关于《饲料添加剂学实验》课程教学改进措施的探讨

实验教学活动是理论教学和实践活动的重要联系过程,在对本科生的教学培养中起着重要的作用。《饲料添加剂学实验》课程是高等农业院校动物科学专业的专业基础实验课程之一,是基于《饲料添加剂学》课程之上的实验课程,具有科学性、创新性、理论性和实践性等诸多特点。本文探讨了《饲料添加剂学实验》课程在教学中所存在的问题,并提出了《饲料添加剂学实验》课程改革的相关措施。     

《饲料学》课程思政教育资源的挖掘与应用

德育教育在高校教育中不可或缺,《饲料学》课程同样肩负着培养合格的社会主义建设者和接班人的任务。笔者挖掘了《饲料学》课程中蕴含的思政教育资源,梳理了课程思政和专业知识的融合点,提出了课程思政教育资源的运用手段及方法,旨在为《饲料学》课程思政的实施和课程教学改革提供思路。     

《饲料学》课程思政元素挖掘与实践

为改善《饲料学》课程的教学效果,从教学内容和教学方式方面进行深入改革,将课程思政元素深度融入《饲料学》课程的教学过程中。在教学过程中,将案例式教学、研讨式教学、情境式教学和参与式教学等教学方式引入课堂教学,并结合《饲料学》课程性质,深度挖掘课程思政元素并将其融入教学环节,做到润物细无声,提升学生的专业知识水平、综合素养和能力和思想政治素养。     

《家畜环境卫生学》课程研究性教学探讨

《家畜环境卫生学》课程的教学过程与畜牧其它专业课程相比存在应用性过重的缺陷,使得教学过程中少有高深、玄妙和新奇的内容,往往是一些畜禽养殖常识的重复表述,学生求知欲没有得到充分的激发,学习积极性不高。针对《家畜环境卫生学》课程的特点和相关的在生产上的应用态势,探讨了在《家畜环境卫生学》课程中开展研究性教学的一些内容、步骤和具体实施方法,为进一步推广《家畜环境卫生学》课程的研究性教学做些铺垫。     

《兽医临床诊断学》课程教学中《兽医药理学》内容的引入与建议

《兽医临床诊断学》和《兽医药理学》是兽医学教学中两门重要的专业基础课程,其核心内容"诊断"与"治疗"在临床实践中紧密相连。为了提高《兽医临床诊断学》课程实践教学效果以及增强学生临床诊治疾病的能力,对《兽医临床诊断学》课程教学中《兽医药理学》内容的引入提出几点建议。     

《羊生产学》课程教学改革与实践

《羊生产学》是动物科学专业的主要课程,是一门理论与实践融会贯通的生产方向类课程。针对该课程教学过程中存在的教学内容涵盖面广、实践性强、学生学习兴趣不高及动手能力较差等问题,从教学内容、教学方法、考试制度等方面入手,对《羊生产学》课程进行了改革和探索。通过教学改革措施的实施,提高了《羊生产学》课程的教学效果和质量,为培育适应现代养羊生产的高素质专业技术人才打下了教学基础。     

《牛生产学》教学存在问题与改革建议

《牛生产学》是我国高等院校动物科学专业开设的必修课之一,与《猪生产学》、《羊生产学》和《家禽生产学》并称动科专业“四大养”,是一门实践性很强的课程。为了转变学生对本门课程的传统认知观念,激发学生的学习兴趣,深入浅出地将书本上的理论知识与牛生产实践紧密地结合在一起,笔者通过近两年的课程教学,尝试了对教学内容、教学手段和考评方式等方面的改革,收到了较好的教学效果,为该课程的教学改革提供了参考价值。     

基于重视实践能力培养的《羊生产学》课程考核改革与实践

结合专业人才培养的要求,对《羊生产学》课程考核中存在的问题进行了总结和分析,提出了《羊生产学》课程考核改革的思路,总结了课程考核改革的一系列具体方法,并进行了课程考核改革与实践。通过《羊生产学》课程考核改革与实践,提高教学质量,为我国畜牧业培养更多的实践型人才,推动我国畜牧业不断向前发展。     

鱼类学实践教学改革与创新

<正>鱼类学是水产养殖学专业必修的学科基础课,在课程体系中占有举足轻重的地位和作用,是学生进一步学习鱼类增养殖学、鱼类生理学、鱼类组织胚胎学、鱼病学、鱼类营养与饲料学等有关专业课程的基础~([1-2])。通过本课程的学习,使学生初步接触科学研究,熟悉鱼体内各系统、外部形态结构组成及功能,掌握鱼类分类的依据、常用分类性状,以及鱼类的生物     

