地力水平和播期对冬小麦籽粒产量及氮素利用率的影响

以泰农18为试材,在播种密度(基本苗)405.0万株/hm2条件下,研究两个不同地力水平和适度早播(10月1日)、适播(10月8日)和适度晚播(10月15日)对冬小麦籽粒产量和氮素利用率的影响。结果表明:高地力水平下小麦籽粒产量较高但氮素利用率偏低;同地力条件下,适当推迟播期,通过协调单位面积穗数和穗粒数,仍可维持与早播和适播条件下相当水平的籽粒产量;虽然推迟播期降低冬小麦氮素吸收效率,但可提高氮素利用效率,两者互补,所以适当推迟播期氮素利用率仍可维持与早播和适播相当的水平。因此,在不同地力水平下,适当推迟播期可以调控冬小麦冬前群体免受冷害和寒害的影响,维持较高的籽粒产量和氮素利用率。     

不同农田产量水平下养分管理措施对冬小麦产量·养分效率的影响

[目的]为探讨不同养分管理措施对冬小麦产量和养分利用效率的影响。[方法]通过在河北辛集的32点田间试验,对高、中、低不同产量水平下农民习惯养分管理模式与基于养分平衡原理的优化养分管理措施对冬小麦产量和养分利用率的影响进行了探讨。[结果]在不同产量水平下,优化养分处理的籽粒产量、氮素回收率、农学效率和氮肥偏生产率均高于农民习惯处理。随着产量水平的提高,优化处理的小麦产量比农民习惯处理增加的幅度逐渐降低。在所有处理中,氮素回收率、农学效率、氮肥偏生产率和经济效益均以高产水平下的优化养分处理为最高。[结论]基于养分平衡的优化养分管理模式对提高小麦产量和养分利用效率有良好的效果。     

增密减氮对嫩单18产量和氮素利用率的影响

以紧凑耐密型玉米品种嫩单18为试验材料。设置2个种植密度:60 000株/hm~2和75 000株/hm~2;设置4个施氮量:0(N0)、120 kg/hm~2(N1)、240 kg/hm~2(N2)和360 kg/hm~2(N3)。探究栽培密度与氮肥施用水平对耐密型玉米品种嫩单18单株及群体干物质积累特性、氮素转运效率、氮素利用效率、产量及其构成因素的影响。结果表明,同一种植密度条件下,氮肥施用水平对千粒重、穗粒数、产量、花后单株干物质积累量、花后群体干物质积累量和氮素利用率影响显著;增加种植密度,同一施肥水平下嫩单18的千粒重和穗粒数显著降低,花后氮素同化量对子粒的贡献率随着施氮量的增加而减少,营养器官氮素转运量对子粒的贡献率随着施氮量的增加而增加,这与低密度种植情况相反,表明高密度条件下花后营养器官氮素转运量对提高玉米产量的贡献较大。因此,根据品种特性适当增加种植密度、减少氮肥用量能够更好地协调群体与个体间的关系,提高群体的光能和养分利用效率,从而获得更高的产量。综合玉米子粒产量和氮肥利用率,嫩单18的适宜栽培模式为密度75 000株/hm~2、施氮量240 kg/hm~2。     

不同冬小麦品种产量和氮素吸收利用效率差异

【目的】研究新疆南疆不同冬小麦品种产量、氮素吸收利用效率的差异及对氮肥的响应,为小麦氮高效育种、氮高效品种选择及氮肥优化施用提供参考依据。【方法】设置3个施氮量,选择新疆南疆种植12个品种（系）为材料,研究不同氮肥水平下不同小麦品种的产量、氮素积累量、氮素利用率、氮素吸收效率和氮素利用效率等指标差异。【结果】随着施氮量的增加不同品种收获穗数、穗粒数增加,千粒重降低,氮素积累量和产量增加;氮素利用率、氮素吸收效率和氮素利用效率随着施氮量的增加而降低。氮素利用率较高品种为新冬40号,新冬60号,15/6317。氮高效品种达到高氮效率的途径不同,在不施氮（N_o）条件下新冬40号,新冬60号,15/6317氮素利用率高主要是氮素吸收效率和氮素利用效率的共同作用,以氮素利用效率为主;在施氮条件下新冬60号和新冬40号在氮素吸收效率高来自其较高氮素吸收能力,而15/6317氮素利用率较高是氮素吸收效率和氮素利用效率的共同作用。【结论】不同品种达到氮高效的途径不同,针对不同小麦品种的氮素吸收和利用特性进行调控,提高小麦氮素吸收和利用效率。     

