中药泽漆注射液鸡胚接种抗鸡新城疫病毒研究

用鸡胚培养法和红血球凝集(HA)试验,测定中药泽漆注射液对鸡新城疫病毒的抑制作用.试验共分4组,第Ⅰ组接种病毒尿囊液与中药泽漆混合液,HA滴度为0;第Ⅱ组接种病毒尿囊液与西药金刚烷胺混合液,HA滴度为4loga;第Ⅲ组接种病毒尿囊液与生理盐水混合液,HA滴度为8log2;第Ⅳ组不接种病毒尿囊液,不给药,HA滴度为0.结果表明,中药泽漆注射液对鸡胚无毒性作用.中药泽漆与病毒同时接种鸡胚,能完全抑制鸡新城病毒在鸡胚中增殖.     

中药金丝桃素注射液对鸡新城疫病毒抑制作用研究

用鸡胚培养法和红血球凝集(HA)试验,测定中药金丝桃素注射液对鸡新城疫病毒的抑制作用。试验共分4组,第Ⅰ组接种病毒尿囊液与中药金丝桃素混合液,HA滴度0。第Ⅱ组接种病毒尿囊液与西药金刚烷胺混合液,HA滴度5log2。第Ⅲ组接种病毒尿囊液与生理盐水混合液,HA滴度9log2。第Ⅳ组不接种病毒尿囊液,不给药,HA滴度0。结果表明,中药金丝桃素注射液对鸡胚无毒性作用。中药金丝桃素与病毒同时接种鸡胚,能完全抑制鸡新城病毒在鸡胚中增殖。     

中药"金不换"注射液在鸡胚中对鸡新城疫病毒的抑制试验

用鸡胚培养法和红血球凝集（HA）试验,测定中药“金不换”注射液对鸡新城疫病毒的抑制作用。试验共分4组,第Ⅰ组接种病毒尿囊液与中药金不换混合液,HA滴度0。第Ⅱ组接种病毒尿囊液与西药金刚烷胺混合液,HA滴度3log2。第Ⅲ组接种病毒尿囊液与生理盐水混合液,HA滴度9log2。第Ⅳ组不接种病毒尿囊液,不给药,HA滴度0。结果表明,中药“金不换”注射液对鸡胚无毒性作用,与病毒同时接种鸡胚,能完全抑制鸡新城病毒在鸡胚中增殖。     

中药炎康注射液对伪狂犬病病毒的抑制试验

用鸡胚培养法和红血球凝集(HA)试验,测定中药炎康注射液对伪狂犬病病毒的抑制作用。试验共分4组:第Ⅰ组同时接种病毒尿囊液与中药炎康混合液,HA滴度为0。第Ⅱ组同时接种病毒尿囊液与西药金刚烷胺混合液,HA滴度为4 log2。第Ⅲ组同时接种病毒尿囊液与生理盐水混合液,HA滴度为7 log2。第Ⅳ组不接种病毒尿囊液,不给药,HA滴度为0。结果表明,中药炎康注射液对鸡胚无毒性作用;中药炎康与病毒同时接种鸡胚,能完全抑制伪狂犬病病毒在鸡胚中增殖。     

中药蟾甘口服液鸡胚接种抗鸡新城疫病毒研究

用鸡胚培养法和红血球凝集(HA)试验,测定中药蟾甘口服液对鸡新城疫病毒的抑制作用。试验共分4组,第Ⅰ组接种病毒尿囊液与中药蟾甘口服液混合液,HA滴度0。第Ⅱ组接种病毒尿囊液与西药金刚烷胺混合液,HA滴度5log2。第Ⅲ组接种病毒尿囊液与生理盐水混合液,HA滴度9log2。第Ⅳ组不接种病毒尿囊液,不给药,HA滴度0。结果表明,中药蟾甘口服液对鸡胚无毒性作用。中药蟾甘口服液与病毒同时接种鸡胚,能完全抑制鸡新城病毒在鸡胚中增殖。     

