不同免疫方式对猪蓝耳病、猪瘟及猪口蹄疫免疫效果的影响

探讨了不同免疫方式对猪蓝耳病(HP-PRRS)、猪瘟(GSF)及猪口蹄疫(FMD)免疫效果的影响。结果表明,采用同时分点免疫FMD和CSF,1周后再进行HP-PRRS免疫的方式免疫效果优于其他组合方式。为指导实际生产中猪蓝耳病、猪瘟和猪口蹄疫的免疫提供参考。     

猪流行性腹泻灭活疫苗的临床免疫效果评价

为防控猪流行性腹泻,筛选可靠的免疫方式,研究采用与猪流行性腹泻病毒毒株序列同源性最高的猪流行性腹泻灭活疫苗进行紧急免疫,于产前30、15 d分别免疫妊娠母猪,并检测免疫前后母猪的血清和初乳中猪流行性腹泻病毒中和抗体及免疫球蛋白G(IgG)、免疫球蛋白A(IgA)特异性抗体.结果表明,免疫后母猪的血清和初乳均产生高水平且...     

白细胞游走抑制琼脂糖试验用于诊断猪痢疾

用白细胞游走抑制琼脂糖试验(LMAT)已证明自然感染猪痢疾猪的细胞介导免疫(CMI)。猪痢疾密螺旋体的可溶性抗原能抑制猪痢疾患猪的白细胞游走,但不能抑制未感染猪的白细胞游走。在出现猪痢疾的临床症状之后,开始检出细胞介导免疫,2周后游走指数(MI)达最高值0.11(P<0.01)。在实验期的其余3周中游走指数逐渐下降。体液抗体水平与细胞介导免疫密切相关,因为两者都在相同的时间间隔内呈现最大值。4个月前感染猪痢疾的猪其白细胞具有显著的免疫应答,游走指数为0.73(P<0.05),而年龄和体重相当的未感染猪,其白细胞游走指数为0.94,差异不显著(P>0.05)。这些结果表明白细胞游走抑制琼脂糖试验可以用于诊断猪痢疾。     

规模化猪场3种主要疫病抗体检测结果分析

为调查猪场免疫程序的合理性及猪群的免疫成效,论文对陕西省某规模化猪场的猪瘟(CSF)、猪繁殖与呼吸综合征(PRRS)和猪伪狂犬病(PR)3种传染病进行血清学系统检测,并对检测结果进行分析.检测结果显示,22周龄后备母猪CSF抗体阳性率(30％)低于其他阶段猪群,哺乳母猪CSF抗体阳性率(96％)高于其他阶段猪群,整体猪...     

PRRS发病猪群仔猪血象指标的检测

为了解猪繁殖与呼吸综合征(PRRS)发病猪群的生理指标,为临床诊断和防控提供参考,将采样猪群分为3组,未免疫发病猪群、免疫后发病猪群和免疫后健康猪群,采用前腔静脉采血,全自动血液分析仪进行血液生理指标分析。结果:发病猪群的白细胞数和淋巴细胞数显著低于免疫后健康猪群,未免疫发病猪群的中间细胞数高于免疫后健康和发病猪群;发病猪群的红细胞数及其相关指标低于免疫后健康猪群;免疫后发病猪群的血小板数显著高于未免疫发病和免疫后健康猪群。猪群感染PRRSV发病后,表现出贫血现象,而且机体免疫力下降,致使猪群更易继发感染其他疾病。     

免疫应激对不同品种仔猪免疫应答能力的影响

通过对莱芜猪、鲁莱猪及大约克夏断奶仔猪注射大肠杆菌脂多糖(LPS),以探讨免疫应激对免疫功能的影响。试验分别选用12头体重为(13.6±0.5)kg的莱芜猪、鲁莱猪和大约克夏猪,2×3因子设计,即免疫应激处理(注射LPS或生理盐水)和品种类型(莱芜猪、鲁莱猪和大约克夏猪)。于试验第1天,每品种中的6头猪注射200μg/kg体重的LPS,6头注射生理盐水作对照,并进行猪瘟疫苗接种。注射LPS后第2、7和14天,采血测定淋巴细胞转化率;测定注射LPS前1 d和注射LPS后第7、14天的猪瘟抗体水平。结果LPS刺激第2天的猪,淋巴细胞转化率显著高于生理盐水组(P0.01),莱芜猪的淋巴细胞转化率(P0.05)显著高于大约克;免疫应激对不同品种仔猪的猪瘟抗体水平的变化无差显著性影响(P0.05)。表明LPS能够有效刺激不同品种猪的细胞免疫机能;在免疫应激作用下,不同品种仔猪免疫应答能力有差异。     