密植与氮肥用量对不同耐密型夏玉米品种产量及氮素利用效率的影响

【目的】探究密度与氮肥用量对不同耐密型夏玉米品种籽粒产量及氮素利用效率的影响。【方法】以稀植大穗型品种鲁单981(LD981)和紧凑耐密型品种郑单958(ZD958)为供试材料,设置52 500和82 500株/hm~2两个种植密度,同时设置0、90、180、270和360 kg·hm~(-2) 5个施氮水平,研究密度与氮肥用量对不同耐密型夏玉米品种单株及群体干物质积累特性、氮素转运效率、氮素利用效率、产量及其构成因素的影响。【结果】增加种植密度,相同施氮水平处理的千粒重和穗粒数显著降低,单位面积穗数、空秆率、倒伏率显著提高,不耐密品种空秆率、倒伏率增加更显著。其中,ZD958与LD981各施氮处理的平均千粒重、穗粒数分别降低6.24%、6.77%和7.52%、18.09%,LD981空秆率、倒伏率高达17.0%、27.6%,显著高于ZD958。高密度条件下,籽粒产量随施氮量增加而增加,施氮270和360 kg·hm~(-2)处理的产量差异不显著;低密度条件下,随施氮量增加,籽粒产量先上升后下降,施氮量270 kg·hm~(-2)处理产量达到最大值。增加种植密度,夏玉米单株干物质积累量呈降低趋势,群体干物质积累量呈增加的趋势。随施氮量增加,单株和群体干物质积累量均显著增加,花后干物质贡献率呈上升趋势。相同氮素水平下,高密度处理显著提高夏玉米总氮素积累量、氮素转运量及其对籽粒的贡献率。增加种植密度,ZD958和LD981各施氮处理的平均总氮素积累量、氮肥农学利用率、氮肥利用率分别增加15.94%、39.01%、26.22%和1.96%、5.79%、14.92%。相同种植密度水平下,总氮素积累量和花后氮素同化量随施氮量增加呈上升趋势,而氮肥农学效率、氮肥利用率和氮肥偏生产力呈下降趋势。增加种植密度,营养器官氮素转运量和氮素转运对籽粒的贡献率显著增加。高密度种植条件下,氮素转运效率及贡献率随施氮量增加而增加,而低密度种植条件下,随施氮量增加而降低。【结论】本试验条件下,增密施氮显著提高不同耐密型夏玉米干物质积累量,但密度对籽粒产量的影响,品种间差异显著。增密后,LD981籽粒产量增加不显著,ZD958籽粒产量显著提高。高密度条件下,增加施氮量,不同耐密型玉米籽粒产量均显著增加,而LD981空秆率、倒伏率显著提高,是限制LD981籽粒产量提高的主要原因。增密显著提高不同耐密型玉米氮素利用率,提高营养器官氮素转运量;增加种植密度,ZD958花后氮素同化量增加,LD981则降低。施氮降低了植株氮素利用效率,但可以提高高密度条件下植株氮素吸收量,提高花后氮素同化量。增密与施氮相结合,有利于耐密型玉米产量与氮肥利用率协同提高。综合考虑产量和氮效率两方面,ZD958适宜种植密度为82 500株/hm~2,施氮量为270 kg·hm~(-2);LD981适宜种植密度为52 500株/hm~2,施氮量为180 kg·hm~(-2)。     

推荐关中冬小麦合适的施氮量

<正>以西农979为供试材料,在秸秆还田条件下设置5个不同的冬小麦施氮水平进行田间试验,分析不同处理下冬小麦产量及产量构成因素、收获后土壤硝态氮以及冬小麦子粒蛋白质含量。在秸秆还田条件下随施氮量的增加,冬小麦子粒产量、生物学产量、有效穗数和千粒质量均呈先增后降趋势,子粒产量、生物产量和公顷穗数在施氮262.5千克/公顷达到最大,千粒质量在施氮175千克/公顷达到最大。氮素回收效率、氮肥利用效率均随施氮量的增加而降低,氮素收获指数随施氮量的增加先增后降,在施氮175千克/公顷时达     

