不同转座子介导的基因捕获效率比较

为了比较SB(Sleeping Beauty)、PB(PiggyBac)和Tol2 3种转座子介导的基因捕获效率,本研究构建了含有3种转座子的启动子捕获载体pT3-PST-Pro-Trap。将此载体分别和SB、PB和Tol2 3种转座酶mRNA按照质量比1.0∶1.5的比例注射斑马鱼(Danio rerio)一细胞胚胎,通过检测绿色荧光蛋白报告基因(GFP)的表达水平比较不同转座子的捕获效率。结果显示,3种转座子介导的启动子捕获载体能够高效率捕获内源基因启动子,进而驱动GFP的表达;注射后培养36 h时的SB、PB和Tol2捕获效率分别为24.32%、30.70%和18.87%,PB捕获效率显著高于SB和Tol2(P0.05);3种转座子在60 h时的捕获效率均高于36 h的,其中SB和Tol2组差异达显著水平(P0.05),而PB组差异不显著(P0.05)。本研究结果表明,SB、PB和Tol2转座子介导的基因捕获技术可以用于脊椎动物高通量功能基因筛选,为功能基因研究提供有效新方法。     

Sleeping Beauty (SB)转座子介导增强型绿色荧光蛋白基因(EGFP)体内转染鸡胚胎

为了探索转座子介导技术在鸡胚中的转染效果,本研究采用鸡蛋开窗法将Sleeping Beauty (SB)单质粒转座载体pT2-SV40-EGFP-SB11注射至孵化36 h鸡(Gallus domes ticus)胚盘中,同时设开窗不注射组和不开窗组.利用体视荧光显微镜和RT-PCR方法检测增强型绿色荧光蛋白基因(EGFP)表达率,并比较不同阶段的胚胎成活率、孵化率以及蛋重变化.结果表明,EGFP在鸡胚胎中获得较高的表达率(40％～89％);开窗组和不开窗组在胚胎发育早期蛋重变化差异不显著(P＞0.05),而后期开窗注射组的蛋重比例显著低于不开窗组(P＜0.05);三组胚胎的成活率和孵化率在整个发育过程中变化显著(P＜0.05).本实验初步证明了经改良的鸡蛋开窗法可用于鸡胚转基因研究,并初步建立了SB转座子介导外源基因在鸡胚中转染方法.     

piggyBac转座酶的瞬时表达对莱茵衣藻体内piggyBac转座子的作用

piggyBac转座系统作为一种遗传修饰的工具,在很多生物体如哺乳动物、昆虫、酵母中已经得到了广泛应用.然而,目前piggyBac转座系统在绿藻一莱茵衣藻(Chlamydomonas reinhardti)中是否有活性很少有入研究.本研究构建含有一个拷贝或多个拷贝并且能够稳定表达piggyBac转座元件的莱茵衣藻藻株.然后在含有转座元件的藻株中瞬时表达普通的piggyBac转座酶和密码子优化后的piggyBac转座酶,通过限制性片段长度多态性(restriction fragment length polymorphism,RFLP)分析piggyBac转座元件的转座现象.转座酶转入莱茵衣藻细胞内一周和两周之后与转入之前的RFLP图谱对比,有很明显的差异.转入转座酶一周后的TR1藻株原有的1.5kb大小的片段消失,同时出现了3条新的片段:2.8、4.2和6.5 kb.两周之后,这3条片段又发生了变化,表明转座现象存在并且持续发生.转入密码子优化后转座酶一周后的TR3藻株中,1.5、3和4kb大小的片段没有发生改变,但是6.5 kb大小的片段消失了,与此同时新出现了一个2.8 kb大小的片段.两周之后,TR3的限制性片段多态性图谱并没有发生变化.为了检测转座酶是否成功转入细胞中,我们在新的接头序列两侧进行侧翼PCR,同时对PCR产物进行序列比对分析,结果显示,piggyBac转座子偶尔会在非常规性位点5’-TTT-3’和5’-ACGCAG-3’处发生剪切,而常规性剪切位点发生在5’-TTAA-3’处.研究结果表明,piggyBac转座酶对莱茵衣藻体内piggyBac转座子具有转座作用,piggyBac转座系统可以用于莱茵衣藻的遗传学修饰.     

