石嘴山市畜禽良种工程建设浅议

改革开放以来,特别是社会主义市场经济确立以后,石嘴山市畜牧业生产取得了长足发展,畜牧业已成为农村经济中重要的支柱产业。随着畜牧业经济进入新的历史时期,对畜禽品种质量的要求日益提高,畜禽良种化程度已成为畜牧业发展的重要标志。建立完善畜禽良种繁育体系,培育、推广和引进畜禽良种,对于改良本地畜禽品种,提高畜禽生产力水平,提高畜禽品种质量,增加农民收入,发展农村经济,满足社会不同层次的消费需求,具有十分重大的历史意义。１　畜禽良种发展现状“八五”期间,市政府狠抓畜牧业发展,突出抓好畜牧业商品生产基地建设…     

畜禽疫病的防治措施

畜禽饲养具有饲料来源广、生产周期短、成本低、见效快等特点，已成为畜牧业生产的重要组成部分。大力发展畜禽生产，为加快发展内蒙古自治区乌兰察布市畜牧业步伐，改善人民群众的生活水平具有重要意义。但畜禽疫病的流行成为困扰当地农（牧）民生产发展的原因之一。     

农村畜禽场对环境的污染与防治

随着农业产业结构的调整，畜牧业生产规模不断扩大，集约化程度不断提高，畜禽场数量的不断增加，已成为农村这片净土的一个严重污染源，并对畜牧业自身造成了一定危害，成为养殖业发展的制约因素之一。因此防治畜禽场对环境的污染已刻不容缓。鉴于利用先进的高科技手段对畜禽粪便采取无害化处理。对农村畜禽场来讲还存在许多困难，目前建议采取以下措施进行综合防治。     

畜禽养殖污染的危害及治理措施

近年来,我市畜牧业发展很快,规模化畜禽养殖场数量的逐年增加,极大地丰富了肉、蛋、奶的供应。但由于畜禽养殖业污染处理工作滞后,已成为农村污染的主要来源。畜禽养殖业污染物未处理大量排     

浅谈畜禽养殖的环境污染及其防治策略

养殖污染是现代规模化畜禽养殖业发展中遇到的新问题,随着畜禽养殖业的发展已成为农村污染的重要来源,成为当前环境污染最为严重的三大污染源之一,成为当前畜牧业的可持续发展一大障碍,也给人民生产生活带来危害。因此,加强畜禽养殖业的污染防治已成为现阶段环境保护的紧迫任务和重要内容。本文就畜禽养殖环境污染和防治策略进行了论述。     

畜禽排泄物与环境保护

在畜牧业迅速发展的今天 ,如何控制和消除畜牧业的环境污染已成为环保事业和畜牧业生产面临的重要课题。本文在分析畜禽排泄物对环境影响的基础上 ,对饲料处理及排泄物处理等一系列减少环境污染的措施做了介绍。     

环境友好型社会下如何处理畜禽粪便？

近年来,随着中国规模化养殖业的发展,养殖业给环境带来的粪便污染问题日渐严重,防治畜禽养殖业污染已成为现阶段农村环境保护的重要课题。要实现畜牧业可持续发展,建设资源节约型、环境友好型社会,必须改善生态环境,无害化处理及资源化利用畜禽粪便,保持畜牧业生产和环境保护的协调。而在发达国家,对养殖业污染的防治管理已比较成熟。本文对国内外主要国家防治畜禽粪便污染的对策加以梳理,以期为中国的畜禽粪便处理提供有益的借鉴。     

贫困山区病死畜禽处理存在的隐患及对策

在精准扶贫政策的有力推动下，大力发展畜牧业，促进贫困户早日脱贫已成为当政府的首选项目。但是因畜禽发展必然加大种畜禽或生产群的需求，致使畜禽的横向、纵向流通加剧，导致畜禽疫病的输入概率增加，稍有不慎，就会引起一方的疫病流行和暴发，病死畜禽数量急剧增多，无害化处理难度加大，随地随处乱丢或不按要求掩埋病死畜禽事件时有发现，给畜禽疫病的传播造成可乘之机。因此如何有效处置病死畜禽，防止畜禽疫病传播，已成为当前畜牧业生产发展遇到的新难题。     

解决好养殖污染促进新农村建设

近年来,规模化、集约化畜禽养殖场快速成长,畜牧业成为增加农民收入、振兴农村经济的主要途径。然而,畜牧业的快速发展引发的环境问题已经引起社会的广泛关注,环境压力已经成为制约畜牧业持续发展的瓶颈。解决好畜牧业发展对环境造成的污染已成为新农村建设中的主要问题,特别是以畜牧业为主要产业的乡、村,更应该首先考虑和解决好发展畜禽养殖对环境的污染及畜禽养殖废弃物的处理利用问题,使畜牧业发展成为促进新农村建设的动力。     

谈畜禽寄生虫病的科学防控

寄生虫病对畜禽的危害是严重的,该病可导致畜禽急性发病大批死亡,在畜禽体内隐性感染造成畜禽生产缓慢,饲料报酬降低,还可引起畜禽流产、繁殖障碍。新的研究发现,寄生虫严重寄生时,能导致畜禽免疫力下降,造成免疫抑制或免疫失败,因此,防控寄生虫病已成为提高畜牧业经济效益,保障畜牧业健康发展的一个关键环节。另外,感染畜禽的寄生虫中,     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …     

鸡败血支原体垂直传播模式及其阻断方法

以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.