规模猪场主要疫病抗体水平监测及免疫效果分析

采用血凝试验和酶联免疫吸附试验 (ELISA) ,检测了杭州市 2 4个规模猪场 91 1份血清中的猪瘟、猪伪狂犬病、猪繁殖和呼吸综合征 (蓝耳病 )抗体效价。结果表明 :规模猪场猪瘟免疫效果较好 ,免疫合格率达 85 6 % ,其中母猪免疫合格率 (92 6 % )高于种猪 (78 2 % )和肥育猪(62 4% ) ;猪伪狂犬病抗体阳性场达 2 0个 ,猪抗体阳性率为 40 0 7% ,其中母猪为 50 2 4 % ;猪蓝耳病抗体阳性血清数为 362份 ,占 39 74% ,其中 ,种猪最高 ,为 50 6 % ,其余依次为肥育猪 (48 3 % )和母猪 (35 4% ) ,猪蓝耳病抗体阳性场数为 1 7个 ,占 70 83 %。     

高致病性蓝耳病弱毒疫苗及灭活疫苗免疫效果的比较

为比较灭活、弱毒两种常规猪蓝耳病疫苗的免疫效果,于2011年9—10月梓潼县秋季防疫工作期间,对该县32个乡镇使用不同种类猪蓝耳病疫苗进行免疫并跟踪调查,免疫28天后采集猪血清样品进行免疫抗体检测.结果显示:猪蓝耳弱毒疫苗免疫后产生的抗体阳性率(94.55%)及OD值(1.108)均高于灭活疫苗(49.30%,0.3758),弱毒组OD值的标准误(0.03483)高于灭活组(0.01926).结果表明,猪蓝耳病弱毒疫苗能产生较高的抗体水平,但其整齐程度不及灭活疫苗.     

猪支原体肺炎活疫苗经肌肉注射的免疫效果评价

猪支原体肺炎活疫苗(168株)是一种以肺内注射途径免疫的弱毒活疫苗。为了拓展猪支原体肺炎活疫苗的免疫途径,评估猪支原体肺炎活疫苗(168株)配合佐剂以肌肉注射方式免疫猪群后的攻毒保护效果,选取20头7日龄猪肺炎支原体(Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae,Mhp)阴性仔猪,将其随机平均分成4组,分别为健康对照组、感染对照组、肌肉注射免疫组和肺内注射免疫组。在免疫后采集血样并检测其中的Mhp IgG抗体,在首次免疫后42 d人工感染Mhp组织毒(JS株),攻毒28 d后评估肺脏的病变情况并测定支气管肺泡灌洗液(BALF)中的Mhp含量。结果显示：免疫后肌肉注射免疫组动物产生了明显的Mhp特异性血清IgG抗体,而肺内注射免疫组动物在攻毒前未见明显的血清抗体;肌肉注射免疫组和肺内注射免疫组的攻毒保护率分别平均为88.89%和75.93%,且组间无显著性差异;感染对照组的BALF中Mhp单位含量极显著高于肌肉注射免疫组和肺内注射免疫组(P<0.01),2个免疫组间无显著性差异。结果表明：猪支原体活疫苗配合佐剂后经肌肉注射免疫可产生较好的免疫攻毒保护效果。本研究为猪支原体肺炎活...     

规模化猪场肺炎支原体、鼻支原体与蓝耳病病毒感染情况调查

[目的]为分析猪肺炎支原体(MHP)、猪鼻支原体(MHR)与猪蓝耳病病毒(PRRSV)在临床感染中的相互关系。[方法]对从山东省规模化猪场收集的213份疑似病料进行PRRSV、MHP和MHR的检测,结合猪场的免疫背景对结果进行分析。[结果]发现在猪肺炎支原体免疫猪场,猪肺炎支原体感染比例显著降低,而在猪肺炎支原体非免疫猪场,猪鼻支原体与猪肺炎支原体、猪蓝耳病病毒的混合感染率极高。无论在肺炎支原体免疫场还是非免疫场,猪蓝耳病病毒与猪鼻支原体的混合感染率,都超过了猪蓝耳病病毒与猪肺炎支原体的混合感染率。[结论]PRRSV与MHP和MHR之间有着密切的关系,除猪肺炎支原体外,猪鼻支原体目前已成为危害养猪业的又一重要因素。     