雨养和灌水条件下种植密度对冬小麦产量、氮素利用率和水分利用效率的影响

于2015—2016、2016—2017年连续两个小麦生长季,选用大穗型品种泰农18(T18)和中穗型品种山农22(S22)为试验材料,设置雨养(全生育期不灌水)和灌水(每次灌水60 mm)2个灌溉水平,泰农18选用135、270、405、540株·m~(-2)4个种植密度(分别用T135、T270、T405、T540表示),山农22选用90、180、270、360株·m~(-2)4个种植密度(分别用S90、S180、S270、S360表示),研究了雨养与灌水条件下种植密度对冬小麦籽粒产量、氮素利用率及农田耗水特性、水分利用效率的影响。结果表明,在雨养和灌水条件下,随种植密度增加,两品种籽粒产量、氮素利用率、总耗水量和水分利用效率均呈先上升后降低趋势,泰农18和山农22种植密度分别为405、270株·m~(-2)时上述各指标达到最大值,并且种植密度的增产增效效应在雨养和灌水条件下存在显著差异,雨养条件下增加种植密度的增产效应及其对氮素利用率、水分利用效率的提升效应显著高于灌水条件,这与其在雨养条件下干物质提升幅度大(雨养和灌水条件下分别为29.78%和20.42%)、氮素利用效率下降幅度小(雨养和灌水条件下分别为12.90%和17.65%)和耗水增量低(雨养和灌水条件下分别为4.95%和6.74%)有关。两品种冬小麦在雨养条件下基于氮素积累增量、水分消耗增量的密度增产效应亦优于灌水条件,生产中将有限的肥水投入到雨养或节水栽培条件下其增产效应可能更为显著。     

施氮量及密度对膜下滴灌马铃薯氮素吸收与利用的影响

[目的]为了确定膜下滴灌马铃薯生产中适宜的种植密度和合理施氮量,提高氮素利用效率和块茎产量及品质,为膜下滴灌马铃薯生产提供理论和技术指导.[方法]以紫花白为试验材料,设54 000、65 550、77 100株/hm23个密度以及0、142.5、285.0、427.5纯Nkg/hm24种施氮量,采用裂区设计.[结果]在膜下滴灌种植模式下,马铃薯氮素累积吸收量均随着施氮量和种植密度的增加而提高;增加施氮量,AE、RE、PFP均呈现逐渐降低趋势;而适度提高种植密度,RE、AE、PEP均有一定程度的提高;马铃薯块茎产量、淀粉产量与施氮量、氮素累积吸收量和氮素吸收利用率之间存在0.01水平显著的正相关.协同提高氮素累积吸收量和吸收利用率是决定马铃薯块茎产量的关键.[结论]适度提高种植密度且增加施氮量有利于膜下滴灌马铃薯对氮素的吸收量、利用效率,进而有利于提高块茎产量和淀粉产量.在该试验条件下,适宜的种植密度与施氮量组合以77 100或65 550株/hm2、施氮量285 kg/hm2为宜.     

播期和播量对不同类型小麦品种产量及氮素利用效率的影响

在大田条件下,以大穗型品种泰农18和中穗型品种山农15为试材,分别设置三个种植密度、两个播期研究播期和播量对不同类型小麦品种产量构成因素及其氮素利用效率的影响。结果表明:两个品种花前营养器官中贮存的氮素向籽粒中的转运量、转运率和贡献率均随种植密度的增大而增大,随播期的延迟而降低。随种植密度增大,穗粒数、千粒重相应降低,单位面积穗数升高;随播期延迟穗粒数、千粒重则相应升高,单位面积穗数降低。在延迟播期和增加密度的最终影响下籽粒产量显著提高。两个品种的籽粒含氮量随播期的延迟和种植密度的增加而降低,地上部氮素积累量随播期的延迟和种植密度的增加而增加,结果氮素吸收效率和氮素利用效率同步提高。因此,通过适当延迟播期和增加种植密度可以实现籽粒产量和氮素利用效率的协同提高。本试验条件下,泰农18和山农15兼顾高产和氮素利用效率的最适宜播期为10月14日,种植密度(基本苗)分别为405.0、517.5万株/hm2。     