中药虎杖注射液鸡胚接种抗鸡新城疫病毒研究

用鸡胚培养法和红血球凝集(HA)试验,测定中药虎杖注射液对鸡新城疫病毒的抑制作用。试验共4组,第Ⅰ组接种病毒尿囊液与中药虎杖混合液,HA滴度0。第Ⅱ组接种病毒尿囊液与西药金刚烷胺混合液,HA滴度4log2。第Ⅲ组接种病毒尿囊液与生理盐水混合液,HA滴度7log2。第Ⅳ组不接种病毒尿囊液,不给药,HA滴度0。结果表明,中药虎仗注射液对鸡胚无毒性作用。中药虎杖与病毒同时接种鸡胚,能完全抑制鸡新城疫病毒在鸡胚中增殖。     

鸡传染性支气管炎病毒对新城疫病毒的干扰作用观察

为观察鸡传染性支气管炎病毒（IBV）HN99株对新城疫病毒（NDV）增殖的干扰作用,该试验采用不同浓度的IBV标准株M41和地方株HN99与鸡新城疫病毒（NDV）分别按不同接种顺序同胚增殖,利用病毒血凝试验（HA）测定NDV的效价,观察IBV对NDV的干扰作用,从而为检测IBV地方株HN99提供方法,也为同胚增殖两种病毒提供一系列的数据参考。试验结果表明,鸡传染性支气管炎病毒地方株HN99对NDV的干扰作用与其浓度和接种顺序有关。     

鸡新城疫中等毒力毒株的分离鉴定

从山东省某种鸡场分离到1株病毒，经血凝（HA）和血凝抑制（HI)试验证实为新城疫病毒辣。经用SPF鸡胚和SPF鸡测定，该毒株的鸡胚平均致死时间（MDT0为55.2h，1日龄鸡脑内致病指数（ICPI）为0.8,6周龄鸡静脉接种致病指数（IVPI）为0.237,属于中等毒力的毒株，该毒株点眼，滴鼻不引起6周龄SPF雏鸡发病，将其做成灭活油佐剂疫苗，对鸡的保护率为95％，该新城疫毒株可用作疫苗毒株。     

NDV和H9亚型AIV在血凝抑制及混合病毒在鸡胚增殖中的相互干扰

先测定NDV强、弱毒毒株和H9AIV毒株的血凝(HA)效价,并用血清分别作血凝抑制(HI)试验。将测定好的病毒液按不同比例混合,测定HA效价及血清对其抑制效价后接种SPF鸡胚。收获死胚尿囊液后测定HA、HI效价。结果显示,H9AIV和NDV之间存在比较严重的干扰现象。     

中药组方鸡胚接种对鹅副粘病毒的抑制试验

选用中药组方对10日龄鸡胚进行药物毒性试验(第1组)和鹅副粘病毒抑制试验(第2组)。其中,第2组分为试验Ⅰ组(接种病毒尿囊液与中药组方混合液)、试验Ⅱ组(接种病毒尿囊液与西药利巴韦林混合液)、试验Ⅲ组(接种病毒尿囊液与生理盐水混合液)、对照组(不接种病毒尿囊液,不给药),并进行红血球凝集(HA)试验。结果:中药组方接种鸡胚无死亡;试验Ⅰ组HA滴度为0,试验Ⅱ组HA滴度为5 log2,试验Ⅲ组HA滴度为9 log2,对照组HA滴度为0。结果表明:中药组方对鸡胚无毒副作用;中药组方与病毒尿囊液同时接种鸡胚,能完全抑制鹅副粘病毒在鸡胚中增殖。     