桑树的遗传变异特点及在品种选育中的应用

我国具有悠久的桑树栽培历史,拥有3 000余份桑树种质资源,分属15个桑种和4个变种,并逐渐形成适应不同生长环境的8个生态类型。依据已有的研究结果,综述桑树遗传变异的特点包括:广泛分布、自然有性杂交和异花授粉以及缺乏稳定性选择等,促进了桑树的突变发生,形成遗传变异的多样性;无性繁殖方式产生了丰富的无性系变异;性状遗传值中非加性效应占有较大比例;无性系品种间杂种一代存在复杂的多样性分离和经济性状的普遍退化;存在丰富的多倍体系列和普遍的混倍现象等。对桑树品种选育研究提出建议:基于桑树的高度杂合习性,不仅要重视研究不同品种中加性效应在遗传值中所占比率,更要研究非加性效应所占比率及充分利用的方法;基于桑树遗传变异的多样性和丰富的无性系变异,加强无性系和田间选优育种;利用桑树混倍现象,将培育多倍体特别是三倍体品种作为一条有效的多倍体育种途径。     

Variation in quantity and quality of native forages and grazing behavior of cattle and goats in Tanzania

The study was conducted to assess the effects of seasonal variation in the quality and quantity of pasture and management of livestock exclosures (ngitili) on the grazing behavior of cattle and goats. The study was 2×2×2 factorial design with three independent variables: season (Dry or Rainy), ngitili management (Private or Communal) and animal species (Cattle or Goats). Focal and scan observation methods were used to record different behavioral activities. Vegetation attributes from the study areas were measured in two consecutive seasons. Most key forage species had significant higher crude protein (CP) content and in vitro organic matter digestibility (INVOMD) in rainy than in dry season (P<0.05), but Neutral Detergent Fiber (NDF) and Acid Detergent Fiber (ADF) did not vary significantly with season (P>0.05). ADF and NDF were significantly higher in species from communal ngitili than those from private ngitili (P<0.05). Above-ground herbaceous biomass and bulk density (BD) were significantly higher in the rainy season and in the private ngitili than in the dry season and in the communal ngitili respectively. Cattle and goats spent considerably more time grazing and browsing respectively in the rainy season than in the dry season (P<0.05). Cattle foraging activities did not vary significantly (P>0.05) with ngitili management, but goats found to spend considerably more time browsing in the communal ngitili and more time grazing in the private ngitili (P<0.05). Despite the merits of stocking cattle and goats together in the heterogeneous pasture, seasonal variation in forage resources requires investigation of other strategies such as use of multipurpose trees and treatment of crop residues to improve livestock production.     

Evaluation of lysozyme and lactoferrin in lacrimal and other ocular glands of bison and cattle and in tears of bison

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate lactoferrin and lysozyme content in various ocular glands of bison and cattle and in tears of bison. SAMPLE POPULATION: Tissues of ocular glands obtained from 15 bison and 15 cattle and tears collected from 38 bison. PROCEDURE: Immunohistochemical analysis was used to detect lysozyme and lactoferrin in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded sections of the ocular glands. Protein gel electrophoresis was used to analyze ocular glands and pooled bison tears by use of a tris-glycine gel and SDS-PAGE. Western blotting was used to detect lactoferrin and lysozyme. RESULTS: Immunohistochemical staining for lactoferrin was evident in the lacrimal gland and gland of the third eyelid in cattle and bison and the deep gland of the third eyelid (Harder's gland) in cattle. Equivocal staining for lactoferrin was seen for the Harder's gland in bison. An 80-kd band (lactoferrin) was detected via electrophoresis and western blots in the lacrimal gland and gland of the third eyelid in cattle and bison, Harder's glands of cattle, and bison tears. An inconsistent band was seen in Harder's glands of bison. Lysozyme was not detected in the lacrimal gland of cattle or bison with the use of immunohistochemical analysis or western blots. Western blots of bison tears did not reveal lysozyme. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Distribution of lactoferrin and a lack of lysozyme are similar in the lacrimal gland of cattle and bison. Differences in other tear components may be responsible for variability in the susceptibility to infectious corneal diseases that exists between bison and cattle.     