转座子介导细胞质显微注射技术的基因转移效率比较

为了比较和探索SB(sleeping beauty)、PB(piggyBac)和T012 3种转座子介导下的细胞质显微注射法在小鼠(Mus musculus)和斑马鱼(Danio rerio)上的转基因效率,本研究将包含3种转座子的重组载体pT3-PST-CAG-GFP分别与3种转座酶表达载体以1:1质量比混合,显微注射至小鼠和斑马鱼受精卵细胞质,经体外培养后在胚胎发育不同时期用荧光显微镜检测报告基因绿色荧光蛋白(green fluorescent protein,GFP)阳性率,结果显示,在培养至4 Ed(96 h)(Ed: embryo day,胚胎发育的天数)的小鼠胚胎中,PB转座子介导的GFP转基因阳性率最高,达52％(N=281),显著高于SB的47％ (N=328)和To12的36％ (N=273)(P＜0.05);而受精后36和60 h (hour past fertilization,hpf)斑马鱼胚胎中,荧光显微镜检测表明,To12的GFP阳性率分别为36％(N=677)和37％(N=685),显著高于SB(28％ N=691和27％ N=708)和PB(30％ N=687和32％ N=675)(P＜0.05);转座子介导的细胞质显微注射可获得较高的转基因效率,且转座子活性具有物种差异性,在哺乳动物胚胎中PB转座子的基因转移效率最高,而在鱼类胚胎中To12转座子的基因转移效率最高.本研究为提高动物转基因效率研究提供重要参考资料.     

N端融合TAT穿膜肽的piggyBac转座酶的原核表达及其在HEK 293细胞中的功能验证

为了增加piggyBac(PB)转座系统在转基因操作中安全性和减少PB转座系统的辅助质粒带来的副作用,本研究利用N端融合人免疫缺陷病毒反式激活因子(Human immunodeficiency virus transactivator,TAT)穿膜肽的原核表达PB转座酶替代辅助质粒在人肾胚细胞(HEK293细胞)介导PB转座的发生,同时建立一种由TAT介导的外源功能蛋白进入真核细胞的方法。构建了N端和C端分别融合TAT的PB转座酶原核表达载体(pET28A-Pbase 1,pET28A-Pbase 2)。利用pET28A-Pbase1载体在大肠杆菌(Escherichia coli)BL21(DE3)中成功表达出N端含有TAT的PBase重组蛋白,纯化并对其进行蛋白定量,然后以100mg/mL的浓度加入细胞培养液中,转导进入HEK 293细胞,利用免疫荧光技术观察该酶能否进入HEK293细胞核,利用热不对称PCR(Tail-PCR)进行整合位点侧翼DNA序列检测,亚甲蓝进行阳性细胞克隆染色并利用非配对t检验统计细胞克隆数。聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳和Western blot鉴定结果表明PBase在大肠杆菌中成功表达,经分析发现其主要以可溶蛋白形式存在。免疫荧光结果表明,N端融合TAT穿膜肽的PBase定位于细胞核,但是整合位点检测和转座效率统计结果表明,原核表达的PBase蛋白在HEK 293细胞中无法介导转座事件的发生。该转座系统能否在其他真核细胞中正常发挥作用,还需要进一步的研究。然而,本研究为由TAT穿膜肽介导的外源蛋白在真核细胞中的跨膜转运提供了一种可靠的方法。     

