苏沿海棉区选择杂交抗虫棉品种的探讨

2006～2007年引进30个杂交抗虫棉花新品种试验示范,进行丰产性、抗逆性比较和纤维品质测试.从中提出苏沿海棉区近期种植杂交抗虫棉品种以中棉所47、鲁棉研24号等为主,逐步示范推广中棉所57、鲁棉研25号、湘杂棉11号等,并对其栽培措施进行了探讨.     

整枝方式对不同株型棉花品种产量及纤维品质的影响

采用两个株型存在明显差异的棉花品种鲁棉研37号和德棉16号,设置三种不同整枝方式(不整枝、简化整枝、精细整枝),研究了不同整枝方式对不同株型棉花品种产量及纤维品质的影响。结果表明:在种植密度为5.25万株/hm^2条件下,鲁棉研37号株高显著高于德棉16号,整枝方式对株高和果枝数影响不显著;鲁棉研37号简化整枝处理籽棉产量和皮棉产量均最高,且籽棉产量显著高于精细整枝处理,德棉16号在不整枝处理下籽棉产量和皮棉产量最高,与精细整枝处理无显著差异,但显著高于简化整枝处理;不同整枝方式对两个品种纤维上半部平均长度和整齐度指数存在一定影响,但纤维指标均能达标。由此可见,在该密度条件下,株型紧凑型品种鲁棉研37号更适合简化整枝处理,松散型品种德棉16号更适合不整枝处理。     

盐碱地植棉技术

棉花是滨州市的主要经济作物,也是农业生产的支柱产业。目前种植的棉花品种有鲁棉研15号、鲁棉研20号、鲁棉研23号、鲁棉研25号等抗虫杂交棉和鲁棉研16号、鲁棉研21号、鲁棉研22号等常规抗虫棉,年均植棉13多万公顷。但该市地处鲁西北平原,盐碱地较多,占全市总耕地面积的30%以上,是植棉的主要区域。盐碱地主要成分为硫酸盐和氯化物,土壤含盐量在0.3%以上,最高可达1.5%。盐碱地棉田因历年缺苗晚熟、单产低而被称作“坠脚田”。为尽快改变这种低产状况,笔者经过多年在盐碱地上进行植棉田间试验与示范,总结出一些适合盐碱地植棉的经验措施。1压…     

中棉所19在江苏铜山的种植表现

中棉所19是中国农科院棉花研究所育成的新品种。铜山县1993～1994年引进种植,通过品种比较试验、示范和大面积生产应用表明:该品种在徐州地区无论作春棉还是作麦套棉种植,均具有早熟、高产、优质和兼抗病虫等特性,深受广大棉农的欢迎。1　种植表现1.1　产量。1993年铜山县棉花品比试验结果表明:中棉所19名列6品种产量第一位,较对照品种苏棉5号增产8.32%。1994年获徐州市政府一等奖的铜山县郑集镇张湾村麦套棉68公顷,采用该品种每公顷产皮棉1831.5kg,比全镇推广品种苏棉5号平均每公顷多产皮棉570kg。其中0.3公顷高产攻关田,单产皮棉2130kg。1…     

农业部棉花专家指导组提出2012年棉花春季生产技术指导意见

日前,为加强春季棉花生产指导,农业部棉花专家指导组根据不同棉区棉花生产特点,特制定棉花春季生产技术指导意见。要点如下:1长江流域棉区(一)备足良种,建床培肥。选购优质棉种。2012年农业部在长江流域主推中棉所63、鄂杂棉10号、铜杂411F1、苏杂3号、鲁棉研28、鲁棉研21、冀棉958等优质棉种。建立规范苗床,抓好苗     

不同抗虫棉品种对棉铃虫抗性室内观察

近年来抗虫棉在大丰市种植面积逐年增加 ,2 0 0 2年种植面积达 2万公顷 ,占全市棉花面积的5 7.8%。主要品种有中棉所 2 9、鲁棉研 1 5、南抗 3号、科棉 1号等。为了探明不同抗虫棉品种间对棉铃虫的抗虫性差异 ,为今后制定防治策略提供依据 ,进行了该项研究。1试验方法1 .1材料。由江苏省农科院植保所棉虫组统一提供未着药的棉铃虫卵。由大丰市种子公司提供苏棉 9号原种 (常规棉 ,作为试验中的对照品种 )和中棉所2 9、鲁棉研 1 5、科棉 1号、南抗 3号 4个抗虫棉品种。1 .2观察方法。于二代棉铃虫发生期间 ,用未着药的棉铃虫卵放在养虫室内孵…     

