Smad1基因在敖汉细毛羊发情不同时期卵巢中的表达规律研究

为了探索Smad1 mRNA及其蛋白在敖汉细毛羊不同发情时期卵巢中表达量的变化规律,试验采用实时荧光定量PCR、免疫组化方法分析绵羊不同繁殖状态下(乏情期、发情间期、发情前期、发情期)Smad1基因在卵巢中mRNA表达量的变化规律及卵巢中该基因蛋白的表达,并进行图像分析。结果表明:发情期Smad1基因表达量最高,极显著高于其他三个时期(P0.01);发情前期Smad1基因表达量显著高于乏情期和发情间期(P0.05)。在绵羊不同发情时期Smad1蛋白主要表达于乏情期原始卵泡、次级卵泡的颗粒细胞、发情间期次级卵泡的卵泡膜细胞,在发情前期与发情期卵泡中未见表达。卵巢中Smad1基因可能促进黄体溶解,对卵泡发育、卵子的成熟以及释放起作用,与绵羊发情的启动有一定关系。     

小鼠动情周期与超排效果

通过对25只小鼠用两种阴道涂片方法进行动情周期的观察,筛选出最佳涂片方法观察到的具有明显动情周期变化的小鼠进行超数排卵。根据不同生理周期将小鼠分组,分别为发情期(第1组)、发情后期(第2组)及间情期(第3组),而13只未知周期的小鼠作为对照组,比较各组间超排效果。结果表明:(1)用方法2涂片效果最好,方法2较方法1各时期阴道上皮细胞变化明显,对小鼠正常的生理周期影响相对较小,可观察到小鼠正常动情周期的变化规律。(2)不同生理周期小鼠的超排效果,以间情期可用胚百分率和平均每只小鼠获得胚胎数极显著高于发情期、发情后期及未知周期。     

Smad2基因在敖汉细毛羊不同发情时期卵巢中的表达分析

Smad2基因是Smads蛋白家族的成员之一,Smad家族中的信号分子对绵羊的繁殖、卵泡发育有重要影响。本实验选取24只3~4岁健康空怀敖汉细毛羊,采用荧光定量PCR、蛋白免疫印迹和免疫组织化学技术,测定Smad2基因在绵羊不同发情时期(乏情期、发情间期、发情前期、发情期)的表达量并分析其在卵泡中表达规律。结果表明:Smad2基因m RNA和蛋白均在绵羊发情前期表达量最高,m RNA水平极显著高于乏情期、发情间期和发情期(P0.01);而发情前期蛋白水平极显著高于乏情期和发情期(P0.01),虽高于发情间期,但差异不显著(P0.05);Smad2蛋白主要在卵巢颗粒细胞、卵泡膜细胞以及卵母细胞表达。据此,Smad2基因可能会促进敖汉细毛羊的发情启动。     

SHU 9119对小鼠发情周期中Ghrelin表达的影响

为了研究SHU9119与ghrelin之间的潜在的生理学关系,本试验选择4周龄的C57BL/6小鼠下丘脑和卵巢组织为研究材料,对小鼠发情周期中SHU9119介导的ghrelin mRNA在下丘脑和卵巢部位表达水平进行研究。结果表明,正常生理条件下小鼠间情期下丘脑保持较高水平的ghrelin mRNA表达,而在卵巢内其表达水平相对较低;腹腔注射SHU9119(50μg/kg体重)可极显著抑制下丘脑中ghrelin mRNA的表达(P<0.01),同时显著促进小鼠间情期卵巢Ghrelin mRNA的表达(P<0.05)。然而,SHU9119并未引起小鼠发情前期、发情期和发情后期ghrelin mRNA表达量的显著差异。上述结果表明,SHU9119可能通过MC4R系统调节间情期小鼠ghrelin的变化,而不参与其他性周期ghrelin mRNA表达量的相关调控。     

昆明鼠超数排卵影响因素研究

为探讨昆明鼠超数排卵的最佳条件,提高超排效果,比较促性腺激素使用剂量、孕马血清促性腺激素(PMSG)与人绒毛膜促性腺激素(hCG)注射间隔时间、超排小鼠所处发情周期阶段及小鼠周龄等因素对昆明鼠超数排卵结果的影响。PMSG 8IU+hCG 8IU、间隔46h～48h注射组超排效果最好;3周龄、8周龄～10周龄雌鼠较4周龄～7周龄雌鼠超排效果好,小鼠发情间期或发情前期开始超排的效果显著高于发情周期的其他时期。     