CRISPR/Cas9介导绵羊成纤维细胞MSTN基因突变系统的构建

肌肉生长抑制素(myostatin,MSTN)是肌肉生长负调控因子,MSTN基因突变可造成MSTN生物学功能缺陷,从而引起动物的双肌性状。本研究旨在筛选靶向绵羊(Ovis aries)MSTN基因的高效单导向RNA(single-guide RNA,sgRNA),并构建可标记表达载体,以提高CRISPR/Cas9(clustered regulatory interspaced short palindromic repeats/CRISPR-associated protein 9)介导的绵羊MSTN基因突变效率。利用Gibson Assembly法将增强绿色荧光蛋白(enhanced green fluorescent protein,EGFP)序列与串联表达原件2A序列插入pX330质粒载体中,构建pX330-EGFP质粒载体,并将设计好的12个sgRNA寡核苷酸链以Golden Gate法分别连入pX330-EGFP质粒载体,以构建12个不同的pX330-EGFP-sgRNA质粒表达载体;将构建好的pX330-EGFP-sgRNA表达载体以电转染的方法分别转入12组绵羊成纤维细胞,48 h后提取各组部分细胞基因组,利用SURVEROR分析初选获得3个具有靶向效果的细胞群(T2,T9,Q2),其对应转染质粒为pX330-EGFP-sgRNA;之后分别提取3组细胞中的阳性转染细胞基因组,扩增MSTN基因并进行测序分析,得出sgRNA-T2、sgRNA-T9、sgRNA-Q2的打靶效率分别为40%、40%、60%。本研究通过构建表达绿色荧光蛋白(green fluorescent protein,GFP)的pX330-EGFP-sgRNA表达载体,成功筛选到高效靶向绵羊MSTN基因的sgRNA,并获得准确的编辑效率,为后续其他基因sgRNA的筛选提供了借鉴,并为MSTN基因编辑羊的生产提供科学依据。     

猪microRNA-378-1过表达载体构建及细胞水平验证

microRNA对细胞的增殖和分化有着重要的调节作用,从大白猪(Susscrofa)基因组DNA上扩增microRNA-378-1前体序列,经XhoⅠ酶切后回收相应片段,连接到pEGP-miR载体中,构建重组载体pEGP-miR-378-1,转染猪胎儿成纤维细胞系(PEF),通过荧光观察转染效率及报告基因的表达效率,利用实时荧光定量PCR(QRT-PCR)测定细胞内microRNA-378-1的表达活性。结果表明,成功地构建了重组载体pEGP-miR-378-1;荧光观察转染后的细胞,显示有较高的转染效率,报告基因有较高的表达效率;QRT-PCR结果显示,实验组和对照组microRNA-378-1表达显著提高,实验组和对照组细胞间差异极显著(P<0.01);为制备转基因动物研究microRNA-378-1功能提供技术平台。     

真核表达载体pIRES2-ZsGreen1-opLA的构建及其在猪成纤维细胞的表达

α-乳清蛋白(α-lactalbumin,α-LA)是哺乳动物乳汁中一种重要的蛋白质,富含机体必需氨基酸和支链氨基酸,其极佳的氨基酸比例、易吸收性以及功能特异性,使得α-LA在婴幼儿个体正常生长中具有重要的意义。本实验旨在构建人α-乳清蛋白真核表达载体pIRES2-ZsGreen1-opLA,将其转染至猪(Susscrofa)的成纤维细胞,获得稳定表达人α-LA的细胞。根据猪基因密码子偏爱性优化并合成人α-乳清蛋白基因mRNA序列opLA,并将其定向克隆入pIRES2-Zs Green1真核表达载体,双酶切及测序方法鉴定重组载体;脂质体介导的方法将载体转染入培养的猪成纤维细胞,荧光显微镜下观察转染效果,G418抗性筛选重组细胞;RT-PCR方法检测目的基因的表达。结果表明,通过酶切以及测序鉴定得到的重组载体pIRES2-Zs Green1-opLA构建成功;荧光显微镜下观察,转染了pIRES2-Zs Green1-opLA和pIRES2-Zs Green1空载体的细胞均发出绿色荧光,且荧光多集中于细胞核;筛选重组细胞的最小G418浓度为400ng/μL;RT-PCR法检测到与目的基因大小一致的片段,而未转染组和转染空载体组均未检测到。本实验成功构建真核表达载体pIRES2-ZsGreen1-opLA,并获得稳定表达目的基因的猪成纤维细胞,该细胞可作为进一步研究转基因克隆猪的供体细胞。     

