不同冬小麦品种产量和氮素吸收利用效率差异

【目的】研究新疆南疆不同冬小麦品种产量、氮素吸收利用效率的差异及对氮肥的响应,为小麦氮高效育种、氮高效品种选择及氮肥优化施用提供参考依据。【方法】设置3个施氮量,选择新疆南疆种植12个品种（系）为材料,研究不同氮肥水平下不同小麦品种的产量、氮素积累量、氮素利用率、氮素吸收效率和氮素利用效率等指标差异。【结果】随着施氮量的增加不同品种收获穗数、穗粒数增加,千粒重降低,氮素积累量和产量增加;氮素利用率、氮素吸收效率和氮素利用效率随着施氮量的增加而降低。氮素利用率较高品种为新冬40号,新冬60号,15/6317。氮高效品种达到高氮效率的途径不同,在不施氮（N_o）条件下新冬40号,新冬60号,15/6317氮素利用率高主要是氮素吸收效率和氮素利用效率的共同作用,以氮素利用效率为主;在施氮条件下新冬60号和新冬40号在氮素吸收效率高来自其较高氮素吸收能力,而15/6317氮素利用率较高是氮素吸收效率和氮素利用效率的共同作用。【结论】不同品种达到氮高效的途径不同,针对不同小麦品种的氮素吸收和利用特性进行调控,提高小麦氮素吸收和利用效率。

Differences of Grain Yield,Nitrogen Uptake and Utilization Efficiency of Different Wheat Varieties in Southern Xinjiang

【Objective】 To study the difference of yield, N uptake and utilization efficiency and response to N fertilizer among different winter wheat varieties in southern Xinjiang in the hope of providing reference for N efficient breeding, selection of N efficient varieties and optimum application of N fertilizer.【Method】12 varieties（strain） were planted in Southern Xinjiang with 3 N application rates, the yield, nitrogen accumulation, nitrogen use efficiency（NUE）, nitrogen uptake efficiency（UPE） and nitrogen utilization efficiency（UTE） of different wheat varieties under different nitrogen fertilizer levels were studied.【Result】With the increase of nitrogen application amount, the number of panicle and grain per panicle of different cultivars increased, the 1000-grain weight decreased, and the nitrogen accumulation and yield increased. The NUE, UPE and UTE decreased with the increase of N application. Cluster analysis was carried out on the N use efficiency of various varieties at different N levels. The varieties with higher NUE were Xindong 40, Xindong 60, 15/6317. Different nitrogen efficient varieties had different approaches to achieve high NUE. Under the condition of no nitrogen application（N₀）, Xindong 40, Xindong 60 and 15/6317 had high NUE, which was mainly due to the joint effects of UPE and UTE. The high nitrogen absorption efficiency of new winter 60 and 40 under nitrogen application was due to their higher UPE, while 15 / 6317 high nitrogen utilization rate was the common effect of nitrogen absorption efficiency and nitrogen utilization efficiency.【Conclusion】Different varieties have different approaches to achieve high nitrogen efficiency, so it is necessary to regulate and control the nitrogen absorption and utilization characteristics of different wheat varieties, improve the nitrogen absorption and utilization efficiency of wheat, maximize the exploitation and utilization of their high yield and high efficiency potential, thus achieving the increase in yield and efficiency.