2006年黄河流域棉区杂交春棉品种C、D组区域试验简述

2006年黄河流域棉区杂交春棉品种C、D两组参试品种各10个,均为第一年参试。C组参试品种分别为锦科杂1号、RSZT0511、玉君3号、农大KZ04、SGKZ35、鲁4H1、SGKz中927、创杂棉28、川杂棉14。D组参试品种分别为石杂101、新植杂二号、HF03、嘉星416、奥试棉3505、中植棉6号、豫杂37、鲁H368、冀H999,对照品种均为鲁棉研15。全流域试点共18处,分布于津、冀、鲁、豫、陕、晋、苏、皖八个省。试验设计为随机区组排列,重复3次,小区面积20m2,试验区周边种植保护行不少于4行。纤维品质测定由农业部棉花品质监督检验测试中心负责,各项纤维品质…     

抗虫杂交棉鲁棉研15号在射阳县的表现及栽培要点

1 种植表现 抗虫杂交棉鲁棉研15号(H9513)是山东省农科院棉花研究中心最新育成的抗虫杂交棉品种.1998年开始在江苏省射阳县小面积试种,表现突出.此后,种植面积迅速扩大.现将该品种在射阳县的种植表现及栽培技术要点介绍如下.两年品比试验结果平均,鲁棉研15号全生育期146.5天,株高100.9cm,果枝15.4个,单株结铃34.9个,单铃重5.62g,衣分为41.62%,公顷子棉产量4711.5 kg,皮棉产量为1962.3kg,比对照中棉所29增产达12.45%,霜前花率达85.13%.在参试的品种(1999年5个,2000年10个)中,鲁棉研15号子、皮棉及霜前子、皮棉产量均居第一位.大面积示范出现了不少公顷产量在2250kg以上的高产田块.     

棉花新品种扩繁和推广成绩显著

棉花新品种扩繁和推广成绩显著谢方灵，耿兴汉中国农业科学院棉花研究所安阳４５５１１２由国家农业综合开发办下达的棉花新品种中棉所１２、中棉所１６扩繁推广专题（８５作扩７，８）和农业部下达的棉花新品种中棉所１７、中棉所１６、苏棉５号、豫棉８号、杂２９、鲁棉...     

棉花新品种（系）对比试验

为了提高棉花产量和品质、寻找适合当前种植高产、优质、高效的优良品种,IM年特引进了几个棉花新品种（系）进行了多点对比试验,现将试验结果小结如下：1试验安排及供试品种1．1沙土乡东陂村委山仔上自然村廖安云同志家责任田,面积为533m2,供试品种有：苏棉12号（来自江苏省太仓市棉花原种场）。9618（来自江西省棉花研究所）、湘杂棉2号F1代（来自湖南省棉花研究所）、苏棉10号作对照（本地当家品种）。1．2下村镇江东村委胡家自然村陈珠生同志家责任田,面积X以甘,供试品种为：苏棉12号、％18、湘杂棉2号FI代、湘杂棉2号FZ代、苏…     

Factors in the Reduction in Grain Number in Winter Wheat by Early-Sowing in Yamaguchi

Abstract

Grain number per spike of wheat is lower in early sowing than in the conventional standard cultivation in Yamaguchi, Prefecture, Japan. Components of the grain number per spike in five cultivars were analyzed with respect to temperature during the spike development period throughout three growing seasons 2001/2002, 2002/2003 and 2003/2004 to find the cause of the problem of early sowing cultivation. The plants sown in early-October and late-November were called the early sown group and the standard group, respectively, in the following. Three of the five cultivars, Hokushin, Akitakko and Nanbukomugi, showed a strong winter habit, which requires very cold temperatures for spike differentiation. The other two cultivars, Iwainodaichi and Airakomugi, had a moderate winter habit. Grain number per spike and grain yield were decreased by early-sowing (compare with the standard group) in almost all cultivars throughout the three growing seasons. The three cultivars which had a strong winter habit had fewer spikelets per spike in the early-sown group than in the standard group. The other two cultivars which had a moderate winter habit had fewer grains per spikelet in the early-sown group. The higher the temperature during the spikelet formation phase, which is from flag leaf initiation to terminal spikelet initiation, the higher the number of spikelets per spike in the standard group. The spikelet number per spike in the early-sown group increased with the increase in productive tillers under fertile conditions. Such conditions also increased the grain number per spike.     