表皮生长因子在雌性哺乳动物生殖过程中的作用

表皮生长因子 (EGF)是表皮生长因子家族成员之一 ,在哺乳动物生殖过程中具有重要的调节作用。在哺乳动物卵巢内有 EGF的表达并调节卵巢的功能活动 ;EGF可促进哺乳动物卵泡发育 ,加速卵母细胞的成熟 ;EGF可促进卵母细胞受精和受精卵发育的能力 ,促进胚泡腔的形成 ;EGF在许多哺乳动物的子宫内均有表达 ,并参与胚胎着床过程的调节。 EGF可能以自分泌或旁分泌的形式参与卵泡发育、卵母细胞成熟、子宫内膜增殖、早期胚胎发育及胚胎着床等过程的调节。文章对 EGF在雌性哺乳动物卵泡发育、卵母细胞成熟、早期胚胎发育、囊胚腔扩展、胚胎着床等过程中的作用进行了概述     

发情周期不同阶段牦牛子宫中黄体生成素受体的表达变化

为研究发情周期不同阶段牦牛子宫中黄体生成索受体(LHR)的定位及表达变化,笔者利用免疫组织化学SP法分别检测发情期、发情后期、间情期和发情前期牦牛子宫中LHR的表达,并进行光密度值分析.结果表明,LHR免疫阳性产物在牦牛子宫腺上皮细胞、基质细胞、血管内皮细胞、血管平滑肌细胞和肌层平滑肌细胞中均有表达;腺上皮细胞、基质细胞和肌层平滑肌细胞中LHR在发情前期和发情期表达最弱,发情后期表达增加,间情期表达最强(P＜0.05);子宫内膜血管平滑肌细胞中LHR的表达在发情期最强,间情期最弱(P＜0.05);血管内皮中LHR在发情期和发情前期表达很强,发情后期和间情期显著下降(P＜0.05).结果表明LHR参与了发情周期不同阶段牦牛子宫功能变化的调控.     

甘加藏羊发情周期血浆FSH和LH的分泌规律

为了研究甘加藏羊发情周期血浆中促卵泡素(FSH)和促黄体素(LH)的分泌变化规律及其与藏羊繁殖力之间的关系,采用酶联免疫分析法(ELISA)测定发情期、发情后期、间情期和发情前期血浆中FSH和LH的含量,并分析其动态变化规律。结果显示,FSH和LH在发情期、发情后期和发情前期的分泌均呈现脉冲式变化,而间情期既有脉冲式分泌又有波动式分泌。FSH和LH在发情周期中先后均出现4个分泌峰,其中FSH和LH的第1个峰分别出现在发情的2h和0h;第2个峰分别出现在72h和69h;第3个峰分别出现在第10天和第9天;第4个峰分别出现在第13天和第12天。FSH和LH的分泌趋势相似,其特点是分泌量先在发情期升高,然后在发情后期和间情期降低,最后在发情前期又升高。结果表明,发情周期不同阶段FSH和LH的分泌方式明显不相同。在发情期和发情后期,FSH出现峰值的时间分别比LH晚2h和晚3h;在间情期和发情前期,FSH出现峰值的时间比LH晚1d,并且FSH和LH形成2个分泌峰的时间间隔不同。     

BAD基因在敖汉细毛羊发情不同时期卵巢表达规律及对生殖激素的影响

本实验研究旨在探究BAD基因在敖汉细毛羊中的不同发情时期卵巢中表达量的变化规律以及对生殖激素的影响,为探讨其与绵羊发情的关系奠定基础。首先利用放射免疫方法测定敖汉细毛羊血液中促卵泡激素(FSH)、促黄体生成素(LH)、雌二醇(E_2)和孕激素(P_4)的浓度,然后利用qRT-PCR检测乏情期、发情前期、发情间期和发情期卵巢BAD基因的表达量变化。结果表明:卵巢中BAD基因在发情前期的表达量极显著高于乏情期、发情期和发情间期(P0.01),在发情期的表达量极显著高于乏情期和发情间期(P0.01),乏情期和发情间期的表达量基本相同(P0.05);E_2和LH浓度在BAD基因表达量最高的发情前期维持较高水平,P_4的浓度维持较低水平。综上可知,BAD基因的表达可能促进了E_2和LH浓度升高,抑制了P_4产生,进而影响细毛羊发情,可为绵羊发情的研究提供借鉴。     

PGF2αeCG及hCG 3种生殖激素联用对母犬发情、卵泡发育及胚胎着床的影响

给休情期性成熟母犬肌注 PGF2α(0 .5 m g/ kg) ,2 4 h后肌注 e CG(5 0 IU/ kg) ,再经 12 0 h后肌注 h CG(2 0 U/ kg) ,诱导其发情。将诱导发情的母犬与公犬交配 ,于交配后 16 d,摘取卵巢、子宫 ,观察其卵泡发育和胚胎着床情况。结果表明 ,药物处理可明显促使母犬提前结束休情期而进入发情期 (9/ 10 ) ,促进卵巢内卵泡发育 (P<0 .0 1) ,并使更多的胚胎着床 ,每只母犬子宫胚胎着床点为 (17.4± 2 .2 )个 ,提示 3种生殖激素联合应用可提高母犬繁殖率     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1983

In late December 1983, 2 800 veterinarians across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of heartworm disease in Canada in 1983 and 26% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 59 504 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 771 dogs (1.30% of those tested) were found with Dirofilaria immitis. Heartworm disease was diagnosed in all provinces except New Brunswick and Newfoundland but most (733) of the cases were in Ontario.

