猪圆环病毒2型及其相关性疾病的临床症状与诊断

猪圆环病毒2型(PCV-2)与猪群中发生的许多疾病密切相关,造成断奶仔猪多系统衰竭综合征(PMWS)、猪皮炎与肾病综合征(PDNS)、断奶猪和育肥猪的呼吸道病复合征(PRDC)、幼龄仔猪的先天性震颤等疾病,同时可造成免疫抑制.笔者就猪圆环病毒2型及其相关性疾病的临床症状与诊断进行了阐述.     

猪圆环病毒核酸检测技术研究进展

猪圆环病毒(Porcine Ci rcovirus,PCV)包括PCV1、PCV2和PCV3以及新鉴定的PCV4。其中PCV1无致病性,PCV2主要引起仔猪断奶后多系统衰竭综合征(PMWS)等猪圆环病毒相关疾病,PCV3多见于皮炎肾病综合征(PDNS)和繁殖障碍症状的猪群,PCV4首次鉴定于患有呼吸道症状、肠炎和PDNS的病猪。由于猪圆环病毒通常造成PMWS、PDNS以及PRDC等猪圆环病毒相关疾病,因此,了解这些疾病的临床特征是初步诊断PCV感染的基础。实验室检测方法常作为临床上确诊PCV感染或PCV与其他猪病原体鉴别诊断的有力工具,越来越多的检测方法对临床上检测PCV提供了更多的选择。因此,本文就猪圆环病毒实验室核酸检测方法进行汇总,以期对临床上选择合适的方法检测圆环病毒提供参考。     

猪圆环病毒病的防治

猪圆环病毒病是指一种由猪圆环病毒所引起的哺乳仔猪和育肥猪的临床或亚临床型传染病.对猪圆环病毒的临床症状、病理变化、诊断、治疗及防制措施等进行了概述.     

猪瘟病毒与猪圆环病毒2型混合感染病例的诊断

为查明贵阳市某猪场出现仔猪发病死亡和母猪流产的原因,采集病料进行细菌分离培养、病毒分子生物学检测.结果:病料中检出猪瘟病毒、猪圆环病毒2型核酸,未分离出细菌,结合临床症状、病理变化诊断为猪瘟病毒与猪圆环病毒2型混合感染.     

猪圆环病毒病诊断与综合防控技术

猪圆环病毒病是由猪圆环病毒2型(PCV-2)引起的,以系统功能障碍、免疫力下降为特征的一种传染病,猪是唯一的易感宿主,各年龄段的猪均可感染.我国自2001年发现该病以来,全国各地不同规模化的猪场都在发生该病,给生猪养殖行业造成了巨大的经济损失.文中从猪圆环病毒病的病原、流行特点、临床症状、诊断和防控措施进行阐述,为猪圆环病毒病的综合防治提供一定的参考依据.     

猪圆环病毒2型的诊断及综合防控措施

猪圆环病毒病是由猪圆环病毒2型(PCV2)引起的免疫抑制性疾病,近年来给养猪业带来了巨大的经济损失。断奶仔猪多系统衰竭综合征、猪皮炎与肾病综合征、繁殖障碍疾病、猪呼吸道疾病综合征等与PCV2感染相关。论文就PCV2病原学、流行病学、临床症状及剖检变化、实验室诊断、综合防控措施进行了阐述,为PCV2的防治提供参考。     

一例猪圆环病毒2型和大肠杆菌混合感染的诊断

猪圆环病毒病是由猪圆环病毒2型(PCV2)为主要病原引起仔猪多系统衰竭综合症,以体质下降、呼吸困难、腹泻、消瘦等为主要特征,可导致猪群产生严重免疫抑制,从而继发多种病原继发感染,是当前中国猪群感染最普遍的传染病之一.对某养猪户送检仔猪进行实验室诊断,结合临床症状确诊为猪圆环病毒2型继发大肠杆菌混合感染.     

非典型猪瘟与猪圆环病毒Ⅱ型混合感染的综合诊断及预防措施

非典型猪瘟与猪圆环病毒Ⅱ型混合感染的猪群主要出现以咳嗽、喘气、发热为主要特征的疾病.经流行病学调查、临床症状和实验室诊断,最后确诊为非典型猪瘟与猪网环病毒Ⅱ型的混合感染.     

猪圆环病毒2型感染病例的诊断与防治

正20世纪90年代,世界上许多国家在病猪及一些无明显临床症状的猪体内检测到了一种新型猪圆环病毒(Porcine circovirus type)。该病毒与已知的由PK-15细胞系分离的猪圆环病毒不同。根据对猪的致病性,人们将新出现的与临床疾病相关的猪圆环病毒命名为猪圆环病毒2型(PCV2),无临床致病性的猪圆环病毒命名为猪圆环病毒1型(PCV1)。PCV2感染后会导致断奶仔猪多系统衰竭综合征(PMWS)、猪皮炎肾病综合征(PDNS)、猪呼吸系统混合疾病(PRNC)、猪繁殖障碍征、肉芽肿性肠炎、     

猪圆环病毒Ⅱ型病鉴别诊断技术的研究进展

猪圆环病毒（PCV）属于圆环病毒科,圆环病毒属,是一种无囊膜的二十面体的单链环状DNA病毒,该病毒有两个血清型：猪圆环病毒I型（PCV1）和猪圆环病毒II型（PCV2）。猪圆环病主要是由PCV2引起。本文旨在通过讨论PCV2的临床症状及鉴别诊断方法,为PCV2的现场及实验室鉴定提供理论依据。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …     

鸡败血支原体垂直传播模式及其阻断方法

以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.