《兽医传染病学》教学改革与探索

《兽医传染病学》是兽医学科学生重要的专业必修课之一。对该课程的教学内容、教学方法、教学手段、实践教学和学生考试等方面进行了改革和探索,将现代教学手段与传统教学方法相结合,提出了比较系统的改革方案。实践证明,激发了学生对《兽医传染病学》课程的兴趣,可充分发挥学生的主观能动性,提高了教学质量,同时解决了《兽医传染病学》课程教学"课时减少"与"内容不断增多"的矛盾。     

饲料企业制度层文化与精神层文化的兼容性研究

企业制度层文化和精神层文化是饲料企业文化的重要组成部分,两者对饲料企业行为层文化和物质层文化具有决定性作用。兼容性是企业制度层文化与精神层文化关系研究中首先要解决的关键问题。文中在对这个问题分析的基础上,进一步使用系统论的方法研究了饲料企业精神层文化与企业制度层文化在兼容情况下与不兼容情况下的关系,并针对处于企业制度层文化和企业精神层文化不兼容状态中的饲料企业,提出了相应的对策建议。     

基于职业能力的宠物文化翻转课堂设计

分析了宠物文化推行翻转课堂的必要性，介绍了宠物文化翻转课堂实施路径，即课前提倡自学为主，创建多元化学习平台；课中基于混合学习，提升翻转课堂质量。并针对宠物文化翻转课堂教学中存在的问题，提出了加强校内在线课程建设及增强课中翻转课堂有效性的具体改进措施。     

The detection of the pathogenicity of Listeria using permanent cell lines as an alternative for animal studies

Culture filtrates of 38 strains of Listeria (L.) monocytogenes and of 4 strains of L. ivanovii were all cytotoxic for the vero cell line. Culture filtrates from 35 strains of L. innocua, 12 strains of L. seeligeri, 5 strains of L. welshimeri and 4 strains of L. grayi showed no cytotoxicity for the continuous cell line vero. The use of continuous cell lines permits to distinguish between pathogenic and non-pathogenic Listeria strains and seems to be a suitable method to replace the mouse pathogenicity test or the fertilized hen's eggs test.     

《现代养殖设施与设备》教材建设探索与实践

针对《现代养殖设施与设备》课程没有规范教材的现状，探索符合人才培养目标和规格、适应市场需求的特色应用型教材建设，为应用型人才培养提供知识载体。并通过进一步实践，为教材的修订完善明确了方向。     

Culture, values and ethics of animal scientists

Ethnicity and culture are defined. Culture is recognized as the shared values and worldview of a race, nation, or professional group. Values are the objectives that matter most to a person or cultural group to which priority of interest is consistently given in time, energy, resources, wealth and education. Ethics defines the moral component of decisions reflecting self-interest or concern about the well-being of others. For professional agricultural scientists Culture, Values and Ethics are closely linked. Their role is evaluated as servants of society, seeking to fulfil the Inalienable Rights of each person as recognised by the Declaration of Independence: Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness.

The cultural assumptions and commonly-held values of agricultural scientists are examined. Links between scientists and business interests mean that the culture and values of commerce inform and steer decisions by the former. The changing culture of Western society is now embracing values beyond cheap food. Radical changes in the culture, values and ethics of animal scientists are needed to match the Rights of all persons in society for their food supply. Disconnection of agricultural scientists from the culture and values of business interests in the food chain is advocated on the lines of the Declaration of Independence.     

A colourimetric, microplate assay for the leucotoxin of Pasteurella haemolytica

Culture supernates of Pasteurella haemolytica, which contain leucotoxin, inhibited the reduction of nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) by bovine and ovine but not rabbit leucocytes in response to phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA). Culture supernates of P. multocida, which contain no leucotoxin, had no inhibitory effect on the response of leucocytes from any species. The inhibition of NBT reduction was assessed visually or spectrophotometrically in the wells of microplates and used as a simple assay for leucotoxin. It was as sensitive as the trypan blue dye-exclusion method and did not require the use of radioisotopes. In addition, sera from P. haemolytica-infected calves inhibited leucotoxin activity in the microplate assay. Thus, inhibition of NBT reduction after stimulation of ruminant leucocytes with PMA can be used as a simple, specific assay for leucotoxin and for anti-leucotoxin antibodies.     