Heartworm disease was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 31% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 64% had a history of not having left Canada. Southwestern Ontario continues to be the focus of the infection and most of the dogs there had not left the province previously.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1985

In late December 1985, 1485 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1985 and 44% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 137,300 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 1210 dogs were found with heartworm. Another 36 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease to give the total number diagnosed in 1985 as 1247 (0.91%).

Heartworm was reported from all provinces except Prince Edward Island, Newfoundland and Saskatchewan but most (1126) of the cases were in Ontario. Southwestern Ontario continued to be the primary focus of the infection in Canada. From Quebec, 91 cases were reported mostly from and around Montreal. From Manitoba, 19 cases were reported from Winnipeg and surrounding areas. Heartworm was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 28% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 78% had a history of not having left Canada.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1988

In late November 1988, 1581 small and mixed animal clinics and institutional veterinarians across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1988, and 46% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 181,577 dogs were blood-tested for heartworm disease and 367 dogs were found with D. immitis microfilariae. Another 60 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease to give the total number of cases diagnosed in 1988 as 441 (0.24%).     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1984

In late December 1984, 1853 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1984 and 35% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 97,794 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 1417 dogs (1.45% of those tested) were found with heartworm. Another 34 dogs were amicrofilaremic, but were diagnosed as having heartworm disease, to give the total number diagnosed in 1984 as 1451 (1.48%). Heartworm was reported from all provinces except Prince Edward Island and Newfoundland but most (1310) of the cases were in Ontario. In Quebec, 126 cases were reported mostly from west of Montreal.

Heartworm was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 27% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 72% had a history of not having left Canada. Southwestern Ontario continued to be the primary focus of the infection.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1991

In late November 1991, 1883 clinics in Canada were sent a questionnaire to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in dogs in 1991 and there was a 60.0% response. There were 344,031 dogs tested for heart-worm (HW), 627 were found infected and the prevalence of HW infection was 0.18%. There were 417 dogs with HW in Ontario, 116 in Manitoba, 38 in Quebec, 53 in British Columbia, three in Alberta, and one in Nova Scotia. In British Columbia, all of the infected dogs but one were from the Okanagan valley which, as from 1991, is a new focus of infection in Canada. Most dogs with HW had not been on preventive medication in 1990, and the prevalence among dogs tested and unprotected was 0.59%. That prevalence was considerably higher in endemic areas. Companion dogs, over three years of age and maintained primarily outdoors in rural areas, were most frequently infected. One cat was diagnosed with D. immitis and 33 dogs had Dipetalonema reconditium.     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1989

In late November 1989, 1732 clinics and institutional veterinarians were sent a questionnaire to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis, and 51.7% responded. Of 247,716 dogs tested, 394 had D. immitis microfilariae and 51 were amicrofilaremic for a total of 445 cases and heartworm prevalence of 0.17%. Most (408) of these dogs had no preventive medication and the prevalence among dogs tested and unprotected was 1.01%. That prevalence was considerably higher in endemic areas. Thirty-seven dogs with heartworm had preventive medication. Heartworm was most frequent in companion dogs over three years of age maintained outdoors in rural areas. About 75% of the cases had never left Canada, 26% had clinical signs and 125 were not treated.

Heartworm was reported from British Columbia, Manitoba, Ontario, Quebec, Nova Scotia and Newfoundland, but 383 cases were in Ontario. South-western Ontario was the primary focus of infection. There were 33 cases in Quebec and 24 in Manitoba, mainly found in and around Metropolitan Montreal and Winnipeg respectively.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1987

In late November 1987, 1246 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1987, and 50% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 165,428 dogs were blood tested for heartworm disease and 511 dogs were found with D. immitis microfilariae. Another 78 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease to give the total number of cases diagnosed in 1987 as 589 (0.35%).     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1986

In late December 1986, 1224 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1986; 46% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 150,989 dogs were blood-tested for microfilariae and 869 dogs were found with heartworm. Another 65 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease and one was found with heartworm at necropsy to give the total number diagnosed in 1986 as 935 (0.62%).

Heartworm was reported from Manitoba, New Brunswick, Ontario and Quebec, but most (810) of the cases were from Ontario. South-western Ontario continued to be the primary focus of the infection in Canada. There were 103 cases reported from Quebec, mostly from and around Montreal, and 21 cases from Manitoba, from Winnipeg and surrounding areas. Heartworm was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 33% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 81% had a history of not having left Canada.