种植密度对晚播冬小麦氮素同化积累分配及利用效率的影响

研究了种植密度对晚播小麦氮素同化积累分配及氮素利用效率的影响。以重穗型冬小麦品种兰考矮早八为材料,在晚播期(10-24—10-26)设低(150万株/hm2)、中(225万株/hm2)、高(300万株/hm2)3个种植密度进行了2年大田试验。传统播期(10-10—10-12)为对照。结果表明,晚播小麦旗叶的硝酸还原酶活性和可溶性蛋白含量显著提高,单茎氮素积累量、营养器官转移氮素对籽粒氮素积累的贡献率以及植株的氮素收获指数和氮素吸收效率均提高,而氮素利用效率和籽粒产量降低。对照播期的低、中密度处理的氮代谢酶活性、氮素积累量和氮素利用效率及籽粒产量较高,而晚播处理则以中、高密度处理较高。不同播期的中密度处理的蛋白质含量和籽粒产量高于其他2个密度处理。因此,晚播条件下兰考矮早八兼顾高产和高效利用氮素的适宜播种密度为225~300万株/hm2。     

Tiller fertility is critical for improving grain yield,photosynthesis, and nitrogen efficiency in wheat

Genetic improvement has promoted wheat’s grain yield and nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) during the past decades. Therefore, the current wheat cultivars exhibit higher grain yield and NUE than previous cultivars in the Yangtze River Basin, China since the 2000s. However, the critical traits and mechanisms of the increased grain yield and NUE remain unknown. This study explores the mechanisms underlying these new cultivars’ increased grain yield and NUE by studying 21 local cultivars cultivated for three growing seasons from 2016 to 2019. Significantly positive correlations were observed between grain yield and NUE in the three years. The cultivars were grouped into high (HH), medium (MM), and low (LL) grain yield and NUE groups. The HH group exhibited significantly high grain yield and NUE. High grain yield was attributed to more effective ears by high tiller fertility and greater single-spike yield by increasing post-anthesis single-stem biomass. Compared to other groups, the HH group demonstrated a longer leaf stay-green ability and a greater flag leaf photosynthetic rate after anthesis. It also showed higher N accumulation at pre-anthesis, which contributed to increasing N accumulation per stem, including stem and leaf sheath, leaf blade, and unit leaf area at pre-anthesis, and promoting N uptake efficiency, the main contribution of high NUE. Moreover, tiller fertility was positively related to N accumulation per stem, N accumulation per unit leaf area, leaf stay-green ability, and flag leaf photosynthetic rate, which indicates that improving tiller fertility promoted N uptake, leaf N accumulation, and photosynthetic ability, thereby achieving synchronous improvements in grain yield and NUE. Therefore, tiller fertility is proposed as an important kernel indicator that can be used in the breeding and management of cultivars to improve agricultural efficiency and sustainability.     

不同施氮水平对良丰优339群体结构、产量和氮素利用率的影响

[目的]研究不同施氮水平对杂交水稻品种良丰优339群体结构、产量及氮素利用率的影响,为良丰优339栽培调控和群体控制提供依据.[方法]采用随机区组设计,设6个不同氮肥施用量处理（0、90、135、180、225、270kg/ha）,调查良丰优339茎蘖动态变化、产量及其结构因子和氮素利用率.[结果]施氮量为90和135 kg/ha时对茎蘖动态控制较合理,氮肥偏生产力（NPFP）、氮素农学利用率（NAE）、氮素生理利用率（NPE）和氮素吸收利用率（NAE）均达到较高水平.在较低施氮水平下,有效穗数随施氮水平的提高而显著增加;在较高施氮水平下,结实率随着施氮水平提高而下降.[结论]良丰优339在低氮条件下即可获得良好的群体结构、产量和较高的氮素利用率,其适宜施氮量为90～135 kg/ha.     

Grain Yield and Nitrogen Use Efficiency of Hybrid Rice in Response to High Plant Density and Nitrogen Rate

Increased plant density with low N rate was a recommended strategy to increase grain yield and N use efficiency (NUE); however, grain yield, NUE and the total N...     