白术、微米白术和白术多糖对断奶仔猪生长性能和肠道形态及微生态区系的影响

试验选用96头平均体重14.82 kg左右的杜×长×大断奶仔猪,随机分成4组,每组3栏,每栏8头(公母各半)。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验1、2、3组分别添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖和1%微米白术。试验期30 d。结果表明:在生长性能方面,与对照组相比,1%微米白术添加组可显著提高日增重(P0.05)、降低饲料增重比和腹泻率,而且效果优于1%80目白术组和0.2%白术多糖组,在肠道形态和肠道微生态区系方面,与对照组相比,日粮添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖、1%微米白术均可不同程度的提高十二指肠和空肠的绒毛高度,加深十二指肠和空肠的隐窝深度,并且增加肠道微生态区系的多样性,其中以1%微米白术添加组的效果最佳。     

Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia

Sissay, M.M., Uggla, A. and Waller, P.J., XXXX. Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. Tropical Animal Health and Production, XXXX. A 2-year abattoir survey was carried out to determine the prevalence, abundance and seasonal incidence of gastro-intestinal (GI) nematodes and trematodes (flukes) of sheep and goats in the semi-arid zone of eastern Ethiopia. During May 2003 to April 2005, viscera including liver, lungs and GI tracts were collected from 655 sheep and 632 goats slaughtered at 4 abattoirs located in the towns of Haramaya, Harar, Dire Dawa and Jijiga in eastern Ethiopia. All animals were raised in the farming areas located within the community boundaries for each town. Collected materials were transported within 24 h to the parasitology laboratory of Haramaya University for immediate processing. Thirteen species belonging to 9 genera of GI nematodes (Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus axei, T. colubriformis, T. vitrinus, Nematodirus filicollis, N. spathiger, Oesophagostomum columbianum, O. venulosum, Strongyloides papillosus, Bunostomum trigonocephalum, Trichuris ovis, Cooperia curticei and Chabertia ovina), and 4 species belonging to 3 genera of trematodes (Fasciola hepatica, F. gigantica, Paramphistomum {Calicohoron} microbothrium and Dicrocoelium dendriticum) were recorded in both sheep and goats. All animals in this investigation were infected with multiple species to varying degrees. The mean burdens of adult nematodes were generally moderate in both sheep and goats and showed patterns of seasonal abundance that corresponded with the bi-modal annual rainfall pattern, with highest burdens around the middle of the rainy season. In both sheep and goats there were significant differences in the mean worm burdens and abundance of the different nematode species between the four geographic locations, with worm burdens in the Haramaya and Harar areas greater than those observed in the Dire Dawa and Jijiga locations. Similar seasonal variations were also observed in the prevalence of flukes. But there were no significant differences in the prevalence of each fluke species between the four locations. Overall, the results showed that Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus, Nematodirus, Oesophagostomum, Fasciola and Paramphistomum species were the most abundant helminth parasites of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia.     

Internal Parasites and Haematological Values in Cattle Slaughtered in Buea Subdivision of Cameroon

Tropical Animal Health and Production -     

Phase I evaluation of CCNU (lomustine) in tumor-bearing cats

1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks.     

Chemotaxis of macrophage in inflammation

Our particular attention in this article was given to natural mediators for macrophages isolated from the sites of tissue injury. A number of chemotactic factors, which may satisfy many criteria making them acceptable as inflammatory leucocyte chemotactic factors, has been separated. Among them, our laboratory has isolated three macrophage (monocyte) chemotactic factors (MCF-a, -b and -c). Their purification, characterization and functional specificity are discussed.     

Prevalence of gastric lesions in racing Alaskan sled dogs

Human and equine athletes are reported to have a high prevalence of gastric disease, and anecdotal evidence suggests a similar phenomenon applies to racing sled dogs. To investigate the prevalence of gastric disease in racing sled dogs, we conducted 2 gastroscopy studies on dogs competing in the annual Iditarod Sled Dog Race. A pilot study of dogs that were either dropped from the 2000 Iditarod Sled Dog Race because of illness or that finished the race indicated that, approximately 5 days after competing, 10 of 28 dogs (35%) had endoscopic evidence of gastric ulceration, erosion, or hemorrhage. The next year, an endoscopic study of 73 dogs participating in the 2001 Iditarod race was performed in order to evaluate a larger population of dogs. Data from 70 of these dogs could be used; 34 (48.5%) had ulceration, erosion, gastric hemorrhage, or some combination of these findings. When this group of 70 dogs was compared retrospectively to a control group of 87 dogs presented to the Texas A&M University (TAMU) Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, the Iditarod sled dogs had a significantly higher prevalence (P = .049) of gastric lesions. These findings suggest that, similar to athletes of other species, elite canine athletes have an increased prevalence of gastric disease compared to the canine population at large.     