Housing of dogs and cats in shelters and kennels in Switzerland

The study deals with the situation regarding housing of dogs and cats in Swiss shelters and kennels. In shelters, dogs were mainly held inside a cubicle with a small outside yard. In kennels, housing of dogs took place mainly in inside rooms. Usually two or three dogs were kept together. Cats were held in rooms, with or without outside yards, mainly in groups; no establishment preferred exclusively the housing in cubicles. Shelters received on average 183 dogs and 262 cats each year. Among them, about a third were lost animals while the remaining ones were relinquished. The study highlights some possibilities for improvements and the great diversity of the establishments regarding their size, infrastructure, housing conditions and aims.     

Ecology and epidemiology of anthrax in cattle and humans in Zambia

Anthrax is endemic in Western and North-western Provinces of Zambia. The disease occurs throughout the year and impacts negatively on the economy of the livestock industry and public health in Zambia. During 1989-1995, there were 1626 suspected cases of anthrax in cattle in Western province and of these 51 were confirmed. There were 220 cases of human anthrax cases in 1990 alone and 248 cases during 1991-1998 with 19.1% and 7.7% case fatality rates, respectively. Interplay of the ecology of affected areas and anthropogenic factors seem to trigger anthrax epidemics. Anthrax has drawn considerable attention in recent years due to its potential use as a biological weapon. In this paper, the history, current status and approaches towards the control of the disease in Zambia are discussed. Quarantine measures restrict trade of livestock and exchange of animals for draught power resulting in poor food security at household levels. Challenges of anthrax control are complex and comprise of socio-political, economical, environmental and cultural factors. Inadequate funding, lack of innovative disease control strategies and lack of cooperation from stakeholders are the major constraints to the control of the disease. It is hoped that the information provided here will stimulate continued awareness for the veterinary and medical authorities to maintain their surveillance and capabilities against the disease. This may lead to a culminating positive impact on livestock and human health in the southern African region.     

猪卵母细胞体外成熟和孤雌培养体系的建立和优化

试验系统探讨了猪卵母细胞的体外成熟和孤雌激活方法。结果表明:在成熟液中分别添加FSH(促卵泡素:0.1ng/mL)和hMG(人绝经期促性腺激素:0.01IU/mL)的卵母细胞成熟率差异显著,但2组间的分裂率和囊胚率差异不显著。在成熟液中添加0、10、30、50、70ng/mL或90ng/mL的EGF(表皮生长因子),50ng/mLEGF组的分裂率达到84.90%,囊胚率达到30.20%,显著高于其余各组。分别使用以TCM-199和NCSU-23为基础液的成熟液来成熟培养猪卵母细胞,NCSU-23组的分裂率,成熟率和囊胚率均高于TCM-199组。使用离子酶素激活方法和电激活方法进行对比,离子酶素激活后孤雌胚胎发育效果好,差异极显著(P<0.01)。     

犬和猫急性胰腺炎的病因及机制研究进展

胰腺周围脂肪组织和腺泡坏死被认为是急性胰腺炎(Acute pancreatitis,AP)的主要病理特征。胰腺炎轻者不累及其他器官,无并发症,为自限性疾病;重者胰腺出血、坏死、多器官功能衰竭,出现并发症,危及生命。近年来,胰腺炎在犬和猫中发病率非常高,而且病程一般是由急性期转至慢性期,由轻微转至严重。对其发病原因及其发病机制知之甚少,国内外兽医相关文献鲜有报道。论文参考大量研究文献并结合临床经验,综述该病的发病原因和发病机制,以期为临床预防和治疗提供思路。     

甘肃苜蓿田芫菁的种类为害及防治

通过对甘肃苜蓿田芫菁为害调查表明,常见芫菁种类有中华豆芫菁、绿芫菁、苹斑芫菁、腋斑芫菁、豆芫菁、暗头芫菁6种。对其成虫形态特征进行了描述,并列出了检索表。讨论了苜蓿田芫菁的为害性,指出其不仅取食为害,而且因其尸体内含有的斑蝥素,含其尸体的苜蓿草及草产品也会对家畜健康造成危害;因此,干草中不能有有其尸体。最后提出了芫菁的取样调查和防治技术。