Effects of Enzymes Related to Nitrogen Reuse on Nitrogen Redistribution and Nitrogen Use Efficiency in Brassica napus

目的：探究氮素利用相关酶对油菜中氮素再分配的贡献程度。[方法]采用单株砂培培养,严格控制氮素等营养供应,用15N饲喂追踪,分别测定在蛋白水解酶（PE）、谷氨酰胺合成酶（GS）和谷氨酸合成酶（GOGAT）抑制剂处理的情况下．两个油菜品种氮低效品种6号和氮高效品种2号的产量、籽粒氮素转运和积累量、叶片氮索损失的情况以及氮素利用率。[结果]两品种皆在抑制GOGAT活性时,氮素利用效率最低．产量最少。籽粒中氮素转运比例最低,叶片氮素损失最大,其次为PE,在抑制GS时影响最小。同时发现在生育后期,叶片中积累的氮素接近80％转运出叶片。籽粒中来源于营养器官前期积累的氮素达到50％-70％。两品种油菜呈现相同趋势。品种之间．2号油菜品种的籽粒氮素累积和产量高。氮素损失较少。氮低效品种6号和氮高效品种2号在所有受抑制情况下呈现相同规律。[结论]GOGAT是油菜氮素再利用的关键酶,品种间酶活性不同可能是品种氮素再利用效率不同的重要因素。叶片生育前期积累的氮索主要用于氮素再利用．籽粒中积累的氮素大部分来源于营养器官。     

Integrated management strategy for improving the grain yield and nitrogen-use efficiency of winter wheat

Understanding of how combinations of agronomic options can be used to improve the grain yield and nitrogen use efficiency(NUE) of winter wheat is limited. A three-year experiment involving four integrated management strategies was conducted from 2013 to 2015 in Tai'an, Shandong Province, China, to evaluate changes in grain yield and NUE. The integrated management treatments were as follows: current practice(T1); improvement of current practice(T2); high-yield management(T3), which aimed to maximize grain yield regardless of the cost of resource inputs; and integrated soil and crop system management(T4) with a higher seeding rate, delayed sowing date, and optimized nutrient management. Seeding rates increased by 75 seeds m~(–2) with each treatment from T1(225 seeds m~(–2)) to T4(450 seeds m~(–2)). The sowing dates were delayed from T1(5 th Oct.) to T2 and T3(8 th Oct.), and to T4 treatment(12 th Oct.). T1, T2, T3, and T4 received 315, 210, 315, and 240 kg N ha~(–1), 120, 90, 210 and 120 kg P_2O_5 ha~(–1), 30, 75, 90, and 45 kg K_2O ha~(–1), respectively. The ratio of basal application to topdressing for T1, T2, T3, and T4 was 6:4, 5:5, 4:6, and 4:6, respectively, with the N topdressing applied at regreening for T1 and at jointing stage for T2, T3, and T4. The P fertilizers in all treatments were applied as basal fertilizer. The K fertilizer for T1 and T2 was applied as basal fertilizer while the ratio of basal application to topdressing(at jointing stage) of K fertilizer for both T3 and T4 was 6:4. T1, T2, T3, and T4 were irrigated five, four, four and three times, respectively. Treatment T3 produced the highest grain yield among all treatments over three years and the average yield was 9 277.96 kg ha~(–1). Grain yield averaged across three years with the T4 treatment(8 892.93 kg ha~(–1)) was 95.85% of that with T3 and was 21.72 and 6.10% higher than that with T1(7 305.95 kg ha~(–1)) and T2(8 381.41 kg ha~(–1)), respectively. Treatment T2 produced the highest NUE of all the integrated treatments. The NUE with T4 was 95.36% of that with T2 and was 51.91 and 25.62% higher than that with T1 and T3, respectively. The N uptake efficiency(UPE) averaged across three years with T4 was 50.75 and 16.62% higher than that with T1and T3, respectively. The N utilization efficiency(UTE) averaged across three years with T4 was 7.74% higher than that with T3. The increased UPE with T4 compared with T3 could be attributed mostly to the lower available N in T4, while the increased UTE with T4 was mainly due to the highest N harvest index and low grain N concentration, which consequently led to improved NUE. The net profit for T4 was the highest among four treatments and was 174.94, 22.27, and 28.10% higher than that for T1, T2, and T3, respectively. Therefore, the T4 treatment should be a recommendable management strategy to obtain high grain yield, high NUE, and high economic benefits in the target region, although further improvements of NUE are required.     

