophage in inflammation

Our particular attention in this article was given to natural mediators for macrophages isolated from the sites of tissue injury. A number of chemotactic factors, which may satisfy many criteria making them acceptable as inflammatory leucocyte chemotactic factors, has been separated. Among them, our laboratory has isolated three macrophage (monocyte) chemotactic factors (MCF-a, -b and -c). Their purification, characterization and functional specificity are discussed.     

Prevalence of gastric lesions in racing Alaskan sled dogs

Human and equine athletes are reported to have a high prevalence of gastric disease, and anecdotal evidence suggests a similar phenomenon applies to racing sled dogs. To investigate the prevalence of gastric disease in racing sled dogs, we conducted 2 gastroscopy studies on dogs competing in the annual Iditarod Sled Dog Race. A pilot study of dogs that were either dropped from the 2000 Iditarod Sled Dog Race because of illness or that finished the race indicated that, approximately 5 days after competing, 10 of 28 dogs (35%) had endoscopic evidence of gastric ulceration, erosion, or hemorrhage. The next year, an endoscopic study of 73 dogs participating in the 2001 Iditarod race was performed in order to evaluate a larger population of dogs. Data from 70 of these dogs could be used; 34 (48.5%) had ulceration, erosion, gastric hemorrhage, or some combination of these findings. When this group of 70 dogs was compared retrospectively to a control group of 87 dogs presented to the Texas A&M University (TAMU) Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, the Iditarod sled dogs had a significantly higher prevalence (P = .049) of gastric lesions. These findings suggest that, similar to athletes of other species, elite canine athletes have an increased prevalence of gastric disease compared to the canine population at large.     

Y‐chromosomal variation of local goat breeds of Turkey close to the domestication centre

Genetic variations in chromosome Y are enabling researchers to identify paternal lineages, which are informative for introgressions and migrations. In this study, the male‐specific region markers, sex‐determining region‐Y (SRY), amelogenin (AMELY) and zinc finger (ZFY) were analysed in seven Turkish native goat breeds, Angora, Kilis, Hair, Honaml?, Norduz, Gürcü and Abaza. A SNP in the ZFY gene defined a new haplotype Y2C. All domestic haplogroups originate from Capra aegagrus, while the finding of Y1A, Y1B, Y2A and Y2C in 32, 4, 126 and 2 Turkish domestic goats, respectively, appears to indicate a predomestic origin of the major haplotypes. The occurrence of four haplotypes in the Hair goat and, in contrast, a frequency of 96% of Y1A in the Kilis breed illustrate that Y‐chromosomal variants have a more breed‐dependent distribution than mitochondrial or autosomal DNA. This probably reflects male founder effects, but a role in adaptation cannot be excluded.     

Furosemide continuous rate infusion in the horse: evaluation of enhanced efficacy and reduced side effects

Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses.     

Changes in proportion of canine urinary calculi composed of calcium oxalate or struvite in specimens analyzed from 1981 through 2001

The objective of this report was to characterize 20-year changes in proportion of calcium oxalate (CaOx) calculi and struvite calculi in dogs, and associations with breed, age, and sex. In this retrospective study, results of analysis of urinary calculi from dogs were reviewed for specimens received between July 1, 1981, and December 31, 2001. Breed, sex, age, year of submission of the specimen, and mineral type(s) were analyzed statistically. CaOx or Struvite or both were contained in 18,966 of 20,884 (91%) specimens. For both sexes, a 20-year statistically significant increase was observed in the proportion of calculus specimens that contained CaOx. The increase in this proportion was greater in females (1% to 31%) than in males (18% to 82%). From 1998 to 2001, when proportions may have plateaued, the odds of specimens containing CaOx were markedly higher in 18 breeds, markedly lower in 5 breeds, and not significantly different in 13 breeds compared with crossbreds. For both sexes, a 20-year statistically significant decrease was observed in the proportion of calculus specimens that contained struvite. This decrease in proportion was greater for males (79-16%) than for females (97-68%). From 1998 to 2001, when proportions plateaued, the odds of calculi containing struvite were markedly lower in 20 breeds, markedly higher in 1 breed, and not significantly different in 15 breeds when compared with crossbreds. Breed, age, and sex were associated statistically with CaOx or struvite urolithiasis. In conclusion, there appears to have been a long-term increase in the proportion of specimens of canine urinary calculi that contain CaOx as well as a long-term decrease in the proportion of specimens of calculi that contain struvite for both male and female dogs. The rate of change appeared to begin leveling off in the period 1998 to 2001. The recent proportion of dogs with either CaOx- or struvite-associated urolithiasis may depend on breed, age, and sex, and on interactions among these 3 factors.     

Smart Phone Assisted City-scale Wireless Sensor Network Deployment for Transportation System Monitoring

<正>1.INTRODUCTION Ensuring transportation network security is one Of the most daunting challenges confronting homeland security agencies today.Significant research has been dedicated.To model and analyze the vulnerability of transportation systems,while notably fewer studies propose specific strategies for deploying defensive technologies to safeguard these systems.