Y‐chromosomal variation of local goat breeds of Turkey close to the domestication centre

Genetic variations in chromosome Y are enabling researchers to identify paternal lineages, which are informative for introgressions and migrations. In this study, the male‐specific region markers, sex‐determining region‐Y (SRY), amelogenin (AMELY) and zinc finger (ZFY) were analysed in seven Turkish native goat breeds, Angora, Kilis, Hair, Honaml?, Norduz, Gürcü and Abaza. A SNP in the ZFY gene defined a new haplotype Y2C. All domestic haplogroups originate from Capra aegagrus, while the finding of Y1A, Y1B, Y2A and Y2C in 32, 4, 126 and 2 Turkish domestic goats, respectively, appears to indicate a predomestic origin of the major haplotypes. The occurrence of four haplotypes in the Hair goat and, in contrast, a frequency of 96% of Y1A in the Kilis breed illustrate that Y‐chromosomal variants have a more breed‐dependent distribution than mitochondrial or autosomal DNA. This probably reflects male founder effects, but a role in adaptation cannot be excluded.     

Furosemide continuous rate infusion in the horse: evaluation of enhanced efficacy and reduced side effects

Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses.     

Changes in proportion of canine urinary calculi composed of calcium oxalate or struvite in specimens analyzed from 1981 through 2001

The objective of this report was to characterize 20-year changes in proportion of calcium oxalate (CaOx) calculi and struvite calculi in dogs, and associations with breed, age, and sex. In this retrospective study, results of analysis of urinary calculi from dogs were reviewed for specimens received between July 1, 1981, and December 31, 2001. Breed, sex, age, year of submission of the specimen, and mineral type(s) were analyzed statistically. CaOx or Struvite or both were contained in 18,966 of 20,884 (91%) specimens. For both sexes, a 20-year statistically significant increase was observed in the proportion of calculus specimens that contained CaOx. The increase in this proportion was greater in females (1% to 31%) than in males (18% to 82%). From 1998 to 2001, when proportions may have plateaued, the odds of specimens containing CaOx were markedly higher in 18 breeds, markedly lower in 5 breeds, and not significantly different in 13 breeds compared with crossbreds. For both sexes, a 20-year statistically significant decrease was observed in the proportion of calculus specimens that contained struvite. This decrease in proportion was greater for males (79-16%) than for females (97-68%). From 1998 to 2001, when proportions plateaued, the odds of calculi containing struvite were markedly lower in 20 breeds, markedly higher in 1 breed, and not significantly different in 15 breeds when compared with crossbreds. Breed, age, and sex were associated statistically with CaOx or struvite urolithiasis. In conclusion, there appears to have been a long-term increase in the proportion of specimens of canine urinary calculi that contain CaOx as well as a long-term decrease in the proportion of specimens of calculi that contain struvite for both male and female dogs. The rate of change appeared to begin leveling off in the period 1998 to 2001. The recent proportion of dogs with either CaOx- or struvite-associated urolithiasis may depend on breed, age, and sex, and on interactions among these 3 factors.     

Smart Phone Assisted City-scale Wireless Sensor Network Deployment for Transportation System Monitoring

<正>1.INTRODUCTION Ensuring transportation network security is one Of the most daunting challenges confronting homeland security agencies today.Significant research has been dedicated.To model and analyze the vulnerability of transportation systems,while notably fewer studies propose specific strategies for deploying defensive technologies to safeguard these systems.