家蚕胞质肌动蛋白基因启动子的克隆及piggyBac转座子表达载体的构建

摘要: 利用PCR方法从家蚕（Bombyx mori）总DNA中克隆到细胞质肌动蛋白基因（cytoplasmic actin）启动子片段，序列分析表明，该片段中含有典型的组成型表达的细胞质肌动蛋白基因A3（BmA3）调控序列：SRE元件（serum response element）和ActE1元件(active element 1)。该序列的核苷酸序列与来自欧洲的一个家蚕品种的序列同源性为94%。通过多次重组，将A3启动子片段(不含信号肽序列)与转座子 piggyBac的转座酶编码区融合构建成辅助质粒；将其(含信号肽序列和部分编码区)与报告基因多管水母绿色荧光蛋白基因gfp融合，插入到人工合成的转座子piggyBac两反向重复末端序列之间，进而构建成基于转座子piggyBac的转基因载体。研究中构建的转座子转基因载体仅6.4 kb，并在两反向重复末端序列之间设计了1个多克隆位点区，便于目的基因的插入。     

鸡β-防御素-1真核表达载体构建及其在Flp-In-293细胞中的表达

以防御素为研究对象探讨其药用开发价值已是国内外生物医学研究领域的热点之一,鸡β-防御素-1（Gallinacin-1,Gal-1）对许多致病菌都具有杀菌作用,具有很好的研究开发价值。本研究以含有Gal-1成熟肽全长cDNA的重组质粒pMD19-T-Gal-1为模板,通过PCR在Gal-1成熟肽基因C末端引入6×His-tag,并将其克隆到pcDNA3.1（＋）载体中,构建真核表达质粒pcDNA3.1（＋）-Gal-1-His;经脂质体介导转染Flp-In-293细胞,48h后间接免疫荧光分析,结果重组质粒pcDNA3.1（＋）-Gal-1-His转染的Flp-In-293细胞中有绿色荧光,而阴性对照中无荧光,表明Gal-1-His在Flp-In-293细胞中得到了表达。本研究结果将为进一步研究Gal-1的功能奠定基础。     

Identification of oxidation products of (-)-epigallocatechin gallate and (-)-epigallocatechin with H(2)O(2)

(-)-Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) and (-)-epigallocatechin (EGC) are two important antioxidants in tea. They also display some antitumor activities, and these activities are believed to be mainly due to their antioxidative effects. However, the specific mechanisms of antioxidant action of tea catechins remain unclear. In this study are isolated and identified two novel reaction products of EGCG and one product of EGC when they were reacted separately with H(2)O(2). These products are formed by the oxidation and decarboxylation of the A ring in the catechin molecule. This study provides unequivocal proof that the A ring of EGCG and EGC may also be an antioxidant site. This study also indicates an additional reaction pathway for the oxidation chemistry of tea catechins.     

Excretion of (14)C-fumonisin B(1), (14)C-hydrolyzed fumonisin B(1), and (14)C-fumonisin B(1)-fructose in rats.

