仔犬饲养管理要点

仔犬是指从出生到45日龄的犬。根据仔犬的生理特点变化,可将这一生长时期的犬分为新生仔犬和断奶前仔犬。在犬的一生中,仔犬阶段是对饲养管理要求最高的时期。因此,只有根据仔犬生长发育规律及其生理特点,采用科学的饲养管理措施,才能培育出体质健壮,品质优良的犬。     

母犬不同生理阶段的饲养管理

1仔犬、幼犬的饲养管理在犬的一生中。仔犬、幼犬阶段是生长发育最快的阶段,幼犬可塑性最大,此阶段也是发病和死亡数最多的阶段。因此,这个阶段的饲养管理要求最高,必须结合仔犬、幼犬的生长发育规律和生理特点,给予科学的饲养和管理。     

提高肉用仔犬成活率的措施

仔犬的饲养是肉用犬生产的重要环节,生产中根据仔犬的生理特点,采取综合措施加强饲养管理,可有效地提高仔犬的成活率。     

仔犬及幼犬的饲养管理

仔犬和幼犬饲养管理是整个养犬收益的基础和关键。为提高肉犬饲养的经济效益,根据我场饲养管理情况及饲养实践,得出可借鉴的幼龄犬饲养管理技术规范,供广大养犬者参考。1　哺乳仔犬饲养管理1.1　固定乳头一般仔犬产下后会自行固定,产仔较多时,应将后产出的体质较弱的仔犬...     

浅谈新生仔犬的饲养管理要点

新生仔犬的饲养管理是繁育工作的重要环节,春季是繁殖仔犬最佳时期,同时也是细菌微生物、病毒等繁殖和传播最快的季节,此季节新生仔犬也最易患上传染病。在现今肉犬养殖中,由于新生仔犬的饲养管理不当造成成活率下降,生长发育迟缓等现象时有发生。因此应重视新生仔犬的饲养管理,争取提高繁育成效。     

哺乳仔鹿的饲养管理技术

哺乳仔鹿是生长发育最快的时期,也是抵抗力最弱的时期。因此,科学的饲养管理,对促进仔鹿的快速发育和健康成长有着十分重要的作用,也是提高鹿群质量及成活率的重要保证。哺乳仔鹿的饲养管理有一套严格科学的方法,其管理的成功与否不仅关系着仔鹿的成活,而且关系着仔鹿今后的生产性能及水平,直接影响着生产的经济效益与鹿业发展。现将哺乳仔鹿的饲养管理要点简述如下。     

仔幼犬的饲养管理

<正>仔幼犬新陈代谢旺盛,生长发育快,对营养物质的数量和质量要求较高;消化器官发育不全,消化腺功能不完善,对饲料的质量、形态和饲喂方法、次数等具有特殊要求;由于体温调节机能仍不完善,对寒冷等应激的适应能力差,对环境要求高;新生仔犬缺乏自然免疫力,容易染病。因此,饲养管理过程中,要根据哺乳期仔犬的生理特点,灵活把握。     

仔犬饲养管理要点

仔犬的饲养管理是繁育工作的重要环节。在实际工作中,由于仔犬的饲养管理不当造成仔犬的成活率下降,生长发育迟缓等现象时有发生。因此应重视仔犬的饲养管理,提高繁育成效,现结合经验体会介绍如下。     

仔犬饲养管理要点

仔犬的饲养管理是繁育工作的重要环节。在实际工作中,由于仔犬的饲养管理不当造成仔犬的成活率下降,生长发育迟缓等现象时有发生。因此应重视仔犬的饲养管理,提高繁育成效,现结合经验体会介绍如下。     

哺乳仔犬的护理要细心

随着人们生活水平的提高，离退休老人逐渐走上社会，饲养宠物全党人也相应增多，而且多数人愿意饲养的母犬繁殖小犬，一是自己留养，二是赠送朋友，三是为了出售。但是不少养犬对幼犬或成年犬的饲养管理比较熟悉，而对哺乳仔犬的饲养管理就较缺乏经验了，下面就介绍一下哺乳仔全党饲养方法。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …     

鸡败血支原体垂直传播模式及其阻断方法

以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.