盐胁迫对不同燕麦品种种子萌发和出苗影响的研究

应用培养试验研究了50250 mmol/L NaCl对4个燕麦Avena sativa品种种子萌发的影响,并利用田间试验研究了4个燕麦品种在盐渍土上的出苗及苗期生长情况,旨在为燕麦耐盐性研究和进行耐盐燕麦资源的筛选提供理论依据。结果表明：在50250 mmol/L NaCl浓度范围内,随着盐分浓度的升高,各燕麦品种发芽率、发芽指数、活力指数均下降,其中活力指数对盐分胁迫最敏感;与V-2006、内散2号相比,M-2002和白燕6号种子发芽率、发芽指数、活力指数随盐分浓度升高下降较为缓慢。随NaCl浓度升高,燕麦萌发期间芽和根生长均下降,且对根的抑制作用大于芽。50100 mmol/L NaCl对燕麦根数有一定的增加作用,当NaCl浓度达150 mmol/L以上时,各燕麦品种的根数在NaCl胁迫下开始下降。在盐渍土上,4个燕麦品种出苗率和苗期干质量差异显著,其中M-2002和白燕6号出苗率和干质量显著高于V-2006和内散2号。     

分根装置中丛枝菌根真菌影响蚕豆秸秆降解作用研究

为了研究丛枝菌根对植物凋落物降解的作用,采用四室分根装置即土壤室、根室、菌根室和菌丝室,分室间用37.4 μm尼龙网和有机板分隔,尼龙网袋包埋蚕豆秸秆于不同分室内,以玉米为宿主植物,接种丛枝菌根真菌Glomus mosseae。试验分别在移栽后第20、30、40、50、60 天时取样,通过比较不同分室内在降解过程中土壤中酸性磷酸酶、蛋白酶和过氧化氢酶活性的动态变化、微生物量碳和氮及土壤呼吸的动态变化。研究结果表明:经60 d的培养后,与非根际土壤室(S)相比,根室(R)、菌根室(M)和菌丝室(H)蚕豆秸秆降解量分别提高了15.61%,20.54%和7.74%,降解系数分别提高了25.87%、35.00%和12.17%。M室中土壤酸性磷酸酶、蛋白酶、过氧化氢酶活性较其他三室都有显著提高,同时菌根室(M)和菌丝室的微生物量碳、氮与土壤呼吸作用也显著增加。因此,丛枝菌根真菌和宿主植物形成共生体系后,通过提高土壤酶活性、增加微生物量的大小和活性来作用于蚕豆秸秆的降解过程,成为造成玉米秸秆降解加快的重要原因,这也表明了丛枝菌根真菌土壤碳氮循环中的重要作用。     

Culture of strategically pooled bovine fecal samples as a method to screen herds for paratuberculosis.

Fecal samples from 733 cows in 11 dairy herds with a low prevalence of paratuberculosis were cultured for the presence of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis both individually and after combining (pooling) in groups of 5. The culture procedure was the modified Jorgensen method, which uses NaOH and oxalic acid for decontamination and modified Lowenstein-Jensen agar slants for cultivation. Pooling was performed by mixing fecal samples from 5 animals ordered by age, herein referred to as strategic pooling. Culture of individual fecal samples detected M. a. paratuberculosis infections in 43 of the 733 cows and 7 of 11 infected herds (herd sensitivity = 64%). Culture of pooled fecal samples detected M. a. paratuberculosis in 28 of 151 pooled samples representing 8 of the infected 11 herds (herd sensitivity = 73%). Feces of the 43 culture-positive cows was included in 32 pools: of these 32 pools, 26 were culture positive and 6 were culture negative. In addition to the 26 positive pools containing feces from cows that were found culture positive on individual fecal samples, another 2 pools were culture positive, although comprised of feces from cows with negative results after culture of individual fecal samples. From the total of 45 infected cows that were found (43 by individual fecal culture and an additional 2 by pooled fecal culture), individual fecal culture detected 43 of these 45 (96%), while pooled fecal culture detected 39 (87%). Culture of strategically pooled fecal samples using the modified Jorgensen method was equivalent in herd sensitivity to the culture of individual fecal samples and is significantly less expensive.     

鸭疫里默氏杆菌和大肠杆菌混合感染的诊断

通过对患病鸭群7只病死雏鸭进行了剖检,无菌采取鸭心血、肝脏、脾脏等病变组织,进行病原分离、鉴定,分离到4株鸭疫里默氏杆菌和4株大肠杆菌。初步确定这起雏鸭死亡的原因为鸭疫里默氏杆菌和大肠杆菌混合感染所致。根据流行病学,临床症状,剖检变化,细菌分离培养、培养特性鉴定和生化试验,确诊为鸭疫里默氏杆菌和大肠杆菌混合感染症．制定防治措施。