14C-Fumonisin B(1) (FB(1)) was produced by Fusarium proliferatum M-5991 in modified Myro liquid medium and purified to >95% purity with a specific activity of 1.7 mCi/mmol. Nine male and nine female F344/N rats were each dosed by gavage with 0.69 micromol of (14)C-FB(1), (14)C-hydrolyzed FB(1), or (14)C-FB(1)-fructose/kg body weight. Urinary excretion of (14)C-FB(1) and (14)C-FB(1)-fructose was 0.5% and 4.4% of the total dose, respectively, and was similar between male and female rats. Urinary excretion of (14)C-hydrolyzed HFB(1) was significantly greater (P > 0.05) in female rats as compared with male rats (17.3% vs 12.8% of the total dose, respectively). There were no significant (P > 0.05) differences in biliary excretion of the three fumonisin compounds with a mean of 1. 4% of the dose excreted at 4 h after dosing. Lesser amounts continued to be excreted up to 9.25 h after dosing. Although biliary excretion of the (14)C-FB(1), (14)C-hydrolyzed FB(1), and (14)C-FB(1)-fructose was similar, increased urinary excretion of the (14)C-hydrolyzed FB(1) as compared to (14)C-FB(1) and (14)C-FB(1)-fructose indicated a greater absorption of the hydrolyzed form.     

Chemoenzymatic synthesis of homochiral (R)- and (S)-karahanaenol from (R)-limonene

Terpinolene oxide, a monoterpene belonging to the p-menthane group, is easily derived from naturally abundant (R)-limonene. It was isomerized with montmorillonite clay catalyst to karahanaenone (2,2, 5-trimethylcyclohept-4-en-1-one) by ring enlargement. The enantiomers of the corresponding alcohol, karahanaenol (2,2, 5-trimethylcyclohept-4-en-1- ol), known for their individual organoleptic properties, were resolved through Pseudomonas cepacia lipase mediated enantiospecific alcoholysis of its acetate derivative.     

(三唑基-~(14)C-)粉锈宁的标记合成

本文报道了(三唑基-14C)-粉锈宁的制备。由14C-甲酸和重碳酸氨基胍形成(5-14C)-3-氨基-1,2,4-三唑,再经重氮化脱氨得到(5-14C)-1,2,4-三唑,最后再与对氯酚和二氯片呐酮反应得到(三唑基-14C)-粉锈宁。放化收率为26％(从甲酸-14C计),放化纯度大于95％。     

Theoretical speciation of ethylenediamine-N-(o-hydroxyphenylacetic)-N'-(p-hydroxyphenylacetic) acid (o,p-EDDHA) in agronomic conditions

The presence of ethylenediamine-N-(o-hydroxyphenylacetic)-N'-(p-hydroxyphenylacetic) acid (o,p-EDDHA) as the second largest component in commercial EDDHA iron chelates has recently been demonstrated. Here is reported the speciation of o,p-EDDHA by the application of a novel methodology through the determination of the complexing capacity, protonation, and Ca(2+), Mg(2+), Cu(2+), and Fe(3+) stability constants. The pM values and species distribution in solution, hydroponic, and soil conditions were obtained. Due to the para position of one phenol group in o,p-EDDHA, the protonation constants and Ca and Mg stability constants have different values from those of o,o-EDDHA and p,p-EDDHA regioisomers. o,p-EDDHA/Fe(3+) stability constants are higher than those of EDTA/Fe(3+) but lower than those of o,o-EDDHA/Fe(3+). The sequence obtained for pFe is o,o-EDDHA/Fe(3+) >/= o,p-EDDHA/Fe(3+) > EDTA/Fe(3+). o,p-EDDHA/Fe(3+) can be used as an iron chelate in hydroponic conditions. Also, it can be used in soils with limited Cu availability.     

Binding studies of oxovanadium(V) with ovalbumins (OA)

The effect of protein oxovanadium(V) ion concentration and pH on the ratio of diffusion current (id/id₀) was studied in vanadium(V) ovalbumin-S and denatured ovalbumin systems. In both the cases marked decrease in diffusion current was observed at the respective pH values, indicating that binding takes place with cationic groups of the proteins. The binding sites (n) were found to be pH dependent. The uniformity of logK and ΔG ⁰ value at all pH values indicated the involvement of same sites in interaction. Furthermore, the linear scatchard plots in both the systems supported the involvement of single class of independent sites in oxovanadium(V) anion interaction. The difference in binding sites (n) has been attributed to the folded structure of ovalbumin-S while unfolded one of denatured ovalbumin.