Modified fertilization management of summer maize(Zea mays L.) in northern China improves grain yield and efficiency of nitrogen use

Improving the yield of maize grain per unit area is needed to meet the growing demand for it in China, where the availability of fertile land is very limited.Modified fertilization management and planting density are efficient methods for increasing crop yield.Field experiments were designed to investigate the influence of modified fertilization management and planting density on grain yield and nitrogen use efficiency of the popular maize variety Zhengdan 958, in four treatments including local farmer's practice(FP), high-yielding and high efficiency cultivation(HH), super high-yielding cultivation(SH), and the control(CK).Trials were conducted in three locations of the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain in northern China.Compared with FP, SH was clearly able to promote N absorption and dry matter accumulation in post-anthesis, and achieve high yield and N use efficiency by increasing planting density and postponing the supplementary application of fertilizers.However, with an increase in planting density, the demand of N increased along with grain yield.Due to the input of too much N fertilizer, the efficiency of N use in SH was low.Applying less total N, ameliorating cultivation and cropping management practices should be considered as priority strategies to augment production potential and finally achieve synchronization between high yield and high N efficiency in fertile soils.However, in situations where soil fertility is low, achieving high yield and high N use efficiency in maize will likely depend on increased planting density and appropriate application of supplementary fertilizers postpone to the grain-filling stage.     

施肥与种植密度对玉米品种南校969农艺性状及产量的影响

[目的]研究玉米新品种南校969不同种植密度和施肥量对其主要农艺性状和产量的影响,为南校969玉米的高产高效栽培提供提供科学依据.[方法]试验采用二因素裂区设计,设主处理肥料因子为A共4个水平,即A1（纯N321.20 kg/ha、P2O5 107.10 kg/ha、K2O 267.90 kg/ha）、A2（纯N 225.00 kg/ha、P2O5 75.00 kg/ha、K2O 187.50 kg/ha）、A3（纯N 160.65 kg/ha、P2O5 53.55 kg/ha、K2O 133.95 kg/ha）、A4不施肥.设副处理密度因子为B共4个水平,B1：45000株/ha、B2：52500株/ha、B3：60000株/ha、B4：67500株/ha,随机排列,3次重复.测定叶面积指数等玉米主要农艺性状,收获后测定产量.[结果]不同种植密度和施肥量对南校969的产量有显著影响.在A1 ～A4施肥水平范围内,随着施肥量的减少不同种植密度处理的玉米行粒数、千粒重、出籽率逐渐下降,以A2施肥水平的产量最高,为6239.40 kg/ha.种植密度对穗长、穗粗、行粒数、千粒重及产量均有显著影响,穗长、穗粗、穗粒数、千粒重整体上均随着种植密度的增加而降低,产量却随着密度的增加而逐渐增加,当密度为67500株/ha时产量最高,达6484.50 kg/ha.[结论]南校969玉米在种植密度为67500株/ha,施纯N 321.30 kg/ha,P2O5 107.10 kg/ha,K2O 267.90 kg/ha时产量最高.     

土壤肥力和灌水组合对小麦植株-土壤系统氮素平衡的影响

采用15N示踪技术,在池栽群体条件下,研究了三种土壤肥力和两种灌水量组合对冬小麦生产系统氮素平衡的影响,结果表明:(1)不同处理氮肥的当季吸收利用率变化在39.08%￣53.08%,土壤残留率在21.80%￣33.59%之间,损失率变化幅度为18.81%￣34.62%,植株吸收积累氮素中的29.88%￣47.55%来自肥料;证明,采用不同土壤肥力和灌水量组合来调控小麦生产系统的氮素平衡具有较大的空间。(2)随土壤肥力的提高,植株吸收的总氮和土壤氮量显著增加,但营养体滞留量增加,向子粒的分配比例减少;而对肥料氮的吸收量则表现为中肥>高肥>低肥;氮肥损失率表现为低肥>高肥>中肥,残留率无明显变化,说明土壤肥力达到本实验的中等水平后再继续提高,会给肥料氮的吸收利用带来不利影响,但可有效降低对肥料氮的依赖。(3)增加灌水量在不同土壤肥力条件下均可促进对总氮的吸收量,但对土壤氮吸收的促进作用远高于肥料氮,同时也提高了肥料氮的损失率、降低了土壤残留率和向子粒的分配率。(4)提高土壤肥力和增加灌水量均可提高小麦的经济产量、生物产量和土壤A值,降低收获指数;子粒蛋白质含量随肥力的提高而增加,随灌水的增加而下降。