Allelopathy in Agroecosystems in Spain

Summary

This paper reviews the effects of allelopathic interactions in agroecosystems in Spain on plant physiological activity and their ecological advantages. The phenological stage of growth of donor plants and the effective allelochemicals in the soil solution while studying the role of phenolic compounds were highlighting. Finally possible future prospects and conclusions regarding weed control by allelochemi-cals under integrated crop management strategies are discussed.     

2009年中国稻米市场分析及2010年展望

以翔实的资料对2009年中国稻米生产、消费、进出口、供求平衡、库存、价格走势、购销政策和国际稻米供求等情况进行了全面地分析,对影响2010年稻米市场价格走势的各种因素进行了深入研究,并在此基础上对2010年我国稻米市场价格走势进行了预测,结论是我国稻米价格仍呈上行趋势。     

Diurnal changes in net photosynthetic rate in potato in two environments

Summary Diurnal changes in net photosynthetic rate were measured in a furrow-irrigated potato crop and in a riverbed crop where the water table was always maintained at 20–28 cm from the soil surface. In the irrigated crop, the photosynthetic rate during mid-afternoon was about half the peak rate observed at noon. This reduction was accompanied by a near tripling of stomatal resistance, a 45% reduction in transpiration, and a 5-fold increase in the difference between leaf and air temperatures. No such changes were observed in the riverbed crop where the photosynthetic rate remained nearly constant at about 0.9 mg m⁻² s⁻¹ between 9 a.m. and 4 p.m. Tuber yield in the riverbed crop was about 30% higher than in the irrigated crop.     

我国干热区甘蔗抗旱植蔗主要问题研讨

我国干热蔗区是我国甘蔗糖业的重要生产基地,蔗区光热资源丰富,唯降水分布不均成为植蔗生产的主要限制因子;根据蔗区植蔗特点和甘蔗需水规律,苗期抗旱是干热蔗区抗旱植蔗的关键,保证较多的总苗数和足够的生长量是苗期抗旱植蔗需解决的关键技术难题,制定相应的苗期抗旱植蔗栽培技术措施是解决该难题的重要保障;该观点为我国干热蔗区植蔗生产、甘蔗引育种提供理论和技术支持。     

Advances in Variable Rate Technology Application in Potato in The Netherlands

Precision agriculture is a farming management concept based on observing, measuring and responding to inter- and intra-field variability in crops. In this paper, we focus on responding to intra-field variability in potato crops and analyse variable rate applications (VRAs). We made an overview of potential VRAs in potato crop management in The Netherlands. We identified 13 potential VRAs in potato, ranging from soil tillage to planting to crop care to selective harvest. We ranked them on availability of ‘proof of concept’ and on-farm test results. For five VRAs, we found test results allowing to make a cost-benefit assessment. These five VRAs were as follows: planting, soil herbicide weed control, N side dress, late blight control and haulm killing. They use one of two types of spatial data: soil maps or biomass index maps. Data on costs and savings of the VRAs showed that the investments in VRAs will pay off under practical conditions in The Netherlands. Savings on pesticide use and N-fertilizer use with the VRAs were on average about 25%, which benefits the environment too. We foresee a slow but gradual adoption of VRAs in potato production. More VRAs will become available given ongoing R&D. The perspectives of VRAs in potatoes are discussed.     

棉花体细胞无性系变异的研究进展

体细胞无性系变异是一种重要的细胞工程育种技术,其应用于棉花育种的前提是建立高效的组织培养诱导再生植株体系.本文简要综述了棉花离体诱导植株再生研究的现状,重点讨论了棉花体细胞无性系变异的表现、利用方法及机理,提出了当前研究存在的问题并对今后的研究进行了展望.     

我国高粱育种研究进展

对我国高粱育种的主要途径和研究方向进行了概述,针对目前高粱产量徘徊现象,提出了高粱超高产育种设想,并对其